• New DNA study debunks Aryan invasion theory (AIT)

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    https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2019/09/06/new-study-debunks-aryan-invasion-theory.html

    New DNA study debunks Aryan invasion theory

    The study claims Harappans and Vedic people are same

    Pratul Sharma By Pratul Sharma September 06, 2019 19:04 IST

    In a major finding that could impact the understanding of Indian
    ancestry, the DNA study of a 4500-year-old skeleton found in Rakhigarhi,
    in Haryana, suggests that modern people in India are likely to have
    descended from the same population.

    These path-breaking insights came to light after scientists were able to sequence genome from the skeleton of a woman and study the
    archaeological evidence found in Rakhigarhi, a village located some 150 kilometers from Delhi. Rakhigarhi is the largest Harappan site in India.

    “The ancient-DNA results completely reject the theory of steppe pastoral
    or ancient Iranian farmers as source of ancestry to the Harappan
    population. This research also demolishes the hypothesis about mass
    human migration during the Harappan time from outside South Asia,” Prof Vasant Shinde, director of the Rakhigarhi project, said.

    Shinde said the new breakthrough completely sets aside the Aryan
    migration or invasion theory. “The skeletal remains found in the upper
    part of the citadel area of Mohenjodaro belonged to those who died due
    to floods and not (of those) massacred by the Aryans as hypothesised by
    Sir Mortimer Wheeler. The Aryan invasion theory is based on very flimsy ground,” Shinde said, adding that the history being taught to us in text books should now be changed.

    The DNA revealed that there was no migration or inclusion of any Iran or Central Asian gene into Harappan people. "There is a continuity till the
    modern times. We are descendants of the Harappans. Even the Vedic
    culture and (that of) Harappans are same,” Shinde said.

    “This research, for the first time, has established the fact that people
    of Harappan civilisation are the ancestors of most population of South
    Asia. For the first time, the research indicates movement of people from
    east to west. The Harappan people's presence is evident at sites like
    Gonur in Turkmenistan and Shahr-i-Sokhta in Iran. As the Harappans
    traded with Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persian Gulf and all over South Asia,
    there are bound to be movements of people resulting into mixed genetic history,” he added.

    These revelations assume political significance as there have been
    demands to rewrite the history books to say that Vedic people were the
    original inhabitants of the country and they did not come from Central
    Asia. “Our premise that the Harappans were Vedic people thus received
    strong corroborative scientific evidence based on ancient DNA studies,”
    he added.

    Another significant claim in the study published in the scientific
    journal Cell, titled "An Ancient Harappan Genome Lacks Ancestry from
    Steppe Pastoralists or Iranian Farmers”, is that farming was not brought
    to South Asia by large-scale movement of people from the Fertile
    Crescent where farming first arose. Instead, farming started in South
    Asia by local hunter-gatherers.

    As the study results were published, separate statements were issued by
    Harvard Medical School which had collaborated in the study.

    "Even though there has been success with studies of ancient-DNA from
    many other places, the difficult preservation conditions mean that
    studies in South Asia have been a challenge," says senior author David
    Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School, the Broad Institute, and
    the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

    In this study, Reich, along with post-doctoral scientist Vagheesh
    Narasimhan and Niraj Rai, who established a new ancient-DNA laboratory
    at the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences in Lucknow, led the
    preparation of the samples. They screened 61 skeletal samples from a
    site in Rakhigarhi, the largest city of the Indus valley Civilisation. A
    single sample showed promise: it contained a very small amount of
    authentic ancient DNA. The team made over 100 attempts to sequence the
    sample. Reich says: "While each of the individual data sets did not
    produce enough DNA, pooling them resulted in sufficient genetic data to
    learn about population history."

    "Ancestry like that in the Indus Valley Civilisation individuals is the
    primary ancestry source in South Asia today," says Reich. "This finding
    ties people in South Asia today directly to the Indus Valley Civilisation."

    The authors of the study, however, have a word of caution. “Analyzing
    the genome of only one individual limits the conclusions that can be
    drawn about the entire population of the Indus Valley Civilization.”

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