• DAY48SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 09, 2018 08:41:16
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CDT Mon Apr 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The main focus of the extended period continues to be the impressive amplification of a mid/upper trough over the central US late this
    week into the weekend. Along the base of the trough, an approximate
    100-kt west/southwesterly 500-mb jet will overspread the
    southern/central Plains on D5/Fri, transporting a broad area of
    relatively steep lapse rates across the region. Concurrently, a
    deepening low over the central US will encourage a narrow corridor
    of enhanced poleward moisture return (generally characterized by
    surface dew points in the 60s) from eastern Texas to the lower
    Missouri Valley. Attendant to this low, a dry line and cold front
    will accelerate eastward from the Plains towards the Mississippi
    Valley through Friday night, promoting thunderstorm activity from
    the western Gulf Coast to the Midwest.

    While still exhibiting diversity in the timing of the eastward
    evolution of the trough, medium-range guidance continues to
    highlight areas from eastern Texas to the Mid-South for the highest
    probability of severe weather late Friday into the overnight. Here, deterministic/ensemble guidance indicates robust wind fields will
    overlap adequate surface-based buoyancy for the development of
    severe thunderstorms. Considering the magnitude of forcing for
    ascent and the forecast meridional nature of deep-layer flow,
    upscale growth into larger convective complexes appears probable.
    Such evolution should enhance the ability of severe convection to
    spread east overnight; therefore, the ongoing 15-percent area has
    been expanded slightly towards the Mississippi Valley.

    Farther north towards the lower Missouri and mid Mississippi
    Valleys, guidance also indicates a possibility for severe
    convection. However, a narrowing moist/warm sector towards the
    primary surface low yields greater uncertainty with the spatial
    placement of such convection during the afternoon/evening. In turn,
    15-percent probabilities have not been expanded northward with this
    cycle, but could be in later updates.

    Beyond D5/Fri, timing of the eastward progression of the trough and
    associated convection remains quite uncertain. Furthermore,
    lessening buoyancy with eastward extent suggests stronger convection
    will likely remain focused near the corridor of greatest deep
    ascent, magnifying concerns regarding temporal uncertainty.
    Subsequently, predictability too low is maintained through the
    remainder of the extended period.

    ..Picca.. 04/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 10, 2018 08:50:49
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Tue Apr 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to highlight continued deepening of the
    upper low/trough as it moves eastward across the Plains Day 4
    (Friday), though differences between the GFS and ECMWF are evident
    -- particularly with respect to the surface frontal advance across Kansas/Texas/Oklahoma.

    At this time, the much faster GFS appears to be the outlier (in
    accordance with its typical bias), as the Canadian and UKMET runs
    also suggest slower frontal progression more similar to that
    depicted by the ECMWF. Given the uncertainties, it remains
    difficult to confidently narrow down the envelope of highest severe
    potential, but will make minor adjustments to the prior outlook
    northward (into central Missouri) and westward (toward the DFW
    Metroplex).

    Otherwise, an area centered over the Arklatex appears to be at risk
    for severe storms, as boundary-layer moistening/strengthening
    southerly flow spread beneath increasing mid-level winds yield an
    amply sheared/unstable warm sector. Along with risk for hail,
    locally damaging winds and potential for a couple of tornadoes will
    be possible during the afternoon and evening.

    By Day 5/Saturday, uncertainties highlighted for Day 4 become
    increasingly apparent. This -- combined with the likelihood for widespread/ongoing convection Saturday morning -- precludes
    confident assessment of severe potential into the
    Mississippi/Ohio/Tennessee Valleys and central Gulf Coast area.

    Predictability concerns linger through the remainder of the medium
    range, as this system shifts into the eastern U.S. and the next
    upper trough shifts into/across the western half of the country.

    ..Goss.. 04/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 11, 2018 08:26:23
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110826
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110825

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 AM CDT Wed Apr 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Variability is evident amongst the latest medium-range model runs,
    particularly with the progression of the front across the Tennessee Valley/central Gulf Coast region Day 4/Saturday. Still, with a
    strong upper system progged to be shifting into the region and
    taking on neutral to slight negative tilt with time, pronounced
    ascent along the front and at least modest CAPE expected from
    roughly the Tennessee Valley southward suggests a band of vigorous
    convection will evolve. Again, timing remains uncertain, but expect
    at least local severe risk -- primarily in the form of damaging
    winds -- to accompany a frontal band of convection as it shifts
    eastward across the area.

    Day 5/Sunday, differences in frontal location/progression persist
    amongst the various models, and with widespread/ongoing clouds and precipitation to accompany the front, uncertainty prevails with
    respect to amount of pre-frontal CAPE which may evolve. Though at
    least low-end severe potential will be possible over the
    Georgia/Florida vicinity with passage of the convective band, will
    refrain from introduction of a 15% area at this time.

    All models suggest that the front will have moved off the entire
    Atlantic Coast by the start of the Day 6/Monday period. Meanwhile
    in the West, the next upper trough is progged to be moving onshore,
    along with an attendant surface front. The system is expected to
    weaken with time through latter stages of the period, as it
    encounters persistent central U.S. ridging. As such, any severe
    risk with the system as it eventually emerges into the Plains late
    in the period remains far too uncertain to forecast at this time.

    ..Goss.. 04/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 12, 2018 08:38:24
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120838
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120836

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0336 AM CDT Thu Apr 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest runs of the medium-range models are exhibiting fairly
    considerable differences from one another with eastward progression
    of an eastern U.S. cold front Day 4/Sunday. The differences in
    handling of synoptic features become even more pronounced beyond, as
    the next Pacific trough enters/crosses the U.S. in the Day 5-8 time
    frame.

    Despite the Day 4 variability in the models, it is apparent that an
    ongoing line/band of storms will progress steadily eastward across
    the Appalachians early in the day, and then continue east across the
    Atlantic Coast states. While warm-sector instability remains a
    substantial uncertainty -- in part due to variability in the speed
    of the frontal advance toward the coast -- the kinematic environment
    will support organized convection. As such, will introduce a 15%
    area extending from parts of Virginia south to Florida, with
    damaging wind likely to be the predominant severe risk until frontal
    convection moves offshore.

    Given the aforementioned/increasing differences amongst model
    solutions Day 5 and beyond, no assessment of severe risk can be
    offered at this time.

    ..Goss.. 04/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 13, 2018 07:58:59
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130758
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130757

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CDT Fri Apr 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale forcing will spread into New England during the day4
    period ahead of a strong short-wave trough that will eject into this
    region. ECMWF is a bit more unstable across southern New England
    than the GFS as a modified warm sector/weak buoyancy advances into
    CT/RI/MA. While thunderstorms may evolve across southern New England
    Monday it appears instability will be too low to warrant 15% severe
    probs.

    Severe threat will remain low through much of the upcoming week as
    higher PW air mass is displaced to very low latitudes. However,
    moisture may begin surging north across TX into the Plains by day8
    if an upper trough progresses into the central/southern Rockies per
    latest medium-range guidance. If this trough evolves as currently
    forecast there may be a need to issue severe probs in later outlooks
    for portions of the southern/central plains.

    ..Darrow.. 04/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 14, 2018 07:40:00
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140739
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140738

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Sat Apr 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range guidance continues to suggest deeper moisture
    will be shunted to very low latitudes over the Gulf of Mexico due to
    frontal penetration early next week. Although modified Gulf air mass
    will advance inland mid week, it appears the probability of
    organized severe thunderstorms will remain low through day6.
    However, a reasonably consistent signal exists among the
    ECMWF/GFS/Canadian guidance regarding the evolution of an upper
    trough as it progresses across the southwestern US toward the High
    Plains late in the week. A substantial increase in moisture is
    expected across the Rio Grande Valley into the TX Panhandle region
    such that dry line convection is expected to develop during the
    afternoon. Strengthening shear profiles would favor potential
    supercells and have introduced 15% severe for this scenario for
    day7.

    ..Darrow.. 04/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 15, 2018 07:49:34
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150749
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150747

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0247 AM CDT Sun Apr 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern continues to suggest substantial drying at low
    latitudes early this week due to strong frontal penetration over the
    Gulf of Mexico. Late-evening guidance suggest moisture/instability
    ahead of mid-week trough will be inadequate for organized severe
    storms. However, a strong upper trough should eject across the
    southwestern US into the southern Rockies Friday. Models are in
    general agreement with this feature in that large-scale
    ascent/stronger flow aloft will affect the southern High Plains
    region day6. Instability is expected to increase across west TX as
    southerly LLJ increases along the northwestern plume of moisture
    surge. It appears organized deep convection will develop along a
    pronounced dry line and within a zone of low-level warm advection.
    Strongly sheared storms support severe probabilities.

    Beyond day6...considerable amount of convective disruption is likely
    across TX if large-scale forcing overspreads the southern Plains as
    currently depicted by ECMWF/GFS/Canadian/UKMET. While some severe
    threat may be noted next weekend too much uncertainty exists to
    include severe probs during the day7-8 time period.

    ..Darrow.. 04/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 16, 2018 07:41:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160741
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160739

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CDT Mon Apr 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe threat should increase across the southern High Plains late
    this week.

    Latest medium-range model guidance continues earlier trends
    regarding the evolution of a strong trough as it migrates across the southwestern US into the southern High Plains day5. Upper ridging
    should shift east allowing modified moisture to begin advancing
    northwest across the Rio Grande Valley Thursday with substantial
    moistening expected into the southern High Plains by Friday. While
    weak convection may develop along the dryline day4, it appears more
    robust thunderstorm activity should evolve Friday when the influence
    of the upper trough spreads into west TX. Substantial height falls
    and strongly diffluent high-level flow should contribute to
    organized thunderstorms that will develop across the southern High
    Plains then propagate east as the LLJ focuses near the I-35 corridor
    early day6. Some severe threat should extend downstream across
    portions of central/eastern TX Saturday. However, will hold off
    introducing 15% severe probs due to some uncertainty in the
    convective influences of Friday's convection and the northward
    extent of higher instability air mass.

    ..Darrow.. 04/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 07:55:37
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170754

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 AM CDT Tue Apr 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Strong upper trough is expected to progress across the southwestern
    US into the southern Rockies by the end of day4 period. This feature
    is a bit slower and farther south than earlier guidance suggested
    and this will influence the northward extent of appreciable air mass recovery/destabilization. Given the low-latitude of this trough it
    appears the greatest buoyancy will be confined to
    southwestern/south-central portions of TX. Have adjusted 15% severe
    probs to account for this evolution Friday. Strong mid-level flow
    will spread into central TX during the day5 period and a
    considerable amount of convection will likely evolve across the
    TX/OK region Friday/Saturday. Convective processes may suppress
    destabilization across north-central TX and severe probabilities
    will reflect that portion of TX where greater buoyancy is expected.

    Beyond day5, mid-level trough is forecast to eject toward the FL
    Peninsula early next week. Too much uncertainty exists regarding air
    mass recovery along the Gulf Coast to warrant severe probs across
    this region.

    ..Darrow.. 04/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 18, 2018 07:52:40
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180752
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180751

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 AM CDT Wed Apr 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper low that ejects across the southwestern US Thursday/Friday
    will begin to slow and deamplify as it approaches the lower MS
    Valley this weekend. Models have trended toward a slower solution
    over the last few days along with weaker air-mass modification
    across TX. Extensive clouds/precip due to strong low-level warm
    advection should limit boundary-layer heating/buoyancy for potential
    robust convection across much of the region. Even so, have opted to
    maintain 15% severe probs across portions of TX for day4 as strong
    deep-layer flow will overspread a modifying warm sector that should
    be adequately buoyant for deep convection. However, if models
    continue to trend toward weaker instability regime then severe probs
    may be lowered in later outlooks.

    Some severe threat could spread along the Gulf Coast toward FL by
    early next week but predictability is necessarily low due to
    deamplifying upper trough and likely weakly buoyant air mass across
    this region.

    ..Darrow.. 04/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 19, 2018 07:31:14
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190731
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190729

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu Apr 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A considerable amount of convection is expected to develop across
    portions of the Gulf States during the day4-5 time period. Latest
    guidance continues to suggest a low-latitude upper trough will eject
    across TX toward the FL Peninsula as substantial mid-level flow
    spreads across the northern Gulf basin, along with weak height
    falls. This scenario supports the potential for significant
    thunderstorm activity over the northern Gulf which would impede
    northward advance of more substantive moisture/instability. Current
    thinking is buoyancy may be limited near the Gulf coast which,
    despite the strengthening shear, may be inadequate for organized
    severe thunderstorms. Will not introduce 15% severe probs along the
    Gulf coast for Sunday/Monday time period for these reasons. Beyond
    day5, severe threat appears low across the CONUS.

    ..Darrow.. 04/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 20, 2018 08:46:48
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Fri Apr 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper low over the Southeast states at the beginning of the extended
    period (12Z D4/Monday) is expected to slowly drift
    northward/northwestward on D4/Monday and D5/Tuesday before
    eventually becoming absorbed into a shortwave trough progressing eastward/southeastward from the Plains into the eastern CONUS on
    D6/Wednesday and D7/Thursday. More northerly trajectory of this
    shortwave trough coupled with only modest moisture return should
    mitigate the severe-weather potential through next week.

    ..Mosier.. 04/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 21, 2018 08:44:24
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sat Apr 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance is in reasonable agreement that upper ridging
    west of the Rockies will persist into next weekend while a series of
    shortwave troughs contribute to broad upper troughing across the
    central and eastern CONUS. This will result in generally
    above-average temperatures along and west of the Rockies while
    below-average temperatures exist elsewhere. There is some potential
    for a cold front resulting from one of the shortwave troughs to
    interact with a moderately moist and unstable airmass supportive of
    strong thunderstorms. However, low consistency within the guidance
    currently precludes much confidence in that scenario.

    ..Mosier.. 04/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 22, 2018 08:44:54
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Sun Apr 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Most recent medium-range guidance begins to diverge early in the
    extended period with the active pattern across the central and
    eastern CONUS likely contributing to the run-to-run and
    model-to-model inconsistencies. Even with the various solutions
    offered, none of the guidance suggests widespread severe
    thunderstorms for any day in the extended period.

    ..Mosier.. 04/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 23, 2018 08:16:01
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230815
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230814

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0314 AM CDT Mon Apr 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance is in better agreement regarding the
    large-scale upper pattern through the weekend. General consensus is
    for an eastward progression of both the mean upper trough covering
    the central and eastern CONUS at the beginning of the period (i.e.
    12Z Thursday) and the western CONUS ridging. Once this occurs, the
    upper pattern will become more favorable for moisture return across
    the Plains and MS Valley. Most recent model suite shows decent
    moisture return beginning across the Plains on D7/Sunday and
    D8/Monday. However, forecast confidence is low given the significant
    run-to-run and model-to-model consistency within the guidance noted
    over the past few runs.

    ..Mosier.. 04/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 24, 2018 06:55:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240654
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240653

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CDT Tue Apr 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that a synoptic upper trough will dominate the
    eastern U.S. through day 5 (Saturday) before moving off the eastern
    seaboard Sunday (day 6). Moisture return inland will remain limited
    into day 6 with a large area of continental-polar high pressure
    moving through the eastern states maintaining offshore flow and dry trajectories over the Gulf. Richer low-level moisture will begin
    advecting farther into the Plains by day 7 as the Gulf boundary
    layer recovers and winds return to southerly in wake of the area of
    surface high pressure. However, spread in the 500 mb pattern among
    ensemble members increases substantially beyond day 6 suggesting low predictability.

    ..Dial.. 04/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 26, 2018 08:59:13
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Thu Apr 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models have trended toward better agreement regarding evolution of
    overall synoptic-scale pattern through day 7. A large-scale trough
    over the western states will continue to evolve days 4-5. Return of
    more substantial moisture through the Plains should occur later day
    5 (Monday) into day 6 as winds over the western Gulf veer to
    southerly in wake of a large area of continental-polar high
    pressure. Model consensus is that by day 6 (Tuesday) the western
    trough will have taken on a positive tilt, while a series of
    vorticity maxima eject northeast through the broad fetch of
    southwesterly flow established over the plains. Plume of steep
    mid-level lapse rates will advect into the central and southern
    Plains above the moistening boundary layer contributing to moderate
    to potentially strong instability, but also capping issues along the
    dryline due to the warm elevated mixed layer. Greatest confidence in
    storm initiation day 6 will be from triple point across north
    central KS northeast along cold front into the upper MS Valley
    region. However, isolated severe storms will be possible farther
    south along dryline. By day 7 consensus is that a more substantial
    shortwave trough will rotate through base of the synoptic trough and
    into the southern and central Plains, suggesting a greater coverage
    of severe storms along dryline.

    ..Dial.. 04/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 27, 2018 08:47:13
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270847
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Fri Apr 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A leading shortwave trough will move from CO/NM into the central
    Plains during the day on Monday/D4, then toward the upper MS Valley
    overnight as it loses amplitude. Low pressure will deepen over
    northeast CO, and will translate northeastward along a front into
    central SD and western MN. Southerly winds will transport moisture
    northward across the Plains, with dewpoints largely in the mid to
    upper 50s F from KS into MN. Meanwhile, a quasi-stationary dryline
    will exist across western KS into the eastern TX Panhandle during
    the day with dewpoints approaching 60 F. The most likely area for
    concentrated storms will be from NE into SD near the low track and
    supported by a strong low-level jet during the evening. However,
    isolated severe storms, including supercells, are anticipated near
    the dryline as strong heating will occur with at least a narrow zone
    of uncapped air. Given wind profiles strongly supportive of
    supercells, a conditional 15% severe probability is warranted
    despite uncertainty/coverage.

    On Tuesday/D5, heights will rise across the central Plains as a
    larger-scale upper trough amplifies across the Southwest, and in the
    wake of the departing upper MS Valley wave. A few severe storms
    cannot be ruled out across MN into WI, but instability will be
    marginal. Southerly winds will continue across the Plains, featuring
    a more robust moisture return with mid 60s F dewpoints into OK and
    then KS late, and uppers 60s to near 70 F into central TX. Even
    through instability will be greater, the area will be in between
    waves, which typically results in very isolated daytime activity,
    and a greater degree of nocturnal storms associated with warm
    advection. The area from northern KS into southern NE, southwest IA,
    and northwest MO appears to have the greatest threat of
    evening/overnight storms, and instability may be strong enough for a
    few daytime cells, and/or an MCS.

    On Wednesday/D6, the severe threat should be more widespread as the
    main upper trough moves into the Plains. Low-level moisture will be
    firmly established with mid to upper 60s F dewpoints east of a
    dryline extending from western KS into northwest TX by late
    afternoon, with a warm front/outflow somewhere across northern KS or
    southern NE. Early day storms will likely play a role in the severe
    setup, both in terms of air mass quality for northern areas, and
    possible outflow boundaries. Models do hint at storms forming
    relatively early across KS, with more of a diurnal threat along the
    dryline. Wind profiles will favor supercells in all areas, but storm
    mode may be more complex away from the dryline. A few tornadoes,
    damaging wind, and large hail are all possible. This severe area for Wednesday/D6 will likely be adjusted spatially in the coming days.

    ..Jewell.. 04/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 28, 2018 08:27:50
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280827
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280826

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CDT Sat Apr 28 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in relatively good agreement for the D4-D6 period with
    the evolution of an upper trough as it moves from the southwestern
    states across the Plains.

    On Tuesday/D4, the main upper jet energy will be located over
    northern Baja CA, with a broad belt of moderate southwest flow aloft
    across the Plains. Some height rises will occur over the Plains as
    this western trough digs, but small perturbations within the flow
    may exist. Low pressure is forecast to exist along the CO/KS border
    during the afternoon, with a dryline from central KS across western
    OK and into west-central TX. Low-level moisture will be greater than
    on the previous day, with mid 60s F dewpoints across OK, and upper
    60s F south of the Red River. Lowers 60s F will exist farther
    northward toward the upper MS Valley, where a secondary low will
    exist near the MN Arrowhead. Strong heating will occur west of the
    dryline, with a plume of low-level lapse rates expanding northeast
    into eastern NE/western IA. Storms are likely to form along the
    front over NE and IA, in the form of supercells and/or an eventual
    MCS, then moving across northeast KS and northwest MO. Severe wind,
    hail, and a few tornadoes will be possible. Farther south, a
    conditional threat will exist along the dryline. Wind profiles will
    clearly favor supercells, but rising heights late in the day and a
    retreating dryline suggest a less than favorable large-scale
    environment. Still, isolated cells are expected with large hail and
    perhaps a tornado or two.

    On Wednesday/D5, cooling aloft along with strong winds will emerge
    into the southern and central Plains. A dryline will extend from a
    southwest KS low across western OK into west-central TX, with upper
    60s F dewpoints. Meanwhile, the synoptic front may be reinforced by
    outflow across northeast KS and northwest MO. Strong instability
    will exist across the warm sector with MUCAPE of 2000-3000 J/kg from
    TX into OK and southern KS. Timing of storms in KS is in question
    due to possible outflow, and some models suggest midday activity is
    possible. However, the greatest threat will be from the low
    southward along the dryline, from KS into OK, where a few tornadic
    supercells are expected, along with very large hail supported by
    steep lapse rates aloft and robust boundary layer moisture. Some
    tornadoes may be strong, although forecast hodographs do vary among
    the models.

    By Thursday/D6, the upper trough will lose amplitude and take on a
    positive tilt, with strong flow aloft extending from the southern
    High Plains toward the Mid and Upper MS Valley. At the surface, the
    front is expected to extend from northern MO across central OK into
    central TX, however, much uncertainty exists due to the possibility
    of widespread thunderstorms that could accelerate the front and
    scour the air mass. Thus, while some severe threat may persist into
    D6, predictability is too low to attempt a severe area. Storms will
    likely continue in some fashion across TX into the lower MS Valley
    on D7, likely with a lesser severe threat than on previous days.

    ..Jewell.. 04/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 29, 2018 08:56:55
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Sun Apr 29 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Wednesday/D4, an upper trough will progress across the Four
    Corners states, with a belt of 60-70 kt midlevel flow and cooling
    aloft spreading into the southern and central Plains during the day.
    Meanwhile, low pressure will deepen over southeast CO, with a
    dryline from southwest KS across western OK and into northwest TX.
    To the north, a quasi-stationary front will extend from central KS
    into central IA and southern WI. Southerly winds will bring rich
    boundary-layer moisture northward across TX, OK, and into southern
    KS, with 65-70 F dewpoints over TX and OK.

    Thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing in a warm advection regime
    from eastern NE into northern MO, aided by a 50 kt low-level jet.
    This activity may reinforce the boundary, and or shift it a bit
    south. Precipitation by the models contain quite a bit of variance,
    with some models showing storms forming around 18Z over KS. Some of
    this may be an artifact of steep lapse rates aloft combined with
    moist mid to upper level profiles. In any case, high clouds may be a
    concern regarding heating as forecast soundings have consistently
    shown substantial high cloud potential. Still, 2000-3000 J/kg MUCAPE
    is expected across the warm sector due to robust low-level moisture
    and steep lapse rates aloft. Shear profiles will strongly favor
    supercells, including the threat of tornadoes and very large hail.
    ECMWF hodographs depict large streamwise vorticity in the lowest 1km
    with significant tornado potential across the 30% area. Storms
    should focus along the dryline and also the front/outflow across KS.
    Other severe storms are expected during the evening across
    west-central TX where a southeasterly low-level jet will exist bring
    moisture westward where temperatures aloft will be cool. Hail and
    wind is most likely there.

    For Thursday/D5, the upper trough will become more positively
    tilted, with strong flow aloft from TX to the Great Lakes. The
    surface front should somewhere from central TX into the upper MS
    Valley, but widespread areas of rain and storms make focusing a
    severe area difficult at this time, but anywhere along the length of
    the front may experience a severe threat, although lesser than on
    D4.

    ..Jewell.. 04/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 30, 2018 08:35:56
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300835
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CDT Mon Apr 30 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough will move from the central Plains toward the
    Upper Great Lakes on Thursday/D4, losing amplitude. While the main
    jet streak will move across eastern KS into MO and IA, substantial
    upper-level flow will remain into the southern Plains. At the
    surface, low pressure is forecast to move from KS toward Lake
    Michigan through the period, tracking along stationary front. To the
    south, a front, possibly pushed along by existing storm outflow, may
    stretch roughly from northern TX into MO. While substantial moisture
    will exist ahead of this system, and thunderstorms may be numerous, predictability for severe is currently too low given the likelihood
    of antecedent storms and questions regarding what the air mass will
    look like this far out. The most likely areas to be upgraded include
    parts of IA and northern MO, and central into northeast TX.

    Through the remainder of the D4-D8 period, organized severe weather
    is not expected as high pressure builds east of the MS river and
    shunts much of the moist air mass offshore.

    ..Jewell.. 04/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 01, 2018 08:24:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 010824
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010823

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0323 AM CDT Tue May 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some severe potential may persist on D4/Friday, primarily near a
    front slowly progressing south across Texas, the Ozarks, and the
    lower Ohio Valley. A reservoir of modest residual buoyancy ahead of
    the boundary may support at least a few stronger storms during the
    day. However, weak low-level flow and the eastward departure of
    stronger forcing for ascent should limit the overall threat. Some
    severe probabilities will likely be warranted in future outlooks,
    though.

    Thereafter, weakening tropospheric flow across much of the country
    will likely combine with very limited moisture return to keep severe
    potential low through early next week.

    ..Picca.. 05/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 02, 2018 08:20:04
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020819
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020818

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0318 AM CDT Wed May 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    As northwesterly mid-level flow establishes over the central US this
    weekend, a southward-sagging surface front should push richer
    boundary-layer moisture offshore. Medium-range guidance also
    suggests that northward return of a broad/rich warm sector is
    unlikely through the extended period. Except for the passage of
    occasional impulses in northwesterly flow, mid-level winds will be
    modest as well, suggesting the potential for any widespread
    convective organization is questionable/low. Therefore, although
    pockets of locally stronger storms may materialize in the extended,
    the potential for organized severe weather appears low.

    ..Picca.. 05/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 03, 2018 07:33:09
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 030733
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030731

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Thu May 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Mid-level flow will weaken considerably across much of the
    contiguous US through early next week, owing to a relaxation of the
    large-scale height gradient and departure of the polar jet into
    Canada. Additionally, there will likely be a lack of focused
    large-scale ascent over the Plains into early next week, thereby
    limiting substantial poleward moisture return. In turn, the severe
    weather potential is expected to be low through at least D6/Tuesday. Thereafter, gradually increasing boundary-layer moisture east of the
    Rockies may combine with a passing shortwave trough to generate a
    few strong/severe storms over parts of the Plains and Mississippi
    Valley. Accordingly, "Low Predictability" has been introduced for D7/Wednesday-D8/Thursday. However, even this severe potential
    appears rather limited.

    ..Picca.. 05/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 04, 2018 09:01:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 040901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Fri May 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 to Wednesday/Day 6...
    The medium range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian
    move an upper-level trough across the eastern U.S. on Monday. At the
    surface, a large area of high pressure is forecast to dominate
    across the eastern half of the CONUS limiting moisture return. A
    shortwave trough is forecast to move across the northern Rockies.
    Thunderstorm development will be possible ahead of this feature
    Monday afternoon. The models are relatively consistent moving the
    shortwave trough into the central and northern Plains on Tuesday
    with weak moisture return taking place across much of the Great
    Plains. Some instability is forecast to develop across the mid
    Missouri Valley and northern Plains Tuesday afternoon where
    thunderstorm development will be possible. An isolated severe threat
    can not be ruled out there Tuesday afternoon and evening. The models
    remain consistent on Wednesday, moving the upper-level trough into
    western portions of the Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorms will again
    be possible near and ahead of the trough Wednesday afternoon. If
    moderate instability can develop across parts of the lower Missouri
    Valley and mid Mississippi Valley, then a severe threat would be
    possible from late Wednesday afternoon into the evening.

    ...Thursday/Day 7 and Friday/Day 8...
    Model solutions diverge on Thursday as the upper-level trough moves
    into the eastern U.S. The ECMWF develops an upper-level ridge across
    the Great Plains while the GFS maintains west-northwest mid-level
    flow. The ECMWF is much weaker with moisture return across the Great
    Plains. The differences in solutions adds a lot of uncertainty on
    Thursday. If the GFS solutions works out, then severe storms would
    be possible in the central and northern Plains. On Friday, the
    models are very different with the GFS moving a shortwave trough
    into the mid Mississippi Valley while the ECMWF shows an upper-level
    ridge in the central states. For this reason, uncertainty is
    substantial on Friday.

    ..Broyles.. 05/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 05, 2018 08:52:45
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Sat May 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 to Thursday/Day 6...
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET, Canadian
    and Parallel FV3 solutions are all fairly close on Tuesday, moving
    an upper-level trough eastward into the Carolinas. Thunderstorm
    development will be possible Tuesday afternoon near the trough along
    the southern Atlantic Seaboard. Thunderstorms will also be possible
    in parts of the central and northern Plains on Tuesday as a
    shortwave trough moves across that region. The models vary on how
    unstable the airmass will be across the central and northern Plains
    with the GFS being the most aggressive. Under the GFS scenario, an
    isolated severe threat would be possible across parts of Nebraska
    and southern South Dakota. The models remain in reasonable agreement
    on Wednesday moving the upper-level trough into the lower Missouri
    and upper Mississippi Valleys. The GFS is again aggressive with
    instability but deep-layer shear is forecast to be marginal for
    organized severe storms. If the GFS solutions is close, then there
    could be just enough instability and shear for a severe threat
    across parts of the region Wednesday afternoon. On Thursday, all the
    models listed above except for the Canadian, move the upper-level
    trough into the central Appalachians. Thunderstorm development will
    again be possible near the upper-level trough during the afternoon. Predictability remains too low during the Tuesday to Thursday
    time-frame to add a 15 percent contour.

    ...Friday/Day 7 and Saturday/Day 8...
    Model solutions diverge in their solutions on Friday. The ECMWF
    shows a low amplitude upper-level ridge in the Mississippi Valley
    while the GFS has west northwest mid-level flow over the northern
    U.S. Thunderstorm development would be possible across parts of the
    central U.S. along the northern edge of the warm sector but model
    differences introduce considerable uncertainty. On Saturday, the
    models are again very different suggesting uncertainty is high on
    Saturday.

    ..Broyles.. 05/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 06, 2018 08:58:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525597134-23415-5603
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Sun May 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 to Friday/Day 6...
    The ECMWF, GFS, Canadian and UKMET models are in general agreement
    for Wednesday, moving an upper-level trough into the mid Mississippi
    Valley. Surface dewpoints ahead of the trough are forecast to be in
    the 60s F. As surface temperatures warm during the day, a pocket of
    moderate instability may develop across the mid Mississippi Valley
    by afternoon. This combined with 30 to 40 kt of deep-layer shear
    should be enough for an isolated severe threat from parts of
    Missouri into Illinois and western Kentucky where a 15 percent
    contour has been added. On Thursday and Friday, the medium-range
    models move the upper-level trough eastward into the Northeast and
    off the Atlantic Coast. The models suggest a front will be located
    from the north-central U.S. into the Ohio Valley. This would be the
    favored corridor for thunderstorm development each afternoon, along
    which an isolated severe threat can not be ruled out. Any severe
    threat would depend upon the timing of shortwave troughs and the
    magnitude of destabilization.

    ...Saturday/Day 7 to Sunday/Day 8...
    On Saturday, the models suggest that an upper-level trough will be
    located in the western U.S. with west to southwest mid-level flow
    over the central and northeastern states. The ECMWF shows a corridor
    of maximized low-level moisture from the lower Mississippi Valley
    into the upper Ohio Valley while the GFS has the moist sector
    further west. Severe thunderstorms will be possible Saturday
    afternoon along the northern edge of the moist sector where
    mid-level flow is forecast to be stronger. The models vary
    considerably on how far north the moist sector will be on Saturday.
    On Sunday, the models move the upper-level trough across the Rockies
    and maintain west to southwest mid-level flow from the Mississippi
    Valley eastward. The models suggest a front could be located from
    the southern Plains extending northeastward to the Ohio Valley.
    Severe thunderstorms would be possible along the boundary where the
    greatest instability develops Sunday afternoon. However, uncertainty
    is considerable at this range in the forecast period.

    ..Broyles.. 05/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 07, 2018 08:57:23
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525683451-23415-5852
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Mon May 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 6...
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian
    solutions show westerly mid-level flow across the north-central U.S.
    on Thursday. The models suggest a slow moving front will be located
    from the central Plains into the Ohio Valley, along which
    thunderstorm development may take place in the afternoon. The models
    vary considerably on how much instability will be in place along the
    front suggesting uncertainty exists on whether a severe threat can
    develop. On Friday, the models develop an upper-level trough in the
    western U.S. and show southwest mid-level flow across the Great
    Plains. The front is forecast to remain in the same general area
    again suggesting that thunderstorm development will be focused from
    the central Plains eastward to the Ohio Valley. A severe threat
    could occur but will again depend upon where instability becomes the
    strongest but a lot of the area south of the front could be capped.
    On Saturday, the GFS and ECMWF are in good agreement with an
    upper-level trough in the Four Corners region. The models maintain
    southwest mid-level flow across the central U.S. and move a cold
    front southeastward into the central Plains. A severe threat could
    occur along portions of the front Saturday afternoon and evening but
    will depend upon mesoscale factors.

    ...Sunday/Day 7 and Monday/Day 8...
    On Sunday, the ECMWF and GFS solutions move the upper-level trough
    across the Great Plains and show the moist sector in the lower to
    mid Mississippi Valley. The front is forecast to move into the
    southern Plains and mid Mississippi Valley along which thunderstorms
    will be possible Sunday afternoon. A severe threat will be possible
    along portions of the front. The upper-level trough is forecast to
    move into the Mississippi Valley on Monday. Thunderstorms would be
    possible along the front once again but uncertainty at this range in
    the forecast period is substantial.

    ..Broyles.. 05/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 08, 2018 08:10:03
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525767008-23415-6057
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080809
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080808

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0308 AM CDT Tue May 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 to Sunday/Day 6...
    The ECMWF, GFS, UKMET, Canadian and Parallel FV3 are all in
    reasonable agreement on Friday with an upper-level trough in the
    western states and southwest mid-level flow in the central U.S. The
    ECMWF, GFS and Parallel FV3 show a pocket of instability with
    moderate deep-layer shear located in the central Plains on Friday
    afternoon. In spite of weak large-scale ascent, a few severe storms
    could develop along a cold front in the central Plains during the
    late afternoon and early evening. For Saturday, the medium-range
    models develop an upper-level ridge in the central Plains and show
    zonal mid-level flow across the eastern third of the U.S. A severe
    threat would be possible with thunderstorms that can develop
    Saturday afternoon along a front. The front is forecast to be
    located from the mid Missouri Valley into the southern Great Lakes
    region. The ECMWF, GFS and FV3 move this front southward into the
    central Plains and mid Mississippi Valley on Sunday but show the
    upper-level ridge across the central states. If thunderstorms can
    develop further east along the front from the Ohio Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic Sunday afternoon, then a severe threat would be
    possible. Overall, confidence in the models from Friday to Sunday
    concerning the exact location of the front and instability is too
    small to add a 15 percent contour.

    ...Monday/Day 7 to Tuesday/Day 8...
    On Monday, the medium-range models diverge in their solutions but
    suggest that an upper-level ridge will continue to move across the north-central U.S. with an upper-level trough in the west. The ECMWF
    and GFS suggest that a corridor of moderate instability and
    deep-layer shear may develop in west Texas where a severe threat
    would be possible during the late afternoon. Confidence in this
    scenario is low. Limited confidence continues into Tuesday due to a
    larger spread in model solutions. A general idea for Tuesday is that thunderstorm development will be possible in parts of the central
    U.S. as an upper-level trough moves into the region.

    ..Broyles.. 05/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 09, 2018 08:14:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 090814
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090813

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0313 AM CDT Wed May 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 6...
    The ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian solutions are in reasonable
    agreement on Saturday with an upper-level low in the western states
    and an upper-level ridge in the Great Plains. At the surface, a
    moist airmass is forecast from the lower to mid Mississippi Valley
    westward into the southern and central Plains. A severe threat could
    develop in the central Plains Saturday night along northern portions
    of the moist sector. However, a capping inversion introduces
    uncertainty concerning convective coverage and spatial extent. On
    Sunday, the upper-level ridge is forecast to amplify in the central
    U.S. The four solutions do show a front extending from the central
    Plains into the Ohio Valley. This would be the favored corridor for
    severe thunderstorm development Sunday afternoon and evening. On
    Monday, the models diverge in their solutions. The ECMWF maintains
    the upper-level ridge in the north-central states and places the
    front from northern parts of the central Plains to the Ohio Valley.
    This again would be the favored corridor for severe thunderstorm
    development Monday afternoon and evening. At this point, the
    upper-level ridge in the central U.S. along with uncertainty
    concerning a capping inversion makes predictability too low to add a
    15 percent contour from Saturday into Monday.

    ...Tuesday/Day 7 and Wednesday/Day 8...
    On Tuesday, solutions continue to diverge introducing a large amount
    of uncertainty concerning the mid to upper-level pattern. At the
    surface, the models suggest that a moist airmass could be located
    from the mid Mississippi Valley into the Ohio Valley where a severe
    threat would be possible. On Wednesday, confidence is very low due
    to the wide spread of solutions.

    ..Broyles.. 05/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 10, 2018 08:59:07
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525942754-23415-6480
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Thu May 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 and Monday/Day 5...
    Moderate southwesterly mid-level flow will remain in place across
    the central/southern High Plains with a predominant westerly flow
    from the Midwest/OH Valley to New England. A continued increase in
    low-level moisture beneath steep mid-level lapse rates should
    contribute to substantial surface-based instability Monday and
    Tuesday afternoon east of a dryline across West TX/western OK, and
    in the vicinity of a quasi-stationary front from the WY/CO Front
    Range/central High Plains east to the central Appalachians. Some
    risk for severe storms will likely exist in the vicinity of the
    front and east of the dryline, but confidence in specifying 15
    percent or greater areas with this outlook remains low due to
    uncertainties regarding the positions of these surface features,
    degree of convective inhibition, and possible effects of antecedent
    convection.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 and beyond...
    Generally weakening flow aloft and differences among extended-range
    guidance results in continued low predictability towards the later
    portion of the outlook period.

    ..Bunting.. 05/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 11, 2018 08:55:11
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526028913-23415-7061
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Fri May 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Blocking within the mid-latitude westerlies may persist near the
    U.S. Pacific coast into the early portion of next week, with
    seasonably strong mid/upper flow largely confined to a broad northwesterly/westerly belt across Canada and adjacent portions of
    the U.S. Northeast. This appears likely to remain generally
    displaced to the north/northeast of a residual plume of steep
    lower/mid tropospheric lapse rates associated with elevated
    mixed-layer air, which may continue to allow for moderate to strong
    daytime boundary layer destabilization across parts of the central
    Plains into the Ohio Valley. While potential instability may
    contribute to areas with at least some risk for strong/severe
    thunderstorm development on a daily basis, there is little evident
    in model output to suggest an appreciable risk for a regional type
    severe weather event at this time. Increasing model discrepancies
    concerning pattern developments into the middle to latter portion of
    next week contributes to the maintenance of severe probabilities at
    less than 15 percent through this period.

    ..Kerr.. 05/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 23, 2018 08:00:23
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 230800
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230758

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 AM CDT Sat Jun 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper low will move from the upper MS Valley on Tue/D4
    northeastward across the Great Lakes through Wed/D5, and will exit
    the Northeast by Thu/D6. Meanwhile, fast zonal flow will remain over
    the northern Plains and Rockies, with a gradual return to an upper
    trough over the Northwest for Thu/D6-Sat/D8 and an upper high over
    the East.

    Moisture and instability will gradually build through the period
    from the upper MS Valley eastward, and this will likely fuel bouts
    of strong to severe storms. The most likely are for severe weather
    at this time appears to be across the northern Plains on Thu/D6,
    from the Dakotas into MN, in association with a strong warm
    advection pattern. However, predictability is currently too low for
    this type of scenario.

    ..Jewell.. 06/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 30, 2018 09:01:21
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1530349283-38885-3584
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Sat Jun 30 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that general trend will be for a subtropical
    upper ridge to build across much of the U.S. during the 4-8 period,
    limiting belt of stronger winds aloft to the northern tier states.
    Some threat for severe storms will probably exist day 4 (Tuesday)
    over the northern Plains as a shortwave trough ejects northeast
    through eastern MT and northwest ND, with threat continuing into day
    5 (Wednesday) over MN along the trailing cold front. However,
    tendency will be for the stronger forcing and stronger winds aloft
    accompanying this feature to remain north of the warm sector. This
    along with potential for antecedent storms/clouds lowers overall
    predictability at this time. This same shortwave trough is forecast
    to amplify as it turns southeast through southeast Canada and the
    northeast States by day 7 (Friday) where the severe threat may
    increase along and ahead of the accompanying cold front.

    ..Dial.. 06/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 09, 2018 08:40:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1528533659-1857-12440
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CDT Sat Jun 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that upper pattern will be dominated by belt of
    stronger westerlies across the northern tier states with an upper
    ridge suppressed to the southern Plains on days 4-6. Beyond day 6
    model spreads increase substantially.

    For Tuesday (day 4) a shortwave trough will continue east into the
    Great Lakes region while cold front advances southeast into the OH
    Valley with trailing portion likely to stall or retreat as a warm
    front across KS. Some severe threat may exist with storms that may
    develop along OH Valley portion of the front, but likelihood of
    ongoing storms and tendency for the warm sector to remain south of
    the stronger winds aloft lowers confidence in an organized severe
    threat in that region. Farther west some risk for severe storms may
    exist from eastern CO into western KS where a few storms might
    develop in evolving upslope and warm advection regimes north of the
    warm front, but confidence is not sufficiently high to introduce a
    categorical risk area at this time.

    By day 5, the warm front will advance north to within belt of
    stronger winds aloft across NE where storms may develop primarily
    within the warm advection regime on cool side of this boundary, and
    at least a modest severe threat may exist with this activity.

    ..Dial.. 06/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 16, 2018 08:57:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1529139474-1857-16697
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Sat Jun 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The large-scale pattern during the Day 4 through 8 time frame will
    consist of persistent upper-level high pressure across much of the
    southern CONUS, and weakening of the Great Basin upper low early in
    the period as it moves east. A surface frontal boundary will remain established generally from the mid-Atlantic region west into the central/northern Plains, with abundant low-level moisture along and
    south of the front. Extended-range guidance varies on the location
    and amplitude of the upper low as it moves east, suggesting low
    predictability for areas of better deep shear to support organized
    severe storms. Although severe storms will be possible each day,
    confidence in 15% daily thresholds remains too low with this
    outlook.

    ..Bunting.. 06/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 12, 2018 08:43:45
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526114629-23415-7423
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sat May 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Although a more prominent blocking pattern centered near the U.S.
    Pacific coast may weaken by the middle of the coming work week,
    models indicate that the westerlies emanating from the Pacific will
    remain split through this period. In the mean, larger-scale ridging
    is currently forecast to be a prevailing feature within the northern
    branch, across western Canada and the northwestern U.S., while
    southern branch troughing prevails across the Southwest. East of
    the Rockies, southern branch ridging is expected to generally
    prevail from the central/southern Plains into the Mid Atlantic, to
    the south of broad northern branch troughing.

    At the same time, models do indicate that the remnants of a closed
    low evolving within the subtropical westerlies will migrate inland
    of the Gulf Coast, before continuing northward around the western
    periphery of a subtropical high centered off the south Atlantic
    coast, and eventually becoming absorbed within the mid-latitude
    westerlies. Coinciding with this development, steeper mid-level
    lapse rates associated with elevated mixed-layer air may become
    confined to portions of the southern Plains during the middle to
    latter portion of next week. It also appears that the return of
    seasonably high boundary-layer moisture content off the Gulf of
    Mexico will continue to be hindered into at least early next
    weekend. This currently seems likely to be a significant limiting
    factor to any severe weather potential across the central/southern
    Plains, which could accompany a short wave impulse emerging from the larger-scale Southwestern troughing next Friday/Saturday.

    ..Kerr.. 05/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 19, 2018 07:53:43
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190753
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190752

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 AM CDT Sat May 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern is not expected to change appreciably during the medium-range period. Although seasonally low deep-layer shear will
    contribute to below average predictability across the nation, much
    of the CONUS east of the Rockies should experience sufficient
    buoyancy for isolated-scattered convection that at times may produce
    gusty winds/hail. Any short-wave troughs/disturbances that migrate
    across the country, within the weak flow regime, could induce
    convection but predictability will remain too low to outlook an area
    this period.

    ..Darrow.. 05/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 26, 2018 08:46:49
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Sat May 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models appear to be in reasonable agreement through
    roughly Day 6 (Thursday), after which consistency in solutions to
    significantly diverge/degenerate through the end of the period.

    Initially, northeastward ejection and concurrent weakening of the
    former western U.S. trough is expected to continue, as it shifts
    into/across the northern and central Plains Day 4 (Tuesday), and
    then eastward into the Midwest/Great Lakes Day 5 (Wednesday) -- when
    a progged merging with the remnants of Alberto is indicated.

    Meanwhile farther west, troughing is progged to dig southeastward
    out of the northeast Pacific and become re-established across the
    western U.S. Tuesday and Wednesday. As this occurs, downstream
    ridging should amplify over the central U.S. in response, in the
    wake of the eastward-progressing Alberto/mid-latitude-trough merger.
    Beyond Day 6, evolution -- and possible eastward ejection -- of the
    new western U.S. trough becomes variable/uncertain amongst various
    models, and thus forecast confidence wanes beyond midweek.

    Some severe risk will likely exist Day 4 across the northern and
    central Plains, ahead of the ejecting western feature and associated
    advance of a weak cold front. However, with multiple days of
    potentially widespread intervening convection across the north
    central U.S., uncertainties preclude highlighting a risk area at
    this juncture. Days 5-6, the merging of the upper trough with
    remnants of Alberto cast additional uncertainty into the convective
    forecast, and thus once again will defer until later outlooks to
    give a more confident assessment of severe potential into the Great
    Lakes/Ohio Valley areas.

    ..Goss.. 05/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 02, 2018 08:39:20
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020837

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0337 AM CDT Sat Jun 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The primary focus for the extended period will be centered on
    shortwave troughs cresting the top of an amplifying ridge over the
    Plains states. As these perturbations cross the northern Plains and
    upper Midwest, they will provide some focus for strong/severe
    convective development, with the most likely period being
    D4/Tue-D5/Wed, primarily from North Dakota to the upper Mississippi
    Valley. A relatively narrow reservoir of adequate
    moisture/instability will likely have returned to the region ahead
    of these systems, offering some potential for damaging winds and
    large hail. Despite this potential, no highlights are introduced,
    owing to deterministic/ensemble guidance exhibiting considerable
    uncertainty with regards to the amplitude/timing of individual
    impulses cresting the ridge. In turn, the most likely zone for
    severe convection remains too nebulous/broad at present.

    After D5/Wed, pockets of severe convection will remain possible from
    parts of the central/northern Plains to the Midwest and
    Mid-Atlantic. However, these areas will likely be focused by subtle
    impulses that lack adequate predictability for highlights in the
    extended range.

    ..Picca.. 06/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 22, 2018 08:53:17
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Fri Jun 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper low is forecast to move from the northern Plains on Mon/D4
    across the Great Lakes by Wed/D6, with an upper ridge building over
    the central U.S. on D7 and D8. A very moist air mass will spread
    northward ahead of the low, with widespread thunderstorms from the
    mid MO Valley toward the Great Lakes for the D4-D6 period. While
    there is some severe potential, predictability is low given ongoing
    rain through the period.

    For D6-D8, as the upper ridge builds, extreme instability is
    forecast to build over the mid MO and upper MS Valleys, and over
    parts of the northern Plains. In this warm advection pattern,
    nocturnal MCSs will be possible, with the potential for damaging
    winds. However, predictability is quite low.

    ..Jewell.. 06/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 29, 2018 08:03:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290803
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290801

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0301 AM CDT Fri Jun 29 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that a subtropical upper ridge will build across
    much of the U.S. during the day 4-8 period, limiting belt of
    stronger winds aloft to the northern Northern Plains and upper MS
    Valley region. Richer low-level moisture should return to portions
    of the northern Plains by day 5. While low-amplitude impulses will
    move through northern periphery of the building upper ridge,
    possibly augmenting storm coverage and severe potential on some
    days, predictability related to severe threat is low in this regime.

    ..Dial.. 06/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 15, 2018 09:02:21
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Fri Jun 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The broad upper low over the Great Basin will gradually weaken while
    moving little during the Day 4-8 time frame, and an upper-level
    anticyclone will remain established over the southeast U.S. Severe thunderstorms will likely accompany a cold front early in the period
    from portions of the Great Lakes/OH Valley into the central Plains,
    but confidence in outlining a 15% daily coverage remains low due to
    the effects of intervening convection and weakening mid-level flow.
    Thereafter, extended-range guidance shows considerable variability
    in the evolution of surface and upper-level features, resulting in
    continued low confidence in outlining daily risk areas.

    ..Bunting.. 06/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 25, 2018 08:33:41
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250833
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250832

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0332 AM CDT Fri May 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A rather weak/slowly progressive flow pattern aloft will continue
    across the U.S. this period. An upper low over the interior West
    will gradually be kicked northeastward (weakening with time as it
    impinges on a central U.S. ridge) by a second trough forecast to dig southeastward out of the Gulf of Alaska vicinity and then stall in
    the vicinity of the West Coast.

    Some severe risk -- though likely somewhat limited -- should exist
    over the north central U.S. as the western low ejects slowly
    northeastward across the northern Plains, particularly should the
    slightly stronger ECMWF depiction of the ejection of this feature
    evolution prove more correct. Still, risk appears too
    limited/uncertain to introduce any Day 4-5 severe areas at this
    time. Elsewhere, uncertain pattern evolution is evident east of the
    Rockies -- as a result of inconsistent handling of the remnants of
    the tropical/sub-tropical feature now over the Gulf, as it drifts
    northward and eventually gets picked up by the mid-latitude
    westerlies. Given the relatively weak, and significantly uncertain
    pattern that is evident, no areas of potentially enhanced severe
    risk will be highlighted in this outlook.

    ..Goss.. 05/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 01, 2018 08:32:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010832
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010830

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0330 AM CDT Fri Jun 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    With the southward surge of a front across the Mississippi Valley
    and Southeast this weekend, rich sub-tropical moisture will be
    shunted towards the Gulf Coast through early next week.
    Additionally, a mid-level ridge will amplify considerably over the
    Desert Southwest and southern/central Plains next week. The surface
    response will feature expansive ridging over much of the eastern US,
    such that any substantial moisture return will be limited to a
    narrow corridor over parts of the Plains for much of the upcoming
    week. Furthermore, the building ridge aloft will force stronger
    westerlies northward towards the Canadian border. While some pockets
    of severe weather are likely to occur during the extended period
    (especially after D4/Monday and primarily from the Missouri Valley
    northward), the caveats mentioned above considerably limit the
    predictability of organized severe weather potential.

    ..Picca.. 06/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 08, 2018 08:59:50
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    ------------=_1528448395-1857-11850
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Fri Jun 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in reasonable agreement regarding timing of shortwave
    trough expected to continue through the upper MS Valley on Monday
    (day 4). An unstable, but likely capped warm sector is expected to
    evolve, and strong to severe thunderstorms may develop by mid-late
    afternoon within corridor of stronger frontal forcing. Some severe
    threat may persist farther east (day5) across a portion of the Great
    Lakes and Ohio Valley region as the front and associated shortwave
    trough continue east, but uncertainty regarding impact of day 4
    convection precludes introduction of a categorical risk area at this
    time. Beyond day 5 the 500 mb model spreads increase, suggesting low predictability.

    ..Dial.. 06/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 28, 2018 08:56:41
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Thu Jun 28 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some risk for strong/severe storms will accompany a cold front on
    Sunday/Day 4 as it moves east through the Midwest and Great Lakes,
    however coverage uncertainty related in part to the effects of prior
    rounds of thunderstorms precludes outlining 15% severe risk areas
    with this outlook. Thereafter, an expansive upper-level anticyclone
    will become established over much of the CONUS through the remainder
    of the period, with the northern tier of states near the southern
    periphery of stronger mid-level flow. Severe storms may develop in
    association with embedded impulses, however daily predictability
    remains too low.

    ..Bunting.. 06/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 05, 2018 08:36:13
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CDT Thu Jul 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Any potential for organized severe weather will likely be confined
    to the northern Plains and Midwest through the extended period,
    owing to the persistence of a mid/upper ridge over the
    central/western US. However, the zonal/low-amplitude nature of flow
    near the US/Canada border suggests predictability of any pertinent
    features is too low for 15% probabilities at this time.

    An effective front will likely be positioned from the Dakotas
    eastward to Minnesota on D4/Sunday-D5/Monday. A warm/moist
    environment to its south is forecast to support increasing
    thunderstorm activity, and some of these storms may be severe.
    However, the influence of convection from the prior D3/Saturday
    period may push the effective boundary far enough south to decouple
    it from stronger westerlies aloft. Additionally, mean deep-layer
    flow should be parallel to this boundary, which may serve to limit
    severe potential some. Therefore, while at least marginal-risk
    probabilities will likely be needed in future outlooks, spatial
    uncertainty is too large for a 15% area at this time.

    Thereafter, the ridge will de-amplify some, perhaps yielding a
    larger corridor for severe potential across the northern Plains and
    Midwest. However, the predictability of mid/upper features focusing
    severe thunderstorm activity is too low for probabilities.

    ..Picca.. 07/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 18, 2018 07:50:10
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180750
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180748

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0248 AM CDT Fri May 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast during the upcoming
    day4-8 time period.

    Latest model guidance continues to suggest the large-scale pattern
    will remain unfavorable for organized severe thunderstorms, at least
    in a predictable fashion in the medium range. Given that mid-level
    temperatures have yet to warm appreciably, thunderstorm clusters
    will likely develop ahead of transient short waves across much of
    the CONUS east of the Rockies. However, the lack of significant
    deep-layer shear does not lend confidence in discriminating any
    areas for organization.

    ..Darrow.. 05/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 07, 2018 09:01:45
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Thu Jun 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A semi-amplified belt of relatively strong westerlies will remain
    over the northern tier of the CONUS to the north of persistent upper
    ridging over the majority of the southern CONUS through Days 4-8. A
    notable upper trough over the northwest CONUS is expected to
    continue eastward toward the northern Plains on Sunday/Day 4. It
    appears that severe-sufficient vertical shear and forcing for ascent
    will coincide with a relatively moist air mass across the Dakotas
    for the possibility of organized severe thunderstorms. The
    relatively greatest severe risk currently appears to be focused
    across North Dakota on Sunday, with some uncertainties regarding the
    southward extent of development given the likelihood of warm
    mid-level temperatures preceding the trough. Elsewhere, other
    isolated severe thunderstorms could occur across parts of the Ohio
    Valley into the mid-Atlantic states/North Carolina vicinity in areas
    along and south of a southward-sagging front.

    For Monday/Day 5 and beyond, low predictability within an early
    summer-type regime precludes any 15-percent outlook areas for
    organized severe thunderstorms. That said, there probably will be at
    least some severe thunderstorm potential across the Upper Midwest on
    Monday/Day 5, in addition to the Tennessee Valley into the Carolinas
    near and south of the front across the region.

    ..Guyer.. 06/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 14, 2018 08:53:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Thu Jun 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A few severe storms may be possible from parts of Nebraska to the
    Great Lakes region on D4/Sunday, as low-amplitude waves rounding a
    dominant eastern ridge focus convection near a surface cold front.
    The nature of the mid/upper ridge orientation and the southward
    acceleration of the front indicate that much of this convection may
    be elevated, posing primarily a hail threat. As such, given
    lingering predictability issues with these low-amplitude systems,
    the magnitude of severe potential is not high enough for
    extended-range probabilities at this time. Thereafter, strong storms
    may shift towards the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic through the middle of
    next week, in conjunction with more cyclonic flow overspreading this
    region. Still, ensemble/deterministic guidance indicates that any
    potential overlap of favorable flow/forcing and adequate buoyancy is
    below a reasonable level of predictability at this range, precluding probabilities.

    ..Picca.. 06/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 21, 2018 08:26:44
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210826
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210825

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 AM CDT Thu Jun 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Substantial low-level moisture will remain over the eastern half of
    the CONUS through the period, with generally weak flow aloft. One
    possible focus for severe weather will be a slow-moving shortwave
    trough that is forecast to affect the central and northern High
    Plains on Sun/D4, and progress eastward across the mid MO and upper
    MS Valleys through Tue/D6. Moisture and instability will spread
    northward across the Plains ahead of this feature, with only a weak
    surface trough and nocturnal warm advection to focus development. As
    such, MCSs will be the primary storm mode, with areas of damaging
    wind as well as heavy rain. At this time, predictability is low. One
    possible area for a future upgrade will be eastern CO into KS on
    Sun/D4, as the shortwave trough emerges into the Plains. However,
    models indicate the potential for ongoing rain/storms over the area
    Sunday morning which decreases predictability.

    ..Jewell.. 06/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 17, 2018 08:57:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Thu May 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate that the stronger westerlies will remain at
    latitudes near/north of the Canadian/U.S. border late this weekend
    through the middle of next week. Within a separate lingering,
    weaker branch of westerlies across the U.S., developments through
    the period remain more unclear. It appears possible that a
    convectively generated or enhanced mid-level perturbation, emerging
    from the middle/lower Missouri Valley region on Saturday, could
    progress across the middle Mississippi Valley into areas between the
    lower Ohio River and southern Great Lakes region Sunday/Sunday
    night. A belt of modest lower/mid tropospheric flow and forcing for
    ascent associated with this feature may provide some risk for the
    evolution of an organized severe cluster of storms in the presence
    of moderate potential instability. However, due to uncertainties
    concerning developments on this sub-synoptic scale at this extended
    time frame, severe probabilities are currently being maintained at
    less than 15 percent.

    Otherwise, it does appear that another closed low will evolve and
    progress across the California coast into the Great Basin early next
    week. It may then subsequently undergo considerable deformation
    while shifting northward, and eastward, across the Rockies into the central/northern Plains, as subtropical ridging centered near
    southern Baja begins to expand by the middle of next week. This may
    be accompanied by at least some renewed potential for strong to
    severe thunderstorm development initially near and to the immediate
    lee of the southern Rockies, before perhaps spreading into portions
    of the lower Plains. However due to a combination of relatively
    weak large-scale forcing for ascent, and the lack of more obvious
    sub-synoptic forcing mechanisms, severe weather potential, in
    general, still seems relatively low.

    ..Kerr.. 05/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 24, 2018 08:01:38
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240801
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240759

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 AM CDT Thu May 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance is in general agreement that large-scale
    ridging will hold over the Plains into early next week with broad
    troughing expected over the West. While isolated-scattered
    convection may develop along the lee trough during the day4-6 time
    frame, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the eastward
    progression of the western US trough. Additionally, significant low
    pressure system is expected to migrate across the northern Gulf
    Basin into the Gulf states which will limit northward moisture
    return across the Plains. This could negate an otherwise potentially
    more buoyant air mass along the lee trough. Isolated severe may
    ultimately develop across portions of the High Plains but too much
    uncertainty exists at this time to introduce 15% severe probs.

    ..Darrow.. 05/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 31, 2018 09:01:41
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    ACUS48 KWNS 310901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Thu May 31 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some risk for severe storms will exist over a portion of the Gulf
    Coast states Sunday (day 4) along and ahead of a cold front and in
    association with a southeast-advancing shortwave trough. However,
    will maintain low predictability for now given uncertainty regarding
    extent of any ongoing convection and where best destabilization will
    be.

    Day 5-6 richer low-level moisture will have been shunted south to
    along the Gulf Coast by a cold front, suggesting severe potential
    inland should remain limited. Modified CP air with modest low-level
    moisture will begin returning through the plains later day 6 into
    day 7. However, tendency will be for upper ridge to build as omega
    block is reestablished, limiting belt of stronger flow to the
    northern Plains days 7-8.

    ..Dial.. 05/31/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 27, 2018 08:59:07
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Wed Jun 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The large-scale pattern evolution during the Day 4 through 8 time
    frame consists of an expansion of the upper-level anticyclone over
    much of the CONUS, and the establishment of an upper-level trough
    over the Pacific Northwest late in the period. Thunderstorms will
    accompany a cold front Saturday/Day 4 and Sunday/Day 5 from the
    Great Lakes south/west into the lower Missouri Valley and portions
    of the Ohio Valley with some severe potential. Will defer to later
    outlooks for introduction of severe probabilities given
    uncertainties on mesoscale details and influence of prior storms.

    Thereafter, with stronger mid-level flow increasingly confined to
    portions of the Pacific Northwest/northern Rockies and northern New
    England, overall predictability remains low from Day 6 and beyond.

    ..Bunting.. 06/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 04, 2018 08:14:37
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040814
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040812

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0312 AM CDT Wed Jul 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some potential for severe weather will exist across the northern
    Plains during the extended period. However, confidence in a
    sufficiently organized severe-weather event remains too low to
    introduce any probabilities. Through D4/Sat, an expansive ridge will
    de-amplify slightly over the northern Plains, primarily owing to the northeastward advance of a shortwave impulse and related jet maximum
    over Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Most large-scale ascent will remain
    in Canada, where more widespread convection is expected Saturday
    afternoon into the overnight. However, some southward/upshear
    propagation into higher buoyancy may bring a decaying convective
    system into North Dakota and/or Minnesota late D4/Sat into D5/Sun.
    Such a system could be accompanied by damaging winds, but the
    potential threat is too low and spatially uncertain to justify a 15%
    area at this time.

    Further severe potential will exist later on D5/Sun, as the front
    sags southward over the northern Plains and upper Midwest. Similar
    to the previous scenario, though, the potential threat does not
    appear significant enough to warrant probabilities at this time
    range, considering inherent spatial uncertainty.

    The ridge will likely amplify once again next week, forcing more
    focused ascent northward into Canada. While pockets of severe
    weather may occur across the northern tier of the US next week,
    predictability for an organized threat is too low for probabilities.

    ..Picca.. 07/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 06, 2018 09:02:11
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Wed Jun 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    While at least some severe thunderstorms will be possible daily, low predictability within an early summer-type regime precludes any
    15-percent outlook areas for organized severe thunderstorms. A
    semi-amplified belt of relatively strong westerlies will remain over
    the northern tier of the CONUS to the north of semi-persistent upper
    ridging over the majority of the southern CONUS through Days 4-8.

    An appreciable upper trough will likely overspread the northern
    Rockies this weekend. While a relatively moist air mass will exist
    across the northern Plains ahead of this system, uncertainties
    continue regarding the overall scope of the severe risk across the
    northern Plains given the expected degree of mid-level capping.
    Elsewhere, isolated severe thunderstorms may also be possible this
    weekend generally along the frontal zone extending eastward into the
    Ohio Valley and Mid-Atlantic States.

    ..Guyer.. 06/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 13, 2018 08:53:13
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Wed Jun 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Through early next week, a blocking pattern will be established over
    the contiguous US, characterized by a building ridge over the east
    and a trough over much of the west. Between the two, a surface front
    will likely remain positioned from the central Plains
    east/northeastward to the Great Lakes region, offering some focus
    for strong/severe storm potential into early next week.

    Much of this convection will likely be rooted above the surface,
    driven generally by zones of ascent related to low-level jets and
    warm advection aloft. Additionally, any of these convective episodes
    will generally lack focus from clear/amplified shortwave troughs,
    owing to the amplification of the larger-scale ridge. Therefore, due
    to relatively low predictability and a lack of higher-end severe
    potential, no probabilities are introduced at this time.

    ..Picca.. 06/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 20, 2018 08:29:08
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200827

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0327 AM CDT Wed Jun 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Throughout the D4-D8 period, a large area of moisture and
    instability will be present over much of the central U.S. which will
    support areas of strong to severe storms. However, predictability is
    low given generally weak foci and the potential of daily antecedent
    convection.

    A belt of 30-40 kt midlevel flow will stretch from the central
    Rockies across the Plains and into the Northeast on Sat/D4 and
    Sun/D5, which will conditionally favor at least localized areas of
    storm organization. Models indicate one possible area on Sat/D4 will
    be from OK to TN, but heights will be rising as an upper trough
    leaves the area. Still, any residual outflow boundaries may serve to
    focus diurnal development with mainly a wind threat.

    On Sun/D5, the KS area may be favored as an upper low drops
    southeastward toward the central High Plains. Not only will it be
    unstable, but a strong nocturnal low-level jet is forecast which
    would indicate MCS and damaging wind potential. A similar, but
    perhaps lesser-magnitude setup will persist across the central
    Plains on Mon/D6-Tue/D7 as the upper low drifts east.

    ..Jewell.. 06/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 16, 2018 08:57:02
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Wed May 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate that there may be some adjustments to the mid/upper
    flow during this period. While it appears that large-scale blocking
    may persist within the mid-latitude westerlies, guidance suggests
    that it will shift inland of the Pacific coast, into areas near/east
    of the Canadian/U.S. Rockies by the middle of next week, as the
    leading edge of a strong zonal Pacific jet approaches the Pacific
    Northwest coast. As ridging becomes more prominent over interior
    North America, western Atlantic subtropical ridging into the
    Northeast is forecast to become suppressed by broad large-scale
    troughing within the mid-latitude westerlies. Upstream, another
    southern branch closed low may develop and migrate inland of the
    California coast early next week, before turning northeastward
    toward the northern Rockies. It appears that this will also
    maintain the suppression of subtropical ridging centered near/south
    of Baja into the Mexican Plateau.

    It might not be out of the question that the remnants of the
    preceding closed low advancing into the central Plains by this
    coming Saturday, and upper portions of the middle Mississippi Valley
    into the vicinity of the southern Great Lakes/Ohio Valley region
    Sunday, could be accompanied by some continuing risk for organized
    severe storm development. This potential could be a little higher
    Sunday than Saturday, when some possible phasing of the wave with a
    northern branch impulse could result in strengthening wind fields,
    in the presence of better low-level moisture near/east of the
    Mississippi Valley. At the present time, due to substantial
    lingering uncertainties, severe probabilities are being maintained
    at less than 15 percent, and severe weather potential through the
    remainder of the period still appears relatively low.

    ..Kerr.. 05/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 23, 2018 07:43:31
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230743
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230741

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 AM CDT Wed May 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Predictability will remain low into early next week.

    Latest medium-range model guidance is in reasonable agreement
    regarding the evolution of a short-wave trough as it tops the Plains
    ridge and translates into the upper Great Lakes region day4. This
    feature is not particularly strong but is expected to aid convection
    along the northeastern plume of higher moisture/buoyancy. While
    isolated severe can not be ruled out, forecast marginal shear does
    not suggest predictability is adequate for an organized area
    delineated this period.

    Another area where strong convection may ultimately evolve is near
    the Gulf Coast; however, there is considerable discrepancy among
    late evening guidance regarding the evolution of a Gulf low pressure
    system that will struggle to be drawn north due to weak steering
    currents.

    Early next week stronger mid-level flow may ultimately spread into
    the northern High Plains which could aid strong convection across
    this region. Again, predictability is too low regarding this western
    US trough to warrant severe probs this period.

    ..Darrow.. 05/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 23, 2018 08:04:02
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230803
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230802

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0302 AM CDT Wed May 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Predictability will remain low into early next week.

    Latest medium-range model guidance is in reasonable agreement
    regarding the evolution of a short-wave trough as it tops the Plains
    ridge and translates into the upper Great Lakes region day4. This
    feature is not particularly strong but is expected to aid convection
    along the northeastern plume of higher moisture/buoyancy. While
    isolated severe can not be ruled out, forecast marginal shear does
    not suggest predictability is adequate for an organized area
    delineated this period.

    Another area where strong convection may ultimately evolve is near
    the Gulf Coast; however, there is considerable discrepancy among
    late evening guidance regarding the evolution of a Gulf low pressure
    system that will struggle to be drawn north due to weak steering
    currents.

    Early next week stronger mid-level flow may ultimately spread into
    the northern High Plains which could aid strong convection across
    this region. Again, predictability is too low regarding this western
    US trough to warrant severe probs this period.

    ..Darrow.. 05/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 30, 2018 09:02:07
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Wed May 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe storm threat may persist into Saturday (day 4) over the
    middle MS Valley region. Storms over IA on the southern end of an
    ongoing MCS may intensify as they develop southeast along warm front
    across MO where feed of high theta-e air will support strong
    instability as the surface layer warms. This region should reside
    along southern periphery of stronger winds aloft associated with a
    progressive upper trough. Veering winds with height will contribute
    to sufficient vertical shear for an MCS with embedded organized
    structures capable of damaging wind and hail.

    By day 5 (Sunday) some severe threat may exist over the southeast
    U.S. in association with a shortwave trough/MCV embedded within
    northwest flow, as well as within evolving upslope regime over the
    southern Rockies and High Plains. However, predictability with both
    of these scenarios is too low to introduce severe probabilities at
    this time.

    ..Dial.. 05/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 26, 2018 08:47:02
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Tue Jun 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper trough will move slowly east from the northern Rockies on
    Fri/D4 to the upper Great Lakes by Sun/D6. Ahead of this trough,
    daily thunderstorms are expected from the northern Plains into the
    upper MS Valley. While at least low-end severe weather may occur,
    this pattern is unpredictable at this range given continuous MCS development/redevelopment throughout the period, and effects on air
    mass quality and storm positioning. Beyond Sun/D6, model solutions
    with the general upper air pattern greatly diverge.

    ..Jewell.. 06/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 03, 2018 08:15:02
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030814
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030813

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0313 AM CDT Tue Jul 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Any potential severe threat will exist along the periphery of an
    expansive mid-level ridge anchored over the central US/Rockies
    through much of the extended period. Along its northeastern
    periphery, cyclonic flow will develop across New England by
    D4/Friday, with an attendant cold front pushing southeast across the
    region. The timing of the front is such that only weak
    boundary-layer destabilization may occur prior to its passage.
    Combined with unimpressive mid-level lapse rates, the severe threat
    currently appears too localized/marginal for 15% probabilities.

    Thereafter, some severe potential could evolve across the northern
    Plains and upper Midwest D5/Sat into D6/Sun as the ridge flattens
    slightly and low-amplitude impulses at least glance the US/Canadian
    border. Building boundary-layer moisture/instability underneath
    steep lapse rates aloft could foster a severe threat ahead of a
    surface trough this weekend. However, favorable large-scale ascent
    may be confined to the Canadian provinces, due to the amplitude of
    the ridge. This would greatly reduce convective coverage this
    weekend. Considering such uncertainty, probabilities are not
    introduced at this time. Thereafter, the timing/amplitude of any
    shortwave troughs cresting the ridge remains far too uncertain for
    delineating an extended severe threat.

    ..Picca.. 07/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 05, 2018 09:02:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Tue Jun 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    While at least some severe thunderstorms will be possible daily, low predictability within an early summer-type regime precludes any
    15-percent outlook areas for organized severe thunderstorms. Latest
    medium range models are in good consensus regarding the overall
    large-scale pattern through Days 4-8, highlighted by a modestly
    fluctuating belt of westerlies over the northern tier of the CONUS
    to the north of semi-persistent upper ridging over the majority of
    the southern CONUS.

    As a ridge-riding shortwave trough continues eastward, some severe thunderstorms seem probable across the Upper Midwest vicinity on Day
    4/Friday, although spatial/magnitude details are highly uncertain
    given the potential for MCS development across the central Plains
    Thursday night/late Day 3.

    It appears that an appreciable upper trough will overspread the
    northern Rockies this weekend. While a relatively moist air mass
    will exist across the northern Plains ahead of this system, some
    uncertainties exist regarding the overall scope of the severe risk
    this weekend given the expected degree of mid-level capping.

    ..Guyer.. 06/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 12, 2018 08:52:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120850

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0350 AM CDT Tue Jun 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Most of the extended period will be characterized by a persistent,
    amplifying mid/upper ridge over much of the Mississippi Valley. This
    evolution will likely keep any overlap of stronger mid-level flow
    and considerable surface-based buoyancy relatively narrow over parts
    of the northern Plains and upper Midwest. On D4/Friday, a subtle
    shortwave trough may crest the ridge across parts of the upper Great
    Lakes region, supporting pockets of stronger convective activity.
    However, ensemble/deterministic guidance indicate considerable
    uncertainty with regard to the ridge amplitude and timing of the
    shortwave trough. Therefore, the location of any severe threat
    remains too uncertain for probabilities at this time.

    After D4/Fri, stronger thunderstorm activity may be primarily
    focused near/north of a front positioned from western Nebraska/South
    Dakota northeastward to Minnesota. Much of this activity could be
    rooted above the surface, primarily resulting in pockets of hail
    potential this weekend. Still, no probabilities are introduced
    considering both higher spatial uncertainty and the relatively lower
    magnitude of any potential threat.

    ..Picca.. 06/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 19, 2018 08:08:06
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190807
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190806

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0306 AM CDT Tue Jun 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move from the mid MS Valley across
    the OH Valley on Fri/D4, along with an attendant surface low. While
    at least a low-end severe risk may exist, predictability is
    currently low given expected widespread clouds and precipitation. To
    the east, a few strong storms cannot be ruled out across parts of NC
    where mid 70s F dewpoints will exist supporting strong instability
    near a developing warm front, but shear profiles will be weak.

    Predictability issues increase further beyond D4, with generally
    weak northwest flow aloft across the Plains into the Southeast along
    with episodes of thunderstorms throughout the period.

    ..Jewell.. 06/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 15, 2018 08:57:28
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 150857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Tue May 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate that blocking may maintain split belts of westerlies
    emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific through this period. It is
    possible that the blocking may redevelop inland of the Pacific coast
    toward early next week, but guidance indicates more uncertainty
    concerning developments across the eastern Pacific into western
    North America late in the period.

    There does appear more certainty that the primary short wave
    impulse, within initial troughing in the southern branch, will
    emerge from the Southwest late this week, accompanied by a modest
    (30-40 kt) belt of flow across the southern Rockies into the Plains.
    This is forecast to support the evolution of at least a modest
    surface cyclone across the central High Plains by late Friday
    afternoon and evening, when it appears that severe weather potential
    may maximize for this period. Lingering moisture probably will be
    sufficient to support at least moderately large CAPE in the presence
    of steep lower/mid tropospheric lapse rates. This is expected to
    become focused along a dryline across parts of western/central
    Kansas, and within northerly/easterly low-level flow across southern
    Nebraska into the northern slope of the Palmer Divide and Colorado
    Front Range. This environment probably will become conducive to
    organized severe storm development, including supercells.

    ..Kerr.. 05/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 22, 2018 07:45:56
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220745
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220744

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0244 AM CDT Tue May 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale weak flow regime is expected to continue during the
    upcoming medium-range period. Predictability will necessarily be low
    days4-8.

    Short-wave trough that flattens northern Plains ridge during the
    day3 period is expected to dig southeast into the upper Great Lakes
    region day4. Convection should be noted ahead of this feature,
    possibly severe if strong enough buoyancy can develop within a
    marginally sheared environment. Later this weekend, stronger
    mid-level flow is expected to spread into the Rockies along leading
    edge of a slow-moving upper trough. If stronger flow can spread into
    the High Plains there may be a risk for isolated severe along the
    downstream lee trough. In both cases confidence in organized severe
    is not sufficient for adding probabilities.

    ..Darrow.. 05/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 29, 2018 09:00:30
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Tue May 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models show a mid-level trough moving into the Dakotas
    on Friday (Day 4). Although some differences exists amongst the
    models, it appears thunderstorms will develop from NE into the
    Dakotas during the afternoon and potentially growing upscale during
    the evening. Steep lapse rates, an adequately moist boundary layer,
    and wind profiles supporting organized severe thunderstorms lends
    sufficient confidence to introduce a 15-percent severe risk from
    north-central NE through central/eastern SD. By this weekend,
    predictability decreases with perhaps a relative minimum in severe
    potential occurring Sunday (Day 6) before the possibility for
    another mid-level trough moving into the northwestern CONUS late in
    the extended period.

    ..Smith.. 05/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 25, 2018 08:35:58
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250835
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CDT Mon Jun 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Thu/D4, an upper ridge will shift eastward from the Plains toward
    the Great Lakes as an upper trough moves across the northern Rockies
    toward the High Plains. Low pressure will deepen over the Dakotas
    late in the day and overnight, with a warm front lifting northward
    into ND and northern MN into Fri/D5 morning. A 40-50 kt southerly
    low-level jet will develop, which will aid in the northward
    transport of instability. Forecast soundings indicate MLCAPE in
    excess of 4000 J/kg from SD into IA, with increasing deep-layer
    shear and gradual height falls late. Thus, it appears likely there
    will be a possible MCS corridor near the warm front. A few
    supercells with hail are possible as well. Activity may form near
    the Black Hills by 00Z, and increase in coverage as it spreads
    across ND into northwest MN. Damaging winds and hail will be
    possible.

    Additional nocturnal storm activity capable of wind and hail is
    possible Friday night from NE into WI in association with an
    elongated surface trough and broad fetch of warm southwesterly
    low-level winds. However, predictability is too low to denote a risk
    area. This threat of scattered severe storms will persist into
    Sat/D6 across much the same area as moderate southwesterly flow
    aloft further overspreads the Plains and upper MS Valley.

    ..Jewell.. 06/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 02, 2018 08:25:59
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020825
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020824

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0324 AM CDT Mon Jul 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that a subtropical upper ridge to build across
    much of the U.S. during days 4-8, limiting belt of stronger winds
    aloft to the northern tier states. A progressive shortwave trough
    will move through Quebec Thursday (day 4) before amplifying
    southeastward and affecting the northeast States by day 5 (Friday).
    Stronger winds aloft attending this trough will remain north of the international border, but at least a modest increase in mid-level
    flow will occur over northern New England day 5. Thunderstorms are
    expected to develop along and ahead of the accompanying cold front
    that is forecast to move into New England and a portion of the
    Northeast States Friday morning. While some severe threat (mainly
    isolated damaging wind) will be possible with storms developing
    along this boundary during the day, degree of threat will depend on
    timing of front and extent of ongoing storms and clouds which will
    affect destabilization potential.

    ..Dial.. 07/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 11, 2018 08:59:05
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 110858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Mon Jun 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper synoptic pattern is expected to be dominated by a belt of
    stronger westerlies across the northern tier states with an upper
    ridge suppressed to the southern Plains on day 4 (Thursday). A low
    amplitude, but significant shortwave trough will reach the northern
    High Plains day 4.

    Day 4, it still appears low to mid 60s F dewpoints will return
    through the northern Plains beneath a warm elevated mixed layer
    contributing to strong instability but also a strong cap. A
    low-amplitude shortwave trough will be accompanied by a cold front,
    and forcing within the frontal zone should be sufficient to initiate
    storms from eastern MT into ND by late afternoon or during the
    evening where strong vertical shear will support some supercell
    structures before evolving into an MCS overnight.

    By day 5 (Friday), upper pattern will begin to amplify with an omega
    block characterized by an upper ridge from the southern Plains into
    the upper MS valley flanked by troughs over the northern Rockies and
    eastern states. While a few severe storms are possible, mainly
    across the upper MS Valley in association with cold front and minor
    impulse cresting upper ridge, as well as farther southeast within
    warm frontal zone across a portion of the OH Valley. However, too
    much uncertainty remains, especially given likelihood of ongoing
    storms, to introduce probabilities at this time.

    ..Dial.. 06/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 18, 2018 08:58:00
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Mon Jun 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Extended-range guidance is in reasonable agreement on the evolution
    of an upper low over the central U.S. Thursday/Day 4 and Friday/Day
    5, with some risk for strong/severe storms ahead of a cold front
    over the middle and southern MS Valley. Uncertainty regarding
    coverage precludes highlighting 15 percent threshold probabilities
    at this time. Beyond Friday, model variability increases regarding
    the location and amplitude of the next upstream system and will
    therefore continue with low predictability each day.

    ..Bunting.. 06/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 14, 2018 08:59:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526288393-23415-8107
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Mon May 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models continue to indicate that blocking near the Pacific coast
    will maintain split westerlies late this week into early next week,
    with general ridging in the northern stream across western Canada
    and troughing in the southern stream across the western United
    States. At the same time, it appears that troughing will persist
    within the downstream southern branch and subtropical westerlies,
    east of the lower Mississippi Valley into the eastern Gulf of Mexico
    and perhaps northwest Caribbean. This may continue to negatively
    impact potential for deep boundary layer moistening across the
    central and southern Plains, and severe weather potential associated
    with short waves emerging from the upstream southern branch
    troughing.

    It does appear that the remnants of one closed low may emerge late
    this week and contribute to at least some potential for severe storm development Thursday, Friday and perhaps Saturday, mainly across
    parts of eastern Colorado into the central Plains. Lower/ mid
    tropospheric lapse rates probably will be sufficient to support
    moderately large CAPE, but it does appear that deep layer shear may
    remain mostly modest to weak. Given these conditions, combined with
    low predictability issues associated with the synoptic and potential sub-synoptic scale features, severe weather probabilities still
    appear less than 15 percent at this extended range. Severe weather
    potential, in general, appears relatively low for mid to late May.

    ..Kerr.. 05/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 21, 2018 07:36:20
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 210736
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210734

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 AM CDT Mon May 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to suggest seasonally weak steering
    currents across much of the CONUS this week. This flow regime is
    problematic in a predictability perspective beyond a day or two due
    to influential convective clusters that may or may not be resolved
    by current model guidance. Much of this convection may ultimately
    produce some severe due to a gradually moistening and increasingly
    buoyant air mass.

    One region where predictability is somewhat higher will be across
    the northern Plains/upper MS Valley region. There is reason to
    believe a notable, but weak, short-wave trough will top the Plains
    ridge during the day4 period over the Dakotas, then dig southeast
    into MN Friday. While forecast deep-layer shear will not be that
    strong, it appears steep lapse rate plume and increasing instability
    should lead to convection across this region, some of which may be
    severe. Will not introduce 15% severe probs across this are due to aforementioned caveats; however, a severe risk may be issued across
    this region in subsequent outlooks if confidence increases.

    ..Darrow.. 05/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 28, 2018 08:54:54
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Mon May 28 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Predictability-Too-Low will characterize the Thursday (Day 4)
    through Monday (Day 8) period. Medium-range model guidance is
    converging towards a solution of the eastward migration of a
    shortwave trough over the northwestern CONUS into the north-central
    states days 4-5. Considerable model variability and run-to-run
    inconsistency preclude a potential spatial highlight of 15% severe probabilities. By this weekend, increasing spread amongst
    medium-range and ensemble data lend low confidence in the
    timing/evolution of smaller-scale features likely to dictate or
    influence severe potential.

    ..Smith.. 05/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 04, 2018 08:59:29
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Mon Jun 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential through the extended period will continue to be
    modulated by the interaction of low-amplitude shortwave troughs
    rounding the northern periphery of an amplifying ridge and continued
    poleward moisture return across the central/eastern US. One such
    impulse will lift northeast across the Great Basin through
    D4/Thursday, likely reaching central/eastern Wyoming during the
    latter half of the day. Meanwhile, southeasterly surface flow will
    continue to transport/maintain dew points in the 50s to perhaps
    lower 60s across the central/northern High Plains. A corridor of at
    least moderate buoyancy should thus materialize ahead of the
    approaching impulse. The combination of amplifying mid-level ascent,
    terrain circulations, and upslope flow should promote convective
    initiation across parts of Montana and Wyoming late in the day.
    Organized by notable veering of winds with height, these cells
    should mature as they move east into greater boundary-layer
    moisture, with some attendant severe threat appearing probable.
    Ensemble data highlight a relative max in convective potential over
    southeast MT/northeast WY into the western Dakotas, as well.
    Therefore, confidence has increased sufficiently for the
    introduction of a 15% area.

    By D5/Friday, the eastward progression of the shortwave trough
    should spread some severe potential towards the upper Midwest.
    However, deterministic/ensemble guidance indicate much greater
    spatial uncertainty in this potential, likely due to differences in
    the amplitude of the ridge, as well as complex influences from
    convection the night prior. This uncertainty only continues to grow
    beyond D5/Friday, such that no probabilities can be introduced at
    this time, despite some severe potential appearing possible from the
    Midwest to the Mid-Atlantic through the upcoming weekend.

    ..Picca.. 06/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 24, 2018 08:56:56
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Sun Jun 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough will move across the Great Lakes and Northeast
    from D4 to D5, with a cold front likely focusing thunderstorms.
    Strong storms are possible especially on D4 across the OH Valley
    where instability will be strongest. At this time, it appears the
    threat may be marginal/low-end given the deamplifying wave aloft.

    To the west, a large area of strong instability will build across
    the northern Plains and upper MS Valley D5 through D7, and there is
    potential for a few severe MCSs mainly across the Dakotas and MN.
    However, predictability for this warm advection pattern is currently
    too low to outlook a specific area/corridor for severe wind.

    ..Jewell.. 06/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 01, 2018 08:47:54
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010847
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010846

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CDT Sun Jul 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models have demonstrated run-to-run consistency with general trend
    for a subtropical upper ridge to build across much of the U.S.
    during days 4-8, limiting belt of stronger winds aloft to the
    northern tier states. It still appears that some threat for severe
    storms may evolve day 4 (Wednesday) from the eastern Dakotas into MN
    as a shortwave trough ejects northeast through southern Manitoba
    with trailing cold front providing a focus for initiation. However,
    tendency will be for the stronger forcing and stronger winds aloft
    accompanying this feature to remain north of the warm sector. The
    potential for antecedent storms/clouds and model frontal timing
    differences lower overall predictability at this time. This same
    shortwave trough is forecast to amplify as it turns southeast
    through southeast Canada and the northeast States by day 6 (Friday)
    where the severe threat may increase along and ahead of the
    accompanying cold front.

    ..Dial.. 07/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 03, 2018 08:39:54
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    ------------=_1528015197-1857-9418
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Sun Jun 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The potential for severe weather looks to steadily increase during
    the second half of the week, as boundary-layer moisture gradually
    spreads north across the Plains and mid/upper Mississippi Valley,
    and greater buoyancy materializes. On D4/Wednesday, a shortwave
    trough will advance across the upper Midwest, potentially focusing
    some threat for severe weather across parts of Minnesota and
    Wisconsin as a cold front moves southeast over the region. However,
    uncertainty exists regarding the influence of upstream convection
    from the prior night, the impacts of potential capping through the
    day, and the overall amplitude/timing of the approaching wave.
    Therefore, specifics regarding the severe potential remain too
    nebulous for probabilities at this time. Nonetheless, severe
    probabilities will likely be needed in later outlooks across parts
    of the upper Midwest.

    As the front continues to sag south/southeast and stalls from the central/northern High Plains to the Ohio Valley through the end of
    the week, it will establish a corridor for bouts of severe weather
    along the northern/northeastern periphery of the mid-level ridge.
    Low-amplitude impulses traversing this corridor through the weekend
    will serve to focus the severe weather potential. However, ensemble/deterministic guidance depict considerable spread with the
    timing of these impulses, such that no probabilities are introduced
    at this time.

    ..Picca.. 06/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 10, 2018 09:00:59
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Sun Jun 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper synoptic pattern is expected to be dominated by a belt of
    stronger westerlies across the northern tier states with an upper
    ridge suppressed to the southern Plains on days 4-5 (Wednesday and
    Thursday). Low amplitude, but significant shortwave trough will
    reach the northern High Plains day 5.

    Day 4, warm front will advance north to within belt of stronger
    winds aloft across NE where storms may develop within the evolving
    warm advection regime on cool side of this boundary, and at least a
    modest severe threat may exist with this activity.

    Day 5, low to mid 60s F dewpoints will return through the northern
    Plains beneath a warm elevated mixed layer contributing to strong
    instability but also a strong cap. A low-amplitude shortwave trough
    will be accompanied by a cold front, and forcing within the frontal
    zone should be sufficient to initiate storms from eastern MT into ND
    by late afternoon or during the evening where strong vertical shear
    will support some supercell structures before evolving into an MCS
    overnight.

    By day 6 (Friday), some severe threat may exist, mainly over the
    upper MS valley region, but tendency will be for the stronger upper
    forcing for ascent to shift north of the international border, and
    there is a possibility the warm sector could remain capped. This
    along with increasing model spreads lowers predictability at this
    time frame.

    ..Dial.. 06/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 17, 2018 09:02:56
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    ------------=_1529226181-1857-17214
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170901

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CDT Sun Jun 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The large-scale upper-level pattern during the Day 4 through 8 time
    frame will consist of persistent ridging over the southeast and
    southwest states, and a series of troughs moving east across mainly
    the northern portion of the CONUS. Thunderstorms are expected in
    the vicinity of a frontal boundary from the mid-Atlantic region west
    into the central Plains Wednesday and Thursday, however notable
    differences exist in extended-range guidance regarding the location
    of the front and a developing weak surface low along the front over
    the central U.S. Given these differences, predictability remains
    too low to highlight 15% daily probabilities. Later in the period, considerable spread exists in the position of upper-level troughs
    and associated surface features, resulting in continued low
    confidence in defining any risk areas.

    ..Bunting.. 06/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 17, 2018 09:18:57
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    ------------=_1529227142-1857-17219
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170918
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170917

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0417 AM CDT Sun Jun 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The large-scale upper-level pattern during the Day 4 through 8 time
    frame will consist of persistent ridging over the southeast and
    southwest states, and a series of troughs moving east across mainly
    the northern portion of the CONUS. Thunderstorms are expected in
    the vicinity of a frontal boundary from the mid-Atlantic region west
    into the central Plains Wednesday and Thursday, however notable
    differences exist in extended-range guidance regarding the location
    of the front and a developing weak surface low along the front over
    the central U.S. Given these differences, predictability remains
    too low to highlight 15% daily probabilities. Later in the period, considerable spread exists in the position of upper-level troughs
    and associated surface features, resulting in continued low
    confidence in defining any risk areas.

    ..Bunting.. 06/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 13, 2018 08:36:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526200611-23415-7744
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130835

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CDT Sun May 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate some readjustment of general blocking within the
    large-scale pattern near the Pacific coast during the middle to
    latter portion of the coming work week. It does appear that at
    least one mid-level low and associated troughing within a southern
    branch of the split westerlies will migrate inland of the California
    coast, through the Great Basin, during this time frame, before
    subsequent developments become more unclear by next weekend. At the
    same time, mid/upper troughing may linger within the subtropical
    westerlies, across parts of the Southeast and eastern Gulf of
    Mexico. And it appears that seasonably high moisture content may
    remain confined to a narrow plume to the east of it, wrapping around
    the western periphery of flat subtropical ridging centered off the
    south Atlantic coast. Otherwise, with seasonably strong mid/upper
    flow generally confined to a cyclonic swath southwest of Hudson Bay
    through the eastern Canadian provinces and adjacent portions of the
    Northeast, severe thunderstorm potential across the U.S. seems
    likely to remain relatively low for mid to late May.

    ..Kerr.. 05/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 13, 2018 08:43:19
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526201001-23415-7747
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Sun May 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate some readjustment of general blocking within the
    large-scale pattern near the Pacific coast during the middle to
    latter portion of the coming work week. It does appear that at
    least one mid-level low and associated troughing within a southern
    branch of the split westerlies will migrate inland of the California
    coast, through the Great Basin, during this time frame, before
    subsequent developments become more unclear by next weekend. At the
    same time, mid/upper troughing may linger within the subtropical
    westerlies, across parts of the Southeast and eastern Gulf of
    Mexico. And it appears that seasonably high moisture content may
    remain confined to a narrow plume to the east of it, wrapping around
    the western periphery of flat subtropical ridging centered off the
    south Atlantic coast. Otherwise, with seasonably strong mid/upper
    flow generally confined to a cyclonic swath southwest of Hudson Bay
    through the eastern Canadian provinces and adjacent portions of the
    Northeast, severe thunderstorm potential across the U.S. seems
    likely to remain relatively low for mid to late May.

    ..Kerr.. 05/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 20, 2018 07:24:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200724
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200723

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sun May 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Uncharacteristically weak flow regime, for mid May, is expected to
    persist this week across most of the CONUS. As a result, severe
    predictability will necessarily be low during the day4-8 time frame.
    Even so, isolated severe will likely be observed at various
    locations but day-to-day convective variability, within a mostly
    weakly sheared environment, will reduce confidence in locating
    potential severe regions.

    ..Darrow.. 05/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 27, 2018 08:37:23
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1527410825-1857-4284
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270837
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270835

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CDT Sun May 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest runs of the medium-range models show decent consistency with
    handling of the main large-scale features Days 4-5, but begin to
    differ Day 6 (Friday) and beyond with respect to eastward
    progression of a western U.S. trough across the Rockies into the
    Plains. While enough similarity appears to exist with respect to
    the progression of this trough to indicate a likely increase in
    severe potential across the northern and central Plains Friday (Day
    6), confidence with respect to evolution is not high enough to
    warrant inclusion of an areal delineation at this time.

    In the shorter term, more isolated/less organized severe potential
    may across the central Plains vicinity Day 4 with hints of a subtle southern-stream disturbance moving across the area, and possibly
    over the Midwest/Ohio Valley vicinity where remnants of Alberto may
    potentially reside. For Day 5/Saturday, an increase in ridging over
    the central U.S. in advance of the approaching western trough
    suggests any stronger storms should be limited mainly to the
    northern High Plains, while modest flow aloft expected over the east
    suggests mostly disorganized convection. In all areas, Day 4-5 risk
    for severe storms appears too low at this time to warrant areal
    highlights/15% probability.

    ..Goss.. 05/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 06, 2018 08:27:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060827
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060825

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 AM CDT Fri Jul 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Predictability-Too-Low is highlighted for the extended period due in
    large part to the presence of a mid-level anticyclone persisting
    over much of the CONUS. The potential for organized severe
    thunderstorms will likely be confined to the northern High Plains
    eastward to the Upper Midwest with low-amplitude shortwave troughs
    cresting the upper ridge. Model variability is appreciably high
    regarding the details needed to reliably focus areas of greater
    severe concern.

    ..Smith.. 07/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 08, 2018 07:58:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080758
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080756

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0256 AM CDT Sun Jul 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The risk for organized severe thunderstorms appears greatest on
    Wednesday (day 4) over portions of the Upper Midwest as a mid-level
    shortwave trough flattens a larger-scale mid-level ridge over the
    north-central states. A very moist/unstable airmass would
    conditionally support the threat for severe weather over the Upper
    Midwest. Medium-range models vary slightly---therefore 15% severe probabilities will be deferred to possibly be introduced in later
    outlooks.

    A similar scenario may occur on Thursday (day 5) farther southeast
    over WI/IA but will defer for the time being on a possible area
    highlight.

    For Friday into next weekend, the mid-level anticyclone will be
    centered over the central U.S. and timing/placement differences in
    possible disturbances of interest for organized severe thunderstorms
    lends a low-predictability scenario.

    ..Smith.. 07/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 07, 2018 10:33:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0329 AM CDT Sat Jul 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The large-scale pattern will feature a mid-level anticyclone over
    the central U.S. Medium-range models show a shortwave trough moving
    across the U.S./Canadian border region from the ID/MT vicinity east
    to the Upper Midwest during the early half of the extended period.
    Variability in placement of features/timing differences preclude the introduction of highlighted severe areas. By late in the work week
    next week, considerable spread in the models is evident.

    ..Smith.. 07/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 09, 2018 08:21:26
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090821
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090819

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0319 AM CDT Mon Jul 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Thursday (day 4) organized severe thunderstorm potential will likely
    be related to the progression of a mid-level shortwave trough over
    the Upper Midwest and convective influences from Wednesday.
    Uncertainty remains regarding the location of potential 15% severe probabilities over the Upper MS Valley/western Great Lakes region.
    By Friday (day 5) and beyond, spatial/timing differences of possible
    mid-level disturbances traversing the northern tier of states lends
    a low-predictability highlight as a mid-level anticyclone is
    centered over the lower MO/lower OH Valleys.

    ..Smith.. 07/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 10, 2018 08:23:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100823
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100821

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0321 AM CDT Tue Jul 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper pattern is expected to remain dominated by expansive ridging
    covering all but the northern tier of CONUS through the weekend.
    Stronger westerly flow will remain in place from the Pacific
    Northwest along the international border and into the Great Lakes
    region. Guidance is in good agreement that a strong shortwave trough
    will move within this westerly flow aloft across southern Canada
    from D5/Saturday through D7/Monday. An attendant cold front will
    move across the northern Plains on D5/Saturday and central Plains
    and upper Midwest on D6/Sunday. Thunderstorms are likely as this
    front interacts with moist and unstable airmass ahead of it.
    However, spatial differences within the guidance regarding the
    corridors of instability as well as typical uncertainties associated
    with medium-range forecasts in the summer currently preclude
    introducing any severe probabilities.

    ..Mosier.. 07/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 11, 2018 08:31:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110831
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110830

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0330 AM CDT Wed Jul 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Most of the stronger mid-level westerly flow is expected to remain
    north of the US/Canada border through the weekend. A shortwave
    trough embedded within this stronger flow will move across the
    Canadian Prairie provinces on D4/Saturday and D5/Sunday. At the same
    time, an attendant cold front is expected to move through the
    northern/central Plains and Upper Midwest. The parent upper system
    is expected to continue eastward/northeastward through Ontario on
    D6/Monday with its associated cold front likely progressing through
    the Upper Great Lakes and Lower OH Valley.

    During each of these days, thunderstorms are likely as this front
    interacts with moist and unstable airmass ahead of it. However, the
    lack of stronger vertical shear will temper overall severe
    probabilities.

    After D6/Monday, further divergence within the model guidance
    results in predictability issues that preclude much forecast
    confidence.

    ..Mosier.. 07/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 12, 2018 08:17:42
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120817
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120816

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0316 AM CDT Thu Jul 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Western CONUS ridging is expected to persist through the weekend and
    into next week while the eastern CONUS ridging gradually breaks
    down. By D6/Tuesday, current model consensus suggests broad upper
    troughing will cover the majority of the eastern US with
    northwesterly flow aloft across the northern and central Plains.
    This northwesterly flow aloft atop southeasterly upslope flow into
    the central High Plains may result in the development of severe
    thunderstorms each day early next week. However, uncertainty
    regarding the overall pattern, largely a result of poor run-to-run
    consistency, as well as typical uncertainty regarding the mesoscale
    details results in an overall low-confidence forecast, precluding
    the certainty needed to outlook any areas.

    ..Mosier.. 07/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 13, 2018 08:46:43
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Fri Jul 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 and Tuesday/Day 5...
    The medium range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET, Canadian
    and Parallel FV3 move an upper-level trough across the upper
    Mississippi Valley on Monday. At the surface, the models move a cold
    front into the Great Lakes region and mid Mississippi Valley, along
    which thunderstorm development is expected to develop Monday
    afternoon. The cold front is forecast to move into the Ohio Valley
    and Northeast on Tuesday, along which thunderstorm development will
    again be possible. The best chance for an isolated severe threat
    would be in the northern Appalachians on Tuesday afternoon where
    deep-layer shear may be strong enough for marginally severe wind
    gusts.

    ...Wednesday/Day 6 to Friday/Day 8...
    On Wednesday, the models move an upper-level trough into the central
    states but vary on the amplitude and speed of the system. An axis of instability may be present in the parts of the central and northern
    Plains near the upper-level trough, along which thunderstorms will
    be possible Wednesday afternoon. Moderate deep-layer shear is
    forecast in parts of the central and northern Plains suggesting an
    isolated severe threat would be possible in some areas. However,
    model variance suggests uncertainty is considerable on Wednesday.

    On Thursday and Friday, the models move the upper-level trough
    across the mid Mississippi Valley and maintain northwest mid-level
    flow in the Great Plains. A severe threat would be possible in parts
    of the central and northern Plains each afternoon in areas that
    become moderately unstable. However, substantial uncertainty is
    present concerning the large-scale and mesoscale details for
    Thursday and Friday.

    ..Broyles.. 07/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 14, 2018 08:03:48
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140803
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140802

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0302 AM CDT Sat Jul 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 and Wednesday/Day 5...
    On Tuesday, the medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS,
    Canadian and UKMET move an upper-level trough southeastward across
    the Great Lakes. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to move
    southeastward into the Mid-Atlantic and central Appalachians.
    Although moderate instability is forecast ahead of the front from
    North Carolina into Maryland, both the ECMWF and GFS solutions are
    forecasting deep-layer shear to be below 30 kt. This would suggest
    that any severe threat that develops along the front should remain
    marginal Tuesday afternoon. On Wednesday, the models move the front
    southward into the Carolinas. Thunderstorms will again be possible
    along the front but shear should be too weak for a severe threat.

    Also on Wednesday, an upper-level trough is forecast to move across
    the central and northern Plains. Along the trough, some solutions
    suggest moderate instability will develop. If this occurs, then an
    isolated severe threat would be possible late Wednesday afternoon.
    The models are not in good agreement on the details of this scenario introducing a lot of uncertainty.

    ...Thursday/Day 6 to Saturday/Day 8...
    Models forecasts diverge even more on Thursday but the general
    consensus places an upper-level ridge in the Rockies and northwest
    mid-level flow in the lower to mid Missouri Valley. Thunderstorms
    would possible in parts of the central U.S. in areas near boundaries
    and where instability maximizes. On Friday and Saturday, the models
    show an upper-level ridge in the central states with an upper-level
    trough in the east. However, model variance is large suggesting
    uncertainty is substantial at this range.

    ..Broyles.. 07/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 15, 2018 08:08:55
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150808
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150807

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0307 AM CDT Sun Jul 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 and Thursday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian
    are in general agreement on Wednesday, with an upper-level ridge in
    the west and a shortwave trough in the north-central U.S. The
    models are forecasting a broad corridor of instability on Wednesday
    from the Ozarks extending north-northwestward into the northern
    Plains. Depending upon the timing of the shortwave trough,
    thunderstorms will be possible along this corridor Wednesday
    afternoon and evening. A marginal severe threat will be possible
    from the mid Missouri Valley into the northern Plains. On Thursday,
    the models move the shortwave eastward into the mid to upper
    Mississippi Valley and amplify the system. Thunderstorms will again
    be possible Thursday afternoon along and ahead of the shortwave
    trough. Although a severe threat will be possible on Wednesday and
    Thursday in parts of the north-central United States, uncertainty
    concerning the timing and instability remains substantial.

    ...Friday/Day 6 to Sunday/Day 8...
    On Friday, the models diverge in the solutions but on a broad-scale
    maintain a western U.S. upper-level ridge and eastern U.S.
    upper-level trough. The position of the trough is doubtful at this
    range but model consensus would put the greatest potential for
    thunderstorm development in the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. An
    isolated severe threat would be possible Friday afternoon into the
    early evening. On Saturday and Sunday, the models move the
    upper-level trough slowly eastward but vary considerably on the
    amplitude of the system and amount of instability that will be in
    place. Thunderstorms with some potentially strong, would be possible
    ahead of the upper-level trough in areas that destabilize the most.
    Uncertainty is considerable at this range.

    ..Broyles.. 07/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 16, 2018 08:47:28
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160847
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160846

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CDT Mon Jul 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 and Friday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models move a shortwave trough into the upper
    Mississippi Valley on Thursday but agreement is not good even early
    in the day 4 to 8 period. The ECMWF and GFS are faster than the
    Canadian and UKMET solutions while the Parallel-FV3 is deeper and
    further south. The ECMWF and GFS solutions suggests the upper-level
    trough will not be phased-well with the area of greatest instability
    in the central Plains. In spite of this, isolated severe storms
    could still form behind the upper-level trough in the mid Missouri
    Valley but uncertainty is high due to model spread.

    On Friday, the models move the upper-level trough into the western
    Great Lakes and mid Mississippi Valley with moderate instability
    located in the base of the trough. Moderate deep-layer shear is also
    forecast in the mid Mississippi Valley where a severe threat will be
    possible late Friday afternoon into the evening. However,
    uncertainty concerning the timing of the upper-level trough is
    considerable.

    ...Saturday/Day 6 to Monday/Day 8...
    From Saturday to Monday, the models move the upper-level trough
    slowly eastward across the eastern U.S. Although moderate
    instability may develop each day across parts of the Southeast and
    along parts of the Atlantic Seaboard, deep-layer shear is forecast
    to be relatively weak. This would keep any severe threat marginal.
    Uncertainty concerning the trough timing reduces predictability for
    next weekend's forecast.

    ..Broyles.. 07/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 17, 2018 07:37:34
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170737
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170735

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CDT Tue Jul 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 and Saturday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models are in much better agreement early in the
    Day 4 to 8 period. The ECMWF, GFS, Canadian and UKMET move an
    upper-level trough across the mid Mississippi Valley on Friday and
    show the moist sector in the base of the trough. This would imply
    that moderate instability will be in place by Friday afternoon
    across parts of Missouri and Arkansas extending eastward into
    western parts of the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. An isolated severe
    threat would be possible Friday afternoon along the northern edge of
    the strongest instability from near St. Louis, MO eastward to the
    Cincinnati, OH area. For Saturday, the models move the upper-level
    trough slowly eastward and again show the moist sector in the base
    of the system. The models would suggest an isolated severe threat
    will be possible across parts of the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys
    Saturday afternoon. Any severe threat would be probably remain
    marginal due to the relatively weak deep-layer shear forecast.

    ...Sunday/Day 6 to Tuesday/Day 8...
    The models continue to move the upper-level trough slowly eastward
    across the eastern U.S. from Sunday to Tuesday. Thunderstorms would
    be possible each day from near the upper-level trough eastward
    across the moist sector. For Sunday, the greatest potential for a
    marginal severe threat would be in the central Appalachians. The
    threat would shift eastward into the Mid-Atlantic on Monday and
    appears likely to diminish by Tuesday as the upper-level trough
    becomes less amplified. Also, a marginal severe threat can not be
    ruled out in parts of the central and northern Plains from Sunday to
    Tuesday but model spread is large and forecast uncertainty is high.

    ..Broyles.. 07/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 18, 2018 08:32:37
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180832
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180830

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0330 AM CDT Wed Jul 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 to Sunday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models are in reasonable agreement to start the day
    4 to 8 period. The ECMWF, GFS, Canadian, UKMET and Parallel FV3 all
    have an upper-level trough in the eastern U.S. on Saturday with the
    moist sector located across the Southeast. A cold front is forecast
    to move through the mid Mississippi Valley Saturday and into the
    Tennessee Valley and Southern Appalachian Mountains Saturday night. Thunderstorm development will be possible along and ahead of the
    front. Although uncertainty is substantial for Saturday, the models
    suggest moderate deep-layer shear will be in place across the moist
    sector. This would be sufficient for a severe threat across parts of
    the region where instability become maximized.

    On Sunday, the models move the upper-level trough toward the
    Atlantic coast and suggest the cold front will advance southward
    across the Southeast. Although an isolated severe threat would be
    possible along the front Sunday afternoon, a lot of uncertainty
    exists concerning the timing of the front and magnitude of
    instability.

    ...Monday/Day 6 to Wednesday/Day 8...
    On Monday, the models keep the upper-level trough over the eastern
    States and advance the cold front southward to near the Gulf Coast. Thunderstorms will again be possible along the front during the day.
    On Tuesday and Wednesday, the ECMWF, GFS and Parallel FV3 all
    develop a pocket of instability in the central High Plains where
    thunderstorm development will be possible each afternoon. The models
    show moderate deep-layer shear in place in the central High Plains
    suggesting a severe threat could develop on Tuesday and Wednesday.
    However, uncertainty is high late in the day 4 to 8 period.

    ..Broyles.. 07/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 20, 2018 08:53:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Fri Jul 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate that initially prominent Southwestern subtropical
    ridging may gradually weaken while becoming centered over the
    southern Great Basin by the end of the period. At the same time,
    substantive troughing within the mid-latitude westerlies may
    gradually dig into and through portions of the northern Plains and
    Upper Midwest by mid week, before turning eastward then
    northeastward across the Great Lakes through southern Ontario,
    Quebec and adjacent portions of the Northeast during the latter
    portion of the work week. This could be accompanied by some strong
    to severe storm potential. However, in the wake of the preceding
    upper trough, models suggest that seasonably modest lapse rates and
    low-level moisture may hinder the development of moderate to strong
    CAPE. This could limit severe weather potential to generally
    marginal or rather localized events. At this time, severe weather probabilities across the U.S. appear less than 15 percent through
    this period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 21, 2018 08:29:17
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210827

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0327 AM CDT Sat Jul 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest medium range guidance continues to suggest that potential
    for moderate to strong boundary layer destabilization will remain
    low across much of the nation through at least mid to late in the
    work week. Some amplification of upper flow centered near the
    Canadian/U.S. border appears possible by late this week, including
    the southward development of a short wave trough within the
    mid-latitude westerlies into parts of the Upper Midwest, before it
    accelerates toward Quebec and the St. Lawrence Valley. This may be
    accompanied by a fairly significant cold front, and potential for
    considerable thunderstorm development posing a risk for damaging
    wind gusts along and ahead of it, from parts of the Ohio Valley into
    parts of the Northeast, Mid Atlantic and Southeast next Friday or
    Saturday. At this range, though, synoptic, and particularly
    sub-synoptic, developments remain characterized by low
    predictability, maintaining severe probabilities at less than 15
    percent through this period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 19, 2018 07:47:40
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    ------------=_1531986465-1941-389
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190747
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190746

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0246 AM CDT Thu Jul 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 and Monday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS, Canadian and UKMET
    are in reasonable agreement on Sunday with an upper-level trough
    located over the Southeast and a shortwave trough over the northern
    High Plains. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to move across
    the Northern Plains. An isolated severe threat will be possible
    along the front especially if moderate instability can develop
    Sunday afternoon. The front is forecast to move eastward into the
    Upper Mississippi Valley on Monday but the models differ on the
    magnitude of instability. If enough instability can develop ahead of
    the front, then an isolated severe threat would again be possible in
    parts of the Upper Mississippi Valley Monday afternoon. Even though
    a severe threat will be possible on Sunday and Monday, uncertainty
    is substantial concerning the distribution of instability making
    predictability low.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 to Thursday/Day 8...
    From Tuesday through Thursday, the models move an upper-level trough
    eastward from eastern portions of the northern Plains into the Great
    Lakes region. A cyclonic mid-level flow pattern is forecast across
    the central High Plains where both the ECMWF and GFS develop a
    pocket of moderate instability each afternoon. A severe threat would
    be possible each day in the central Plains where moderate deep-layer
    shear is forecast and mid-level lapse rates should be steep.
    However, the synoptic-scale and mesoscale details will be important
    concerning a severe threat. At this time, predictability for these
    factors is low for the Tuesday to Thursday time-frame.

    ..Broyles.. 07/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 22, 2018 08:36:26
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    ------------=_1532248592-1941-3023
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CDT Sun Jul 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models continue to indicate that a significant short wave impulse
    will dig across the central Canadian/U.S. border by mid week, before
    turning eastward and northeastward across Ontario and the upper
    Great Lakes, through Quebec and portions of the Northeast early this
    weekend. In the wake of preceding, increasingly sheared troughing
    accelerating across the Atlantic Seaboard, it remains unclear as to
    the extent to which associated forcing for ascent may interact with
    a residual seasonably moist air mass to the lee of the Appalachians.
    A risk for strong/severe thunderstorms does not appear out of the
    question Friday afternoon and evening across parts of the northern
    Mid Atlantic into New England, but due to large uncertainties,
    severe probabilities remain below 15 percent.

    Otherwise, the medium-range guidance indicates that upper ridging
    will build to the north of the prominent Southwestern subtropical
    high, through the Pacific Northwest, northern intermountain region
    and Rockies by late next weekend. A coinciding upper trough
    amplification may take place across the middle Mississippi into
    lower Ohio Valleys, perhaps accompanied by frontal wave development.
    However, appreciable organized severe thunderstorm potential is not
    readily apparent at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 07/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 23, 2018 08:55:58
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    ------------=_1532336160-1941-3753
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Mon Jul 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A fairly significant closed low within the mid-latitude westerlies
    is forecast to turn east of Ontario and the upper Great Lakes region
    by mid to late week, before accelerating northeastward across Quebec
    and adjacent portions of the Northeast by early next weekend.
    Preceding this feature, the increasingly sheared remnants of
    persistent troughing (now present to the east the Mississippi
    Valley) are finally expected to accelerate northeast of the middle
    and northern Atlantic coast. Seasonably high moisture content air
    lingering to the east of the Appalachians in the wake of this lead
    system could support sizable CAPE ahead of the cold front
    accompanying the trailing impulse. As this interacts with
    associated increasing deep layer shear and forcing for ascent,
    conditions could become supportive of severe storm development.
    While lingering uncertainties continue to preclude an outlook of 15
    percent severe probabilities, this currently seems most probable
    across parts of the northern Mid Atlantic coast region into the
    Hudson Valley Friday afternoon and evening.

    Otherwise, medium range guidance indicates generally low potential
    for moderate to strong destabilization across much of the remainder
    of the nation through the period, with the possible exception of the
    Front Range of the Rockies into the central High Plains on Saturday.
    This may coincide with the progression of another significant short
    wave impulse digging to the east of amplifying western U.S.
    mid/upper ridging, which could provide support for organized severe
    storm development. Again, levels of certainty are not yet high
    enough to outlook 15 percent severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 07/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 24, 2018 09:00:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Tue Jul 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A fairly significant mid-level low and associated short wave trough
    appear likely to gradually accelerate northeast of Ontario and the
    Great Lakes region through Quebec and parts of the Northeast late
    this week into the weekend. Potential for appreciable
    destabilization ahead of an associated cold front across much of the
    Northeast and Ohio Valley on Friday still seems low, and likely to
    limit severe weather potential in general. One exception may be
    across parts of the northern Mid Atlantic Coast region into the
    Hudson Valley, where the lingering presence of seasonably high
    moisture content could potentially support sufficient
    destabilization for strong/severe thunderstorm development.
    However, the extent of this risk remains unclear due to the possible
    late timing of large-scale forcing for ascent across this region,
    which may be after dark, and the weak to modest nature of the
    expected low-level ambient wind fields, among other factors.

    Elsewhere, beneath northwesterly mid-level flow which appears likely
    to persist across the Rockies/Plains through the weekend into early
    next week, it still appears that strongest diurnal destabilization
    across the Front Range vicinity into the central high Plains may be
    on Saturday, ahead of another significant digging short wave trough.
    The environment could become conducive to supercell development and
    the evolution of one or two organized mesoscale convective systems.
    However, this potential could be altered by uncertain sub-synoptic
    developments and associated convection on preceding days.

    Additionally, guidance suggests that moisture return to the
    Southwestern Deserts, supportive of moderate to strong CAPE, is
    probable by this weekend and will persist into at least early next
    week. This probably will be accompanied by increasing potential for
    strong to severe storms, but potential for well organized
    significant thunderstorm clusters developing southward off the
    Mogollon Rim and/or westward off the mountains of southeast Arizona
    is not yet readily evident.

    ..Kerr.. 07/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 25, 2018 08:55:36
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    ------------=_1532508939-1941-4822
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Wed Jul 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Little change to the large-scale pattern is expected into next
    weekend, with subtropical ridging remaining prominent across the
    southwestern U.S. and across the western Atlantic, and broad
    troughing in between, across the northern Plains/upper half of the
    Mississippi Valley through the middle and northern Atlantic
    Seaboard. Within the mid-latitude westerlies portion of the
    cyclonic regime, one initial vigorous short wave trough is expected
    to accelerate out of eastern Canada into the northwestern Atlantic
    early in the period, as another amplifies while digging southeast of
    the northern Rockies. After progressing across middle/lower
    portions of the Mississippi Valley by early next week, models
    suggest that this latter feature may turn northeastward through the
    lower Ohio Valley/central Appalachians vicinity, before becoming
    increasingly sheared across the lower Great Lakes into St. Lawrence
    Valley by the mid week. This may be accompanied by weak frontal
    wave development across the Allegheny Plateau vicinity.

    In association with these developments, steep mid-level lapse rates
    (associated with a lingering plume of elevated mixed-layer air
    advecting east of the Rockies) could continue to contribute to
    organized severe weather potential beneath moderate to strong
    northwesterly mid/upper flow across parts of the central Plains on
    Saturday. However, it remains unclear what impact convective
    activity in preceding days (particularly Friday) will have on this
    potential, and this among other factors contributes to the
    maintenance of less than 15 percent severe probabilities.

    Thereafter, severe potential remains unclear and seems likely to
    remain relatively low until at least next Tuesday, when
    strengthening wind fields across the Mid Atlantic coast region
    (east/northeast of the central Appalachians), associated with the
    frontal wave, could contribute to a risk for organized severe
    storms. Among other factors, the magnitude of destabilization
    across this region remains unclear enough to maintain less than 15
    percent severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 07/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 26, 2018 08:56:42
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Thu Jul 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to indicate that a significant short
    wave trough, evolving within the mid-latitude westerlies by early
    this weekend, will continue to amplify and dig southeastward to the
    east of the Rockies late in the weekend through early next week.
    The main embedded perturbation within this feature may reach the
    middle Mississippi Valley/Ozark Plateau by early Tuesday, before
    turning northeastward and becoming increasingly sheared while
    accelerating across the Great Lakes into Quebec during the mid to
    latter portion of next week.

    On Sunday, it is at least possible that elevated mixed-layer air
    advecting off the Colorado Rockies into the central high Plains
    could contribute to destabilization supportive of one more day of
    organized severe storm potential, within/beneath northwest flow on
    the southwestern periphery of the digging trough. The most favored
    area may be near/just south of the 5 percent severe area depicted in
    the outlook for Saturday (Day 3). However, it is possible that
    considerable preceding convective development over the prior days
    could substantially alter this potential.

    Thereafter, with guidance indicating little potential for moderate
    to strong boundary layer destabilization, organized severe weather
    potential may largely hinge on the strength of the developing
    frontal wave associated with the short wave trough. It is possible
    the deep layer wind fields and shear could strengthen sufficiently
    as the wave migrates northeastward across the lower Ohio Valley
    through the lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Valley next Tuesday and
    Wednesday. However, this remains highly uncertain due to
    considerable model spread.

    ..Kerr.. 07/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 26, 2018 09:02:12
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    ------------=_1532595738-1941-5385
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Thu Jul 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to indicate that a significant short
    wave trough, evolving within the mid-latitude westerlies by early
    this weekend, will continue to amplify and dig southeastward to the
    east of the Rockies late in the weekend through early next week.
    The main embedded perturbation within this feature may reach the
    middle Mississippi Valley/Ozark Plateau by early Tuesday, before
    turning northeastward and becoming increasingly sheared while
    accelerating across the Great Lakes into Quebec during the mid to
    latter portion of next week.

    On Sunday, it is at least possible that elevated mixed-layer air
    advecting off the Colorado Rockies into the central high Plains
    could contribute to destabilization supportive of one more day of
    organized severe storm potential, within/beneath northwest flow on
    the southwestern periphery of the digging trough. The most favored
    area may be near/just south of the 5 percent severe area depicted in
    the outlook for Saturday (Day 3). However, it is possible that
    considerable preceding convective development over the prior days
    could substantially alter this potential.

    Thereafter, with guidance indicating little potential for moderate
    to strong boundary layer destabilization, organized severe weather
    potential may largely hinge on the strength of the developing
    frontal wave associated with the short wave trough. It is possible
    the deep layer wind fields and shear could strengthen sufficiently
    as the wave migrates northeastward across the lower Ohio Valley
    through the lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Valley next Tuesday and
    Wednesday. However, this remains highly uncertain due to
    considerable model spread.

    ..Kerr.. 07/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 26, 2018 09:08:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 260908
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260907

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0407 AM CDT Thu Jul 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    CORRECTED GRAPHICS

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to indicate that a significant short
    wave trough, evolving within the mid-latitude westerlies by early
    this weekend, will continue to amplify and dig southeastward to the
    east of the Rockies late in the weekend through early next week.
    The main embedded perturbation within this feature may reach the
    middle Mississippi Valley/Ozark Plateau by early Tuesday, before
    turning northeastward and becoming increasingly sheared while
    accelerating across the Great Lakes into Quebec during the mid to
    latter portion of next week.

    On Sunday, it is at least possible that elevated mixed-layer air
    advecting off the Colorado Rockies into the central high Plains
    could contribute to destabilization supportive of one more day of
    organized severe storm potential, within/beneath northwest flow on
    the southwestern periphery of the digging trough. The most favored
    area may be near/just south of the 5 percent severe area depicted in
    the outlook for Saturday (Day 3). However, it is possible that
    considerable preceding convective development over the prior days
    could substantially alter this potential.

    Thereafter, with guidance indicating little potential for moderate
    to strong boundary layer destabilization, organized severe weather
    potential may largely hinge on the strength of the developing
    frontal wave associated with the short wave trough. It is possible
    the deep layer wind fields and shear could strengthen sufficiently
    as the wave migrates northeastward across the lower Ohio Valley
    through the lower Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Valley next Tuesday and
    Wednesday. However, this remains highly uncertain due to
    considerable model spread.

    ..Kerr.. 07/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 27, 2018 07:44:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270744
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270743

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CDT Fri Jul 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range model guidance is in general agreement into the
    middle of next week regarding the evolution of a pronounced trough.
    This feature will dig into the lower MS Valley by day5 then into the
    OH Valley day6/7. As a result, heights will be suppressed
    anomalously low across the south-central US as a belt of moderately
    strong 500mb flow rounds the base of the trough, extending into the
    OH Valley. This flow regime appears favorable for a considerable
    amount of convection, driven in large part by the trough. Prior
    convective influences will undoubtedly modulate the potential for
    robust storms and possible severe. While the severe threat should
    increase from the Arklatex region into the OH Valley, predictability
    will remain low due to day-to-day convective disruptions.

    ..Darrow.. 07/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 28, 2018 07:45:52
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    ------------=_1532763955-1941-6668
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280745
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280744

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0244 AM CDT Sat Jul 28 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    00Z/20 model guidance is in reasonable agreement next week regarding
    the progression of a short-wave trough as it translates slowly
    across the MS Valley day4/5 into the Great Lakes/OH Valley region
    day6. This feature is then forecast to weaken considerably as it
    lifts into southeastern Canada/New England. This slow-moving trough
    will undoubtedly enhance the convective potential along a very moist
    corridor from the lower MS Valley into the OH Valley; however,
    substantial convective overturning and the lack of meaningful lapse
    rates should limit buoyancy within the favorably sheared portion of
    the trough. While a localized damaging wind gust can not be ruled
    out, latest data suggests the probability for organized severe is
    less than 15%.

    ..Darrow.. 07/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 30, 2018 07:35:01
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    ------------=_1532936107-1941-7848
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300734
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300733

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Mon Jul 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper ridge over the northern inter-mountain region will flatten
    considerably late this week as several notable short-wave troughs
    eject across the Pacific Northwest toward the northern Plains.
    Models are in general agreement through day4 with a strong
    short-wave trough expected to move into western MT. However,
    significant differences develop in the day5/6 time frame regarding
    the speed/trajectory of this feature as it moves downstream. GFS is
    notably stronger in suppressing heights across the Dakotas late
    Friday and this stronger/quicker solution would imply a possible
    severe risk across this region. However, the ECMWF is not nearly as
    aggressive with the short wave with substantially more ridging
    holding across the northern Plains. A new reservoir of instability
    should develop across this region by late week which could support
    organized severe. However, too much uncertainty exists regarding the timing/placement of aforementioned short-wave trough to introduce
    15% severe probs across this region. Even so, some severe threat may
    ultimately evolve by this weekend.

    ..Darrow.. 07/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 31, 2018 07:30:12
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    ------------=_1533022217-1941-8357
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    ACUS48 KWNS 310730
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310728

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Tue Jul 31 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range model guidance generally agree that stronger
    mid-high level flow will retreat to near the international border
    with a repositioning of a larger anticyclone over the southeastern
    United States late in the period. Several short-wave troughs are
    forecast to eject across the Pacific Northwest toward the northern
    Plains but variability among the models is stark beyond day4. There
    is some concern that organized convection could develop across the
    Dakotas day4 as one pronounced disturbance ejects across MT toward
    ND. If the timing/placement of this feature remains consistent in
    later model guidance then low severe probs may be introduced across
    the northern Plains. Otherwise, variability is too great beyond day4
    to warrant a consideration of severe probs.

    ..Darrow.. 07/31/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 01, 2018 07:44:34
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    ------------=_1533109477-1941-8789
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010744
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010743

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CDT Wed Aug 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    01/00z model guidance continues to suggest a fairly active
    wave-train will develop across the northern Great Basin into the
    Dakotas during the day4-5 time frame. ECMWF/GFS/UKMET/Canadian
    models show little consistency with each other regarding the
    timing/placement of these smaller embedded features. Latest data
    suggests instability will increase across the central plains into
    the Dakotas which should support organized convection. While robust thunderstorms may ultimately evolve across this region over the
    weekend, low predictability regarding short wave timing/placement
    will negate the introduction of 15% severe probs this period.
    However, severe probs may ultimately be added to this region in
    later outlooks.

    ..Darrow.. 08/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 29, 2018 07:40:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532850059-1941-7228
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290740
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290739

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CDT Sun Jul 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Slow-moving upper trough is forecast to weaken and lift across the
    OH Valley into southeastern Canada toward the end of the week. As
    this occurs, the large-scale pattern will become more zonal with the
    strongest flow retreating to near the international border. High-PW
    air mass and poor lapse rates preclude introducing severe probs
    across the eastern US ahead of the weakening trough. However, late
    in the week a substantial short-wave trough is forecast to flatten
    the ridge over MT before ejecting into the northern Plains. This
    feature may ultimately encourage organized deep convection across
    the Dakotas or MN toward the weekend. Even so, predictability
    remains a bit too low regarding severe, especially given the
    expected day7-8 time frame.

    ..Darrow.. 07/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 02, 2018 07:41:18
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    ------------=_1533195682-1941-9255
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020741
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020740

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CDT Thu Aug 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range guidance suggests mid-level ridge will expand
    east across the southern Rockies into the High Plains into the early
    part of next week. While most models disagree on individual short
    wave placement and timing along the northern periphery of this
    feature, there is broad consensus that a corridor of stronger
    mid-high level flow will extend across the Great Basin through WY
    into the central Plains. This flow regime will become increasingly
    favorable for sustaining convection that develops off the higher
    terrain with subsequent movement into an environment that should be sufficiently moist/buoyant for robust updrafts. Will not introduce
    15% severe probs at this time due to timing differences in model
    guidance, but overall there appears to be support for an increasing
    severe threat across the central Plains during the medium-range
    period.

    ..Darrow.. 08/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 03, 2018 08:47:09
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533286035-55329-522
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030847
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Fri Aug 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest runs of the medium-range models appear to be in
    reasonably good agreement through much of the period, with respect
    to evolution of the major synoptic features. The greatest severe
    risk evident during the period appears likely to exist days 4-5
    (Tuesday 8-6 and Wednesday 8-7), as a cold front shifts across the
    Upper Midwest and central Plains Tuesday, and then into the
    Northeast and Midwest region Wednesday. With a belt of enhanced (40
    kt) mid-level cyclonic flow expected near/atop the frontal zone,
    shear should prove sufficient for a few stronger storms developing
    near the front -- from the central High Plains to the upper Midwest
    Tuesday, and then over parts of the Northeast and Ohio valley region
    Wednesday, as well as possibly a separate area of potential over the central/southern High Plains area. With that said, the risk on both
    Day 4 and Day 5 does not appear substantial enough at this point to
    introduce areal outlines.

    As the cold front moves off the East Coast Day 6 -- potentially
    prior to peak heating -- risk appears lesser/uncertain. Afterward,
    the combination of increasing uncertainty and a forecast/relatively
    weak surface pattern precludes any severe weather highlights through
    the end of the period.

    ..Goss.. 08/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 03, 2018 16:00:04
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533312007-55329-676
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    ACUS48 KWNS 031559
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 031558

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1058 AM CDT Fri Aug 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    CORRECTED SEVERAL REFERENCES TO DAY OF WEEK

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest runs of the medium-range models appear to be in
    reasonably good agreement through much of the period, with respect
    to evolution of the major synoptic features. The greatest severe
    risk evident during the period appears likely to exist days 4-5
    (Monday 8-6 and Tuesday 8-7), as a cold front shifts across the
    Upper Midwest and central Plains Monday, and then into the Northeast
    and Midwest region Tuesday. With a belt of enhanced (40 kt)
    mid-level cyclonic flow expected near/atop the frontal zone, shear
    should prove sufficient for a few stronger storms developing near
    the front -- from the central High Plains to the upper Midwest
    Monday, and then over parts of the Northeast and Ohio valley region
    Tuesday, as well as possibly a separate area of potential over the central/southern High Plains area. With that said, the risk on both
    Day 4 and Day 5 does not appear substantial enough at this point to
    introduce areal outlines.

    As the cold front moves off the East Coast Day 6 -- potentially
    prior to peak heating -- risk appears lesser/uncertain. Afterward,
    the combination of increasing uncertainty and a forecast/relatively
    weak surface pattern precludes any severe weather highlights through
    the end of the period.

    ..Goss.. 08/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 03, 2018 16:23:48
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    ------------=_1533313432-55329-686
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    ACUS48 KWNS 031623
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 031622

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 2
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CDT Fri Aug 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    CORRECTED SEVERAL REFERENCES TO DAY OF WEEK

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest runs of the medium-range models appear to be in
    reasonably good agreement through much of the period, with respect
    to evolution of the major synoptic features. The greatest severe
    risk evident during the period appears likely to exist days 4-5
    (Monday 8-6 and Tuesday 8-7), as a cold front shifts across the
    Upper Midwest and central Plains Monday, and then into the Northeast
    and Midwest region Tuesday. With a belt of enhanced (40 kt)
    mid-level cyclonic flow expected near/atop the frontal zone, shear
    should prove sufficient for a few stronger storms developing near
    the front -- from the central High Plains to the upper Midwest
    Monday, and then over parts of the Northeast and Ohio valley region
    Tuesday, as well as possibly a separate area of potential over the central/southern High Plains area. With that said, the risk on both
    Day 4 and Day 5 does not appear substantial enough at this point to
    introduce areal outlines.

    As the cold front moves off the East Coast Day 6 -- potentially
    prior to peak heating -- risk appears lesser/uncertain. Afterward,
    the combination of increasing uncertainty and a forecast/relatively
    weak surface pattern precludes any severe weather highlights through
    the end of the period.

    ..Goss.. 08/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 04, 2018 08:43:47
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    ------------=_1533372229-55329-1210
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sat Aug 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in decent large-scale agreement through the
    period, and largely suggestive of tempered severe risk. Limited
    risk for severe weather may affect portions of New England
    Tuesday/Day 4, as short-wave troughing crosses Quebec and an
    associated/weak surface front shifts across the region. Afterward,
    a weaker flow field -- with weak troughing in the east and ridging
    in the west -- should prevail through much of the period, along with correspondingly low severe potential.

    ..Goss.. 08/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 05, 2018 08:37:22
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    ------------=_1533458245-55329-1679
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050837
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050835

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CDT Sun Aug 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest runs of the medium-range models appear to suggest minimal
    severe risk early in the period, though confidence in model output
    diminishes with time as differences emerge rather quickly --
    particularly surrounding the inland advance of an eastern Pacific
    storm system. While the pattern should remain largely benign east
    of the Rockies through much of the period, this eastern Pacific
    trough could bring an increase in organized convective potential
    over portions of the West, as early as late next week and then into
    the weekend. However, with the GFS and ECMWF drastically different
    with respect to evolution/progression of this low/trough,
    predictability appears quite low at this time.

    ..Goss.. 08/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 06, 2018 08:13:28
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533543211-55329-2158
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060813
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060812

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0312 AM CDT Mon Aug 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest runs of the GFS and ECMWF are in reasonably good
    large-scale agreement through Day 6/Saturday, after which divergence
    in solutions increases through the end of the period.

    Prior to that, however, through the first few days of the period, a
    mid-level trough is forecast to linger over the eastern U.S., with
    only a weak/sagging frontal passage across the Northeast and Midwest
    during this time. While a few stronger storms may accompany the
    front given moderate mid-level westerlies, risk appears well below
    thresholds necessary to highlight a risk area at this time.

    Meanwhile in the West, eastward progression of the upper ridge is
    forecast, mainly on its northern fringe, as a short-wave trough
    moves onshore by early Day 5/Friday. The trough is then progged to
    continue advancing inland through the period, being shunted
    northeastward into the Canadian Rockies and then the Prairie
    Provinces with time by the persistent ridging. As the associated
    cold front crosses the Northern Intermountain region, isolated
    storms, and possibly low-end risk for severe weather, may possibly
    evolve. However, what should be a substantial lack of low-level
    moisture suggests insufficient instability for a more appreciable
    severe risk.

    ..Goss.. 08/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 07, 2018 08:56:38
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533632202-55329-2973
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Tue Aug 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Recent runs of the medium-range models show reasonable agreement
    through days 6-7, with differences emerging late in the period as a
    cold front crosses the northwestern and north central portions of
    the country.

    In the meantime, cyclonic flow is progged to persist in the East, as
    gradual evolution from troughing toward an Ohio Valley closed low is
    expected. While scattered thunderstorms will be prevalent during
    the period over the east, generally weak flow suggests that storms
    will remain largely disorganized.

    Farther west, an eastern Pacific trough is forecast to advance
    inland, crossing the Pacific Northwest and then continuing
    northeastward across the Canadian Rockies and eventually the Prairie
    Provinces. An attendant/aforementioned cold front will cross
    northern portions of the Intermountain Region and eventually the
    north-central U.S., but limited moisture -- and thus weak
    instability -- is expected ahead of the front, especially prior to
    the front entering the Plains. As a result, the thermodynamic
    environment should prove unfavorable for any more than very isolated
    storms prior through Day 5/Saturday Aug. 11.

    Convective potential -- and associated severe risk -- may increase
    as the front crosses the northern Plains Day 6/Sunday Aug. 12, and
    then the upper Mississippi Valley/western Upper Great Lakes Day
    7/Monday Aug. 13. However, with orientation of the pattern
    suggestive that stronger flow aloft will be displaced well to the
    northwest of the warm sector, it appears at this time that severe
    risk will remain limited/isolated -- and thus not requiring an areal
    highlight at this time.

    ..Goss.. 08/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 09, 2018 08:51:15
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533804681-55329-4533
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090851
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090849

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0349 AM CDT Thu Aug 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models exhibit reasonable agreement at this time with
    respect to pattern evolution through the period.

    Early in the period, a pair of cut-off lows should continue to
    evolve -- one over the Ohio Valley vicinity and the other over the
    southern Rockies/southern and central Plains region. Eventually
    however, as troughing crossing central Canada crests the ridge and
    begins to dig a bit east-southeastward across the Great Lakes, both
    of the cut-off lows are forecast to become re-acquired by the main
    belt of westerlies, and thus progress eastward across the eastern
    U.S. through the end of the period. While widespread convection --
    and possibly local/low-end severe risk -- can be expected near both
    features, the degree of risk does not appear to justify an outlook
    area at this time.

    Meanwhile, an eastward-advancing cold front associated with the
    aforementioned upper trough crossing central Canada will cross the north-central U.S. days 4-5 (Sunday 8-12 and Monday 8-13), and then
    into/across the Great Lakes region and eventually eastern Canada and
    the northeastern U.S. through the end of the period. Thunderstorms
    will accompany the front, but with faster flow aloft to remain
    north/west of the frontal zone, shear should remain limited and thus
    storms largely disorganized.

    ..Goss.. 08/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 10, 2018 08:32:02
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533889925-55329-5202
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100831
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100830

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0330 AM CDT Fri Aug 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A pair of upper lows is expected to persist through the weekend
    before eventually devolving into open waves by mid-week as a more
    progressive shortwave trough moves across the northern Plains and
    upper Midwest. In the wake of the progressive shortwave trough,
    upper ridging will likely begin building across the western CONUS
    starting on D6/Wednesday.

    The overall pattern looks favorable for widespread thunderstorm
    development across a large portion of the central and eastern CONUS
    as well as over the central/southern Rockies and Southwest. However,
    the lack of stronger flow aloft and resulting dearth of vertical
    shear will likely limit storm organization. Localized strong/severe
    storms are possible but the degree of risk does not merit any
    outlook areas at this time.

    ..Mosier.. 08/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 08, 2018 08:54:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533718478-55329-3753
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Wed Aug 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Current runs of the medium-range models exhibit reasonable agreement
    through roughly Day 6/Monday 8-13, with one trough shifting from the
    Pacific Northwest east-northeast across the Canadian Rockies and
    into the Prairie Provinces, and a second/elongated trough stretching
    from the Northeast/New England southwestward into the southern
    Plains -- remaining quasistationary for several days. Meanwhile,
    ridging is forecast to prevail over the Southwest and Great Basin.

    As the Pacific Northwest trough shifts into Canada with time, a cold
    front is forecast to cross the northern Intermountain Region Day
    4/Saturday 8-11, the northern Plains Day 5, and then the upper
    Mississippi Valley Day 6. While isolated afternoon and evening
    thunderstorms will likely accompany the frontal advance Days 4 and
    5, followed by the possibility for somewhat more numerous storms Day
    6 into the upper Mississippi Valley region and western Upper Great
    Lakes, relatively weak flow atop the frontal zone/warm sector
    expected at this time suggests that storms should remain largely
    disorganized.

    Scattered storms are also expected over the southern and eastern
    portions of the country, near and southeast of the aforementioned
    upper troughing. However, generally weak flow should limit storm
    intensity in most areas.

    Afterward, while models begin to diverge with respect to their
    respective solutions days 7 and 8, the overall pattern evolution
    still suggests minimal severe risk at this time.

    ..Goss.. 08/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 11, 2018 08:27:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110827
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110826

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CDT Sat Aug 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough may drop through the northeast periphery of the
    building upper ridge and into the central High Plains on
    D5/Wednesday. Some severe thunderstorms are possible ahead of this
    system, although anticipated coverage is currently too low to merit
    the delineation of the threat area.

    Upper low centered over the central Plains at the beginning of the
    period (12Z Tuesday) is expected to gradually drift northeastward,
    eventually becoming absorbed into the previously mentioned shortwave
    trough as it moves into the Upper Great Lakes region on D6/Thursday. Thunderstorms are possible along and ahead of a cold front
    associated with this system (i.e. across the OH Valley and
    Northeast) on D6/Thursday and D7/Friday but the occurrence of any
    severe storms should remain isolated.

    ..Mosier.. 08/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 12, 2018 08:23:11
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120823
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120821

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0321 AM CDT Sun Aug 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Guidance is in reasonable agreement that a shortwave trough will
    move southeastward across the northern/central Plains on
    D3/Wednesday and across the mid MO Valley into the mid MS Valley on D4/Thursday. As it does, it will merge will the northward-drifting
    upper low moving from the southern Plains into the mid MS Valley.
    Showers and thunderstorm are likely near and ahead of both of these
    features, but generally modest upper flow should temper vertical
    shear and limit storm organization and strength.

    Elsewhere, upper ridging will build from the Southwest up through
    the Great Basin and into the northern Rockies through at least
    D6/Friday. Daily diurnal thunderstorms are possible beneath this
    ridge but severe potential is limited.

    After D6/Friday, predictability becomes limited as run-to-run and model-to-model variability increases.

    ..Mosier.. 08/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 13, 2018 08:41:11
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    ------------=_1534149674-55329-6830
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CDT Mon Aug 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough will likely be moving through upper Midwest
    region on D4/Thursday, with an attendant surface low moving through
    the upper Great Lakes. Thunderstorms are expected along and ahead of
    this surface low and its associated cold front. Generally weak shear
    and modest instability should keep any severe threat isolated.
    Farther west, upper ridging expected to be in place across the
    western CONUS at the beginning of the period will likely break down
    as a shortwave trough enters the Pacific Northwest on D5/Friday and
    continues eastward through the northern Rockies on D6/Saturday.
    Breakdown of this upper ridge will result in more zonal upper flow
    and the potential for a more progressive pattern across the CONUS.
    Even so, the stronger westerlies are expected to stay well north of
    the international border, and the related weak flow environment
    typically results in low predictability, which is confirmed in this
    case by significant run-to-run and model-to-model variability after
    D5/Friday.

    ..Mosier.. 08/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 14, 2018 08:55:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Tue Aug 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that, in the mean, the synoptic-scale pattern
    will remain dominated by an upper trough in the east and an upper
    ridge centered over the Great Basin through much of days 4-8.
    Shortwave troughs embedded within this pattern will move from the
    Pacific NW through the Plains and into the eastern states.

    Friday (Day 4) Showers and storms will likely be ongoing over the
    northeast states, augmented by a weak, northeast-ejecting shortwave
    trough, as well as farther southwest through the OH Valley and lower
    MS Valley in association with a progressive shortwave trough. While
    afternoon redevelopment appears probable, primarily south of ongoing
    activity from the Middle Atlantic into the TN Valley, overall severe
    potential appears somewhat conditional/limited due to modest winds
    aloft along with thermodynamic uncertainties imposed by ongoing
    storms and widespread clouds.

    Saturday (Day 5) Storms may become more numerous over higher terrain
    and spread east into the High Plains as another weak shortwave
    trough moves through the northern and central Rockies. Generally
    weak winds aloft suggest multicells will be the dominant mode with a
    threat for isolated downburst winds.

    Beyond day 5 ensemble spreads increase suggesting low severe-storm predictability.

    ..Dial.. 08/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 15, 2018 08:52:42
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Wed Aug 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    In the mean, model consensus is that the upper pattern will remain characterized by a belt of modest quasi-zonal flow from the Pacific
    Northwest to the eastern U.S. with an upper ridge situated over the
    southwest states. A shortwave trough embedded within this regime is
    forecast to move from the northern Rockies into the central High
    Plains Saturday (day 4) and continue through the central Plains
    Sunday (day 5). Though some threat for severe storms will accompany
    this feature into the central High Plains Saturday, only a modest
    increase in winds aloft are expected, suggesting most storms should
    remain multicell in character. A severe threat might continue into
    Sunday over the central Plains, but degree of threat will depend in
    part on extent and impact of previous day's storms. Predictability
    beyond day 5 remains low with increasing dispersion among ensemble
    members.

    ..Dial.. 08/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 16, 2018 08:07:50
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160807
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160806

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0306 AM CDT Thu Aug 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper trough forecast to move from the Plains Sunday (day 4) into
    the northeast U.S. day 6 will be the primary feature of interest the
    first half of the 4-8 period. Only modest wind profiles will
    accompany this feature into the Plains, which in conjunction with
    ongoing widespread clouds and precipitation, precludes the
    introduction of categorical risk area for day 4 at this time. This
    feature will continue through the middle MS and OH Valleys Monday
    (day 5). The ECMWF maintains a somewhat stronger trough compared to
    the GFS which advertises this feature to weaken as it is absorbed by
    a northern-stream trough. In either case, the potential for a
    marginal thermodynamic environment lowers confidence in a more
    robust severe threat. Beyond day 5, model spreads increase with
    continued low predictability.

    ..Dial.. 08/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 17, 2018 07:44:25
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170744
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170743

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CDT Fri Aug 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Guidance differs markedly regarding the potential amplification of a
    shortwave trough expected to be over the central Great Plains/Lower
    MO Valley at 12Z Monday. The GFS is an outlier compared to the
    ECMWF/UKMET/CMC, but a few GEFS members do depict the substantial
    amplification noted by non-GFS guidance. The non-GFS guidance phases
    this shortwave impulse with another northern-stream impulse ejecting
    from the Prairie Provinces with cyclogenesis occurring over the
    Great Lakes on Day 5/Tuesday. Low-level wind fields would be
    sufficient for at least a damaging-wind risk in the Lower Great
    Lakes to central Appalachians vicinity. Even so, the thermodynamic
    environment will likely be characterized by poor mid/upper-level
    lapse rates amid precipitable water values around 2 inches. Severe
    potential should be modulated by the degree of surface heating that
    can occur downstream/in the wake of early-day (possibly widespread)
    convection.

    ..Grams.. 08/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 18, 2018 08:58:58
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 180858
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Sat Aug 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The potential for severe storms will initially exist on Tuesday/Day
    4 across parts of the Appalachians to the Mid-Atlantic
    States/Carolinas, although the impacts of potentially widespread
    cloud cover and a sub-optimal phasing of severe-conducive
    ingredients casts uncertainty on the magnitude and extent of the
    overall severe risk. Additionally, there will probably also be at
    least some severe potential across the north-central High Plains
    vicinity on Tuesday/Day 4 as low-level upslope flow increases in
    conjunction with a belt of relatively strong winds aloft.

    Otherwise, early indications are that at least some potential for
    severe storms may increase across parts of the northern Plains and
    Upper Midwest by around late Day 6/Thursday into Day 7/Friday.

    ..Guyer.. 08/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 19, 2018 08:53:35
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1534668821-1928-2376
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Sun Aug 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Any severe potential over the CONUS on Day 4/Wednesday should remain marginal/localized, especially since a cold front should generally
    exit the coastal Mid-Atlantic States/Carolinas relatively early on
    Wednesday.

    It still appears that at least some potential for severe storms may
    increase across parts of the north-central Plains and Upper Midwest
    by Day 5/Thursday into Day 6/Friday. This will be as low-level
    moisture returns into these regions in advance of an eastward-moving
    shortwave trough and associated belt of modest strength westerlies.
    Guidance variability and perceived modest overall severe potential
    precludes any 15% severe risk areas at this time.

    ..Guyer.. 08/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 20, 2018 09:06:40
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 200906
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200904

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0404 AM CDT Mon Aug 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    It appears likely that a more severe-conducive pattern will return
    to parts of the North-central Plains and Upper Midwest/Great Lakes
    late this week. This could initially occur on Day 4/Thursday into
    Day 5/Friday as low-level moisture returns in advance of an
    eastward-moving shortwave trough and associated belt of modest
    strength westerlies. On Thursday, it appears that severe
    thunderstorms could occur during the late afternoon into evening
    across parts of South Dakota and Nebraska in vicinity of a
    north/south-oriented boundary. Moderate buoyancy and adequate
    vertical shear could support some sustained multicells and a few
    supercells. Although details are less clear, the severe threat could
    develop generally eastward on Day 5/Friday into parts of
    Iowa/Missouri and Illinois.

    As the westerlies amplify over the northern tier of the CONUS,
    additional severe thunderstorms could occur this weekend mainly
    across the Upper Midwest to Great Lakes region.

    ..Guyer.. 08/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 21, 2018 08:40:11
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1534840815-1928-3402
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Tue Aug 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A series of shortwave troughs are expected to move from the northern
    Rockies eastward across the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest this weekend and into early next week while upper ridging
    builds in and persists across the southern Plains and Southeast.
    Low-level moisture is expected to advect into the middle/upper MS
    Valleys on Thursday and Friday, remaining in place through the
    weekend and into next week. The combination of this low-level
    moisture and a progressive upper pattern suggest a relatively more
    active period of severe weather may be possible across the Upper
    Midwest. Even so, uncertainties in the forecast, including the
    timing of each shortwave trough, the strength of convective
    inhibition, and the quality of the low-level moisture, keep the
    confidence of the location and coverage of severe thunderstorms too
    low to introduce any threat areas with this outlook.

    ..Mosier.. 08/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 21, 2018 09:41:44
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1534844505-1928-3424
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210941
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210940

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0440 AM CDT Tue Aug 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A series of shortwave troughs are expected to move from the northern
    Rockies eastward across the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest this weekend and into early next week while upper ridging
    builds in and persists across the southern Plains and Southeast.
    Low-level moisture is expected to advect into the middle/upper MS
    Valleys on Thursday and Friday, remaining in place through the
    weekend and into next week. The combination of this low-level
    moisture and a progressive upper pattern suggest a relatively more
    active period of severe weather may be possible across the Upper
    Midwest. Even so, uncertainties in the forecast, including the
    timing of each shortwave trough, the strength of convective
    inhibition, and the quality of the low-level moisture, keep the
    confidence of the location and coverage of severe thunderstorms too
    low to introduce any threat areas with this outlook.

    ..Mosier.. 08/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 21, 2018 09:57:40
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1534845463-1928-3432
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Tue Aug 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A series of shortwave troughs are expected to move from the northern
    Rockies eastward across the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest this weekend and into early next week while upper ridging
    builds in and persists across the southern Plains and Southeast.
    Low-level moisture is expected to advect into the middle/upper MS
    Valleys on Thursday and Friday, remaining in place through the
    weekend and into next week. The combination of this low-level
    moisture and a progressive upper pattern suggest a relatively more
    active period of severe weather may be possible across the Upper
    Midwest. Even so, uncertainties in the forecast, including the
    timing of each shortwave trough, the strength of convective
    inhibition, and the quality of the low-level moisture, keep the
    confidence of the location and coverage of severe thunderstorms too
    low to introduce any threat areas with this outlook.

    ..Mosier.. 08/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 22, 2018 08:50:21
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Wed Aug 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Saturday - Upper Midwest...
    Favorable mid-level moisture (i.e. dewpoints in the mid/upper 60s)
    will be in place ahead of an approaching cold front. Southwesterly
    mid-level flow ahead of the front will likely result in warm
    mid-level temperatures and resulting capping could temper storm
    coverage. However, given the approaching cold front and lift
    provided by a low-amplitude shortwave trough expected to move from
    ND northeastward into far northwestern Ontario, there will likely be
    enough lift to erode the convective inhibition, with at least widely
    scattered thunderstorms along or just ahead the cold front. Strong
    instability and moderate to strong vertical shear will result in an
    environment supportive of severe storms. Model guidance is trending
    towards more severe thunderstorm coverage but run-to-run and
    model-to-model variability is still too high for enough confidence
    to introduce a 15% severe probability.

    ...D5/Sunday - Northern Plains...
    Latest guidance depicts a favorable environment for severe
    thunderstorms across portions of the eastern Dakotas and adjacent southwest/west-central MN as low-level moisture advects back
    westward towards the northern High Plains ahead of the next
    shortwave trough. Steep mid-level lapse rates would likely remain in
    place, foster a strongly unstable airmass. A more western surface
    low position could also result in more southeasterly low-level flow
    and greater vertical veering of the low-level wind profiles. All of
    these factors suggest a potential for severe thunderstorms. However,
    much like D4/Saturday, guidance continues to struggle with
    consistency. Previous run of the ECMWF showed shortwave ridging
    across the region in contrast to the low-amplitude shortwave trough
    and attendant speed max depicted by the 00Z run. Consequently,
    uncertainty is too high to outline at 15% area with this outlook.

    ...D6/Monday - D8/Wednesday...
    A somewhat active upper pattern will likely persist across the
    northern Plains and Upper Midwest until at least the middle of next
    week when a deep shortwave ejects northeastward out of the Great
    Basin, leading to a significant change in the upper pattern. Given
    the ample low-level moisture anticipated to be in place, severe
    thunderstorms appear possible each day although predictability
    issues currently preclude introducing any areas.

    ..Mosier.. 08/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 23, 2018 08:41:23
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CDT Thu Aug 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...D4/Sunday - Northern Plains...
    Low-level moisture will likely advect back westward into the
    northern Plains as upper troughing across the northern Rockies
    fosters a strengthening lee trough. The strength of this moist
    advection will depend largely on the location of any developing lee
    lows and the resulting surface pressure gradient. Southward
    progression of an antecedent cold front will also influence this
    moisture return. Guidance continues to show run-to-run and
    model-to-model variability of these factors, leading to low
    confidence on the location and coverage of thunderstorms. Parameters
    are supportive of severe thunderstorms but predictability remains
    too low to introduce any areas with this outlook.

    ...D5/Monday - D8/Thursday...
    While the surface pattern progged for D5/Monday by the most recent
    guidance shows similarities, the upper patterns are significantly
    different. Guidance, particularly the ECMWF, also continues to
    struggle with run-to-run consistency. General expectation is for
    low-amplitude shortwave troughs to continue ejecting eastward across
    the Plains and Upper Midwest until the upper trough over the Pacific Northwest/northern Great Basin more coherently progresses eastward.
    Each of these low-amplitude systems as well as the parent upper
    trough could result in severe thunderstorms as they interact with
    the warm, moist, and unstable airmass persisting across the northern
    Plains and Upper Midwest. However, predictability issues preclude
    introducing any threat areas with this forecast.

    ..Mosier.. 08/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 24, 2018 08:56:57
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Fri Aug 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Larger-scale troughing evolving within the mid-latitude westerlies
    over the northern intermountain region and Rockies by early next
    week appears likely to shift eastward across the northern Plains,
    upper Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes region next Monday and
    Tuesday. However, the manner in which it does (probably not as one
    strong impulse) remains unclear. And this coupled with the
    uncertain influence of preceding convection and associated outflow
    results in low predictability concerning severe weather potential
    along and ahead of an associated surface front.

    In the wake of these features, models do indicate low-level moisture
    return beneath steepening mid-level lapse rates associated with
    elevated mixed layer air across the middle Missouri Valley into the
    Upper Midwest by next Thursday and Friday. This could be
    accompanied by increasing severe weather potential, given
    appreciable large-scale forcing for ascent. However, this remains
    highly uncertain due to increasing model spread with time concerning
    short wave developments within the mid-latitude westerlies.

    ..Kerr.. 08/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 25, 2018 08:40:01
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CDT Sat Aug 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    As a significant short wave trough emerging from the Northwest
    reaches the Upper Midwest by early Tuesday, considerable spread
    exists among the medium range model output concerning possible
    cyclogenesis along a surface front across the upper Great Lakes
    region through Quebec by early Thursday. Severe thunderstorm
    potential Tuesday across the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region may be considerably impacted by preceding convection and associated
    outflow. On Wednesday, mid/upper support for severe weather
    potential becomes increasingly unclear for areas south of the
    international border into northern New England and adjacent portions
    of the Northeast.

    Thereafter, there may be a relative lull in convective potential on
    Thursday, before low-level moisture return contributes to
    destabilization once again in the vicinity of the mid-latitude
    westerlies lingering across parts of the northern Plains into Upper
    Great Lakes region. Any organized severe weather potential is
    expected to generally hinge on the evolution and progression of
    embedded short wave developments which still remain unclear for late
    this coming work week into next weekend.

    ..Kerr.. 08/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 26, 2018 08:29:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260827

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0327 AM CDT Sun Aug 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Within an initially zonal belt of mid-latitude westerlies, a short
    wave impulse and associated surface wave could be accompanied by a
    belt of 30-50 kt flow (in the 850-500 mb layer) overspreading
    portions of northern New England on Wednesday. However, any
    associated severe weather potential across this region currently
    seems likely to be limited by modest to weak boundary layer
    instability.

    In the wake of this feature, higher boundary layer moisture content,
    initially suppressed to the south of the mid-latitude westerlies, is
    forecast to begin returning northward into parts of the northern
    Plains/Upper Midwest and adjacent Great Lakes region late this week.
    It appears that this will occur in the presence of steepening
    mid-level lapse rates, associated with a returning plume of elevated mixed-layer air ahead of the next significant short wave trough
    digging to the south of the international border area. While it is
    possible that, on Friday into Saturday, this could contribute to an
    environment supportive of organized convective development,
    including supercell structures and upscale growing convective
    clusters, predictability currently appears low enough to maintain
    severe probabilities at less than 15 percent.

    By late next weekend, it appears that subtropical ridging may become
    more prominent across much of the nation to the east of the Rockies.
    This may be accompanied by a retreat of the mid-latitude westerlies
    to the north of the Canadian/U.S. border, which may tend to limit
    the potential for organized severe storm development.

    ..Kerr.. 08/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 27, 2018 08:39:08
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270837

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0337 AM CDT Mon Aug 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The mid-latitude westerlies appear likely to remain generally zonal
    across parts of the northern tier of the U.S. and Canada late this
    week into next weekend. Subsequent evolution of the large-scale
    pattern remains unclear to the west of the Rockies, but subtropical
    ridging may become increasingly prominent across most areas east of
    the Rockies by early next week.

    Within the westerlies, models suggest that a vigorous short wave
    impulse could dig south of the Canadian/U.S. border area and
    contribute to increasing convective potential across parts of the
    Dakotas into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region, Friday into
    Saturday. This may coincide with strong destabilization
    accompanying boundary layer moisture return beneath the nose of a
    plume of elevated mixed-layer air emanating from the Great
    Basin/Rockies region, and contribute to at least some risk for
    organized severe storm development. However due to lingering spread
    within the model output indicating low predictability to the
    synoptic and sub-synoptic scale evolution, severe probabilities
    remain below 15 percent for this period, at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 08/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 28, 2018 07:32:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280732
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280731

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Tue Aug 28 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The threat for organized severe thunderstorms will concentrate
    during the early part of the extended period. Friday (day 4)
    appears to exhibit the best regional risk for severe from IA
    northeastward into the Upper Great Lakes. An elevated mixed layer
    is progged by a suite of model guidance to overspread the western
    part of the Midwest ahead of a disturbance forecast to move into the north-central U.S. Uncertainty remains if/how much convection may
    develop over parts of this broad region during the Thursday night
    period. In turn, this would impact the potential for severe over a
    portion of this region. Will defer the possible inclusion of
    15-percent probabilities to a later outlook update.

    By Saturday (day 5), the deamplifying character of the disturbance
    as it moves east into the Great Lakes casts some uncertainty in
    convective coverage/intensity for locales farther east and south.
    Sunday and beyond, the large-scale pattern will probably become less
    favorable for organized severe thunderstorms as a mid-level
    anticyclone strengthens over the eastern U.S. coincident with a weak
    trough over the West.

    ..Smith.. 08/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 29, 2018 07:48:03
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290747
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290746

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0246 AM CDT Wed Aug 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The large-scale upper pattern is forecast to feature a mid-level
    anticyclone expanding over the central and eastern states this
    weekend while the stronger westerlies are confined to north of the
    Canadian border. The potential for isolated severe thunderstorms
    may encompass an area from the middle MS Valley and western Great
    Lakes on Saturday. However, the intensity/coverage of possible
    stronger thunderstorms is still uncertain at this time. The next
    possible feature for renewing an identifiable risk for severe is
    related to a potential disturbance moving near the Canadian border
    east of the Rockies during the early part of the work week next
    week.

    ..Smith.. 08/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 30, 2018 07:06:06
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300706
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300704

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Thu Aug 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A seemingly quiescent pattern for severe thunderstorms is currently
    depicted in medium-range model guidance. The dominant large-scale
    feature is a mid-level anticyclone over the western Atlantic and
    eastern U.S. Only low-amplitude shortwave troughs are evident and
    are confined to near the Canadian border. Given the overall pattern
    and dearth of a notable feature to aid in organized
    severe-thunderstorm potential, the extended period will be
    highlighted as potential-too-low.

    ..Smith.. 08/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 31, 2018 07:32:11
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    ACUS48 KWNS 310732
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310730

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Aug 31 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in reasonable agreement regarding the
    large-scale pattern through the end of next week. Guidance suggests
    a persistent upper high will hold across the Middle Atlantic while
    broad but mostly weak troughing should be noted in the western
    United States. Several weak disturbances will likely eject across
    the central Plains into the upper Great Lakes region but repetitive
    precip events, along with seasonally high PW, suggest lapse rates
    will not be particularly steep. Resultant buoyancy would necessarily
    be modest and the prospect for organized severe should remain low
    through the day8 period.

    ..Darrow.. 08/31/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 01, 2018 07:30:45
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010730
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010729

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sat Sep 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range guidance continues to suggest upper ridging will
    dominate much of the eastern US with an anticyclone centered over
    the Middle Atlantic through the middle of next week. While broad
    troughing will be noted across the western portions of the country,
    the strongest mid-level flow should remain along/north of the
    international border. Given the slow-changing pattern, it appears
    significant clouds/precipitation will persist along a corridor from
    the southern Rockies into the Great Lakes. This should limit
    buoyancy across this region as lapse rates will struggle to
    regenerate off the higher terrain. There is some concern that
    adequate instability could evolve across portions of the northern
    Plains on a few days where stronger flow translates into this
    region. However, model uncertainty regarding timing/placement of
    individual short waves do not warrant severe probs at this time.

    ..Darrow.. 09/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 01, 2018 07:54:13
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010754
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010752

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 AM CDT Sat Sep 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range guidance continues to suggest upper ridging will
    dominate much of the eastern US with an anticyclone centered over
    the Middle Atlantic through the middle of next week. While broad
    troughing will be noted across the western portions of the country,
    the strongest mid-level flow should remain along/north of the
    international border. Given the slow-changing pattern, it appears
    significant clouds/precipitation will persist along a corridor from
    the southern Rockies into the Great Lakes. This should limit
    buoyancy across this region as lapse rates will struggle to
    regenerate off the higher terrain. There is some concern that
    adequate instability could evolve across portions of the northern
    Plains on a few days where stronger flow translates into this
    region. However, model uncertainty regarding timing/placement of
    individual short waves do not warrant severe probs at this time.

    ..Darrow.. 09/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 02, 2018 07:37:20
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020737
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020735

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CDT Sun Sep 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern is expected to change little during the upcoming medium-range period with a dominant upper high likely to remain
    centered over the Middle Atlantic. This flow regime will ensure a
    seasonally moist and convectively active corridor around the
    anticyclone from the northwestern Gulf - southern/central Plains -
    Great Lakes. Repetitive convective events will suppress lapse rates
    and limit overall instability within a zone that will experience
    several notable short-wave troughs. While a few pockets of higher
    buoyancy may ultimately evolve ahead of these features, the overall
    severe probability appears too low to warrant probs this period.

    ..Darrow.. 09/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 03, 2018 07:39:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 030739
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030738

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Mon Sep 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in general agreement that the dominant high
    pressure centered over the Middle Atlantic will hold for much of the
    period. As a result, a moist and convectively active corridor will
    continue around the ridge from the Gulf States - southern/central
    Plains - upper Midwest/Great Lakes region. This flow regime will not
    allow steeper lapse rates to regenerate due to clouds/precipitation.
    Despite several notable short-wave troughs expected to traverse the
    US, buoyancy will likely be retarded and poor thermodynamic profiles
    should limit severe threat this period.

    ..Darrow.. 09/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 04, 2018 07:30:28
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040730
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040729

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue Sep 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern is not expected to change appreciably during the
    upcoming medium-range period with the dominant feature being the
    upper ridge anchored over the Middle Atlantic. This flow regime will
    continue to favor significant number of convective events from the
    western Gulf States - southern Plains - Midwest. While the
    westerlies have retreated to near the international border, the
    remnants of Gordon are expected to eject across MO into the Great
    Lakes region during the day4-6 time frame. If sufficient buoyancy
    can materialize in proximity to this feature, enhanced shear with
    this decaying tropical system may be adequate for a few severe
    storms. However, too much uncertainty exists regarding meso-scale
    modulators to warrant severe probs for this scenario.

    ..Darrow.. 09/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 05, 2018 07:42:38
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050742
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050740

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CDT Wed Sep 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Remnants of Tropical Cyclone Gordon are forecast to move into AR
    before curving northeast around the western periphery of Middle
    Atlantic ridge into the OH Valley. During the ejecting phase, shear
    profiles may actually improve a bit ahead of the remnant low which
    may ultimately support organized convection. However, forecast lapse
    rates are expectedly poor in association with this feature and
    instability should remain marginal. Additionally, medium-range
    guidance differs a bit regarding the speed/movement of Gordon. Given
    the lack of forecast instability, and the likelihood for mesoscale
    features to modulate the severe threat, will not introduce severe
    probs this period.

    ..Darrow.. 09/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 06, 2018 07:33:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060733
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060731

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Thu Sep 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe threat is expected to remain low through the upcoming
    medium-range period. Latest model guidance suggests the remnants of
    Tropical Cyclone Gordon will gain sufficient latitude for this
    system to begin ejecting northeast across the OH Valley. This
    evolution would suggest some increased risk of severe ahead of the
    low as shear profiles will likely strengthen as it accelerates
    northeast. However, instability should be somewhat lacking across
    this region due to extensive clouds/precip. While a few strong
    storms may ultimately develop in association with this ejecting
    tropical system, overall severe threat should remain low due to weak
    buoyancy.

    Elsewhere, several convective events may develop across parts of the
    northern Plains next week. However, strongest large-scale forcing
    will remain north of the international border and the greatest risk
    for organized convection will likely occur across SK/MB/ON beneath
    stronger westerlies.

    ..Darrow.. 09/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 10, 2018 08:40:55
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1536568860-46358-6462
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CDT Mon Sep 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Northern Plains...
    Continued enhancement of west/southwesterly mid-level flow and steep
    lapse rates atop a moistening boundary layer are expected to support
    several rounds of thunderstorms within the vicinity of a surface
    front over the Dakotas and Minnesota through the upcoming weekend.
    Through the end of this week, the large-scale pattern may only
    support marginally severe instances of elevated storms north of the
    front. Thereafter, some uptick in the severe threat may be realized,
    given a greater potential for more surface-based convection.
    However, ensemble/deterministic guidance indicate notable
    uncertainty regarding the strength of a ridge over the
    southern/southwestern US and its impact on the orientation of the
    northern stream this weekend. Subsequently, confidence in the
    positioning of pertinent surface features is low, precluding
    probabilistic highlights.

    ...Carolinas / Hurricane Florence...
    The latest NHC forecast brings the center of circulation onshore the
    North Carolina coast late D4/Thursday. Following this track, some
    increase in the tornado threat will likely be realized across parts
    of North Carolina starting on Thursday as the right side of
    Florence's wind envelope moves ashore. Complexities regarding the
    broader circulation structure, onshore heating, and the eventual
    track limit predictability of the spatial maximum in tornado
    potential to a certain extent. Even so, confidence continues to
    increase that at least categorical Slight-risk tornado probabilities
    will be needed across eastern North Carolina. To communicate this
    potential, a 15% area has been introduced for D4/Thursday.

    ..Picca.. 09/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 07, 2018 08:15:10
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070815
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070813

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0313 AM CDT Fri Sep 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Through the extended period (D4/Mon-D8/Fri), ensemble guidance
    suggests the large-scale pattern will return to one characterized by
    an expansive ridge over the eastern US and a trough along the West
    Coast. During the early part of the upcoming week, a building
    surface ridge across the eastern half of the country will shunt
    richer moisture and related buoyancy southeastward, away from
    stronger flow across the northern US. However, by mid-week,
    continued southerly flow across the Plains will transport increasing boundary-layer moisture northward beneath more vigorous
    southwesterly flow over the Dakotas. Combined with steepening
    mid-level lapse rates, this evolution could support one or more
    rounds of at least marginal severe potential D6/Wed-D8/Fri across
    the northern Plains. With that said, such events will be driven by
    low amplitude impulses embedded in the aforementioned southwesterly
    flow, such that predictability issues preclude any extended-range
    highlights.

    ..Picca.. 09/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 08, 2018 08:11:46
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1536394311-46358-4924
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080811
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080809

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0309 AM CDT Sat Sep 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Through the middle of the upcoming week, heights will gradually rise
    across much of the East Coast and Mississippi Valley, while a trough
    will remain positioned over the West Coast. Between the two, a
    channel of enhanced southwesterlies aloft will develop from northern
    California to the southern Canadian Prairies, transporting steeper
    mid-level lapse rates across the Dakotas. Meanwhile, slow northward
    moisture return beneath these steepening lapse rates should increase
    buoyancy across the northern Plains through the week.

    Pockets of at least marginal severe potential appear possible
    (primarily over North Dakota and northern Minnesota) through the
    entire period, given a fairly static mid-level pattern. Very
    low-amplitude impulses will likely foster several rounds of surface troughs/fronts that make only minor progress southeast across the Dakotas/Minnesota, before returning north as a warm front ahead of
    the next impulse. At least isolated storms (some which could be
    strong/severe) may be associated with every eastward excursion of
    the trough and then northward return of the warm front. Still, a
    lack of more focused large-scale ascent introduces considerable
    uncertainty regarding the timing/placement of these surface
    features. Combined with the likelihood that most, if not all, of the
    severe potential will be of marginal caliber, probabilities do not
    appear warranted with this forecast.

    Elsewhere, the NHC forecast of TC Florence brings the circulation
    center towards the Southeast US coast through the middle of the
    upcoming week. Uncertainty regarding the system structure/track
    precludes extended-range probabilities, but a potential landfall
    late in the week would offer some increase in the tornado threat,
    eventually necessitating outlook areas.

    ..Picca.. 09/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 09, 2018 07:53:51
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090753
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090752

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 AM CDT Sun Sep 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Northern Plains...
    A prolonged period of enhanced west/southwesterly flow atop the
    northern Plains is expected into next weekend, and a combination of
    steep mid-level lapse rates and gradually increasing boundary-layer
    moisture will be favorable for a few episodes of strong/severe
    storms from D4/Wed into the weekend. The first round, most likely
    late Wednesday into the overnight, should consist of elevated storms
    capable of hail to the north of a warm front. Thereafter, some
    combination of elevated, warm-advection storms and surface-based
    development along a southeastward-sagging cold front are probable
    across parts of North Dakota and Minnesota through much of the
    extended. Continuation of fast, low-amplitude flow suggests low
    predictability with the timing/placement of these rounds of
    thunderstorms, which will likely be heavily mesoscale-dependent.
    Along with no clear signal for any higher-end severe potential, such
    a pattern does not warrant probabilistic highlights at this time.

    ...Tropical Cyclone Florence...
    The latest NHC track brings the circulation center near the
    Southeast US coast late on D5/Thu. As the system approaches the
    coast, an increase in the tornado threat is expected near/right of
    the track. Future outlooks will most likely need to highlight this
    threat, but uncertainty in the track/timing/structure of Florence
    preclude probabilities at this time.

    ..Picca.. 09/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 11, 2018 08:26:28
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110826
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110825

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 AM CDT Tue Sep 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Carolinas/Hurricane Florence...
    Medium-range guidance is in relatively good agreement that Florence
    will slow down its forward speed on Thursday, likely becoming nearly
    stationary on Friday before progressing westward again on Saturday.
    Given that the region will have been under the influence of this
    tropical system for several days, the expectation is for the
    thermodynamic environment to be characterized by warm, moist
    profiles with little instability. As such, the tornado threat is too
    low to delineate any areas at this time range.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    Expansive upper ridging (extending from the Southwest through the
    upper Great Lakes) is expected to remain centered over the central
    Plains through the weekend. Enhanced mid-level flow between this
    ridge and the upper troughing extending into the Pacific Northwest
    will encourage lower surface pressure over the High Plains.
    Resulting southerly flow across the Plains will continue to advect
    moisture northward. In the absence of a strong shortwave trough,
    warm mid-level temperatures will likely suppress surface-based
    convection. Recent guidance progs a shortwave trough on Monday,
    which could result in a round of thunderstorms. However, run-to-run
    consistency is currently too low to have much forecast confidence
    and the overall scenario appears to support only isolated severe
    storms.

    ..Mosier.. 09/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 12, 2018 08:43:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1536741821-46358-7693
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Wed Sep 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    Upper ridging will likely continue through the weekend while
    gradually dampening as a series of shortwave troughs move through
    the persistent southwesterly flow aloft extending from central CA
    into the northern Plains. Airmass across the Plains and MS Valley
    will be warm and moist and there is some potential for the one of
    the shortwaves embedded within the southwesterly flow to provide
    enough lift to overcome the warm mid-level temperatures and promote surface-based thunderstorm development over portions of the northern
    Plains and/or upper Midwest. However, consistency within the
    guidance is poor, resulting in low forecast confidence.

    ...Coastal Carolinas/Hurricane Florence...
    Complicated forecast scenario exists for the track and intensity of
    Florence this weekend and much depends on where and when the storm
    stalls. Some tornado threat may be realized as a result of this
    system over the weekend but low predictability limits forecast
    confidence and precludes delineating any areas.

    ..Mosier.. 09/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 13, 2018 08:44:59
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    ------------=_1536828304-46358-8204
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Thu Sep 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper pattern is expected to lose amplitude through the weekend and
    into next week as the persistent upper troughing across the
    northwest CONUS deamplifies as several shortwave troughs pass
    through southern periphery. Extensive upper ridge which will have
    been in place for most of the week will also likely weaken as the
    remnants of tropical cyclone Florence move through its eastern
    periphery. However, these large scale changes in the upper pattern
    do not result in a pattern overly favorable for severe
    thunderstorms.

    ...D5/Monday: Northern/Central Plains and Upper Midwest...
    Guidance currently shows a cold front moving across the
    northern/central Plains and upper MS Valley on D5/Monday and some
    thunderstorms are possible along this boundary. A few severe
    thunderstorms may occur as the front moves through but confidence in
    sufficient coverage is too low to merit delineating any areas.

    ..Mosier.. 09/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 14, 2018 08:45:42
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    ------------=_1536914748-46358-8772
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140845
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Fri Sep 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models exhibit consistency in solutions through roughly
    Day 5 (Tuesday 9-18), after which a gradual deviation occurs,
    resulting in low confidence with respect to convective evolution by
    midweek.

    Prior to that, potential for organized severe-weather risk appears
    low, as ridging prevails across much of the U.S. east of the
    Rockies, and troughing remains over the West. Therefore, no risk
    areas will be included in the forecast at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 15, 2018 08:26:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 150826
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150825

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 AM CDT Sat Sep 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A large upper trough, progged to be sitting off the West Coast at
    the start of the period, is expected to advance inland Monday (Day
    4). However, medium-range models differ substantially with
    progression of this feature across the West and into the Plains, and
    then later into the eastern states. While general agreement exists
    that the upper trough will deamplify substantially as it gradually
    encounters eastern U.S. ridging, the differences in the details of
    this trough's advance result in corresponding disagreement with
    respect to surface pattern evolution. While some convection will
    likely cross the central and eastern U.S. in conjunction with
    surface system progression, the differences regarding the evolution
    of the pattern -- both at the surface and aloft -- preclude a
    confident assessment of severe risk.

    ..Goss.. 09/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 16, 2018 08:08:24
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160808
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160807

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0307 AM CDT Sun Sep 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Increasingly zonal/low-amplitude flow aloft is progged over the U.S.
    during the medium-range period, though differences in solutions
    amongst the various models manifests early in the period. While the differences aloft are more subtle, the differences are more
    substantial at the surface. This combination of early-period model differences, and expectation for an evolution toward low-amplitude
    flow aloft -- preclude the issuance of any severe-weather risk areas
    at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 17, 2018 08:52:26
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    ------------=_1537174350-46358-10664
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170850

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0350 AM CDT Mon Sep 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    While medium-range models continue to present a general trend toward quasi-zonal flow with time over the U.S., differences in the details
    -- particularly with respect to smaller-scale/mobile troughs moving
    through the flow field -- suggest somewhat of a lack of
    predictability of the overall pattern through the medium range.

    Despite the differences however, a general indication of minimal
    risk for appreciable severe weather development continues to exist
    through the period. As such, no outlook areas will be issued at
    this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 18, 2018 09:08:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180908
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180907

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0407 AM CDT Tue Sep 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models appear to be in fairly close agreement through
    Day 5 (Saturday 9-22), after which agreement begins to break down substantially, as an upper trough moves inland from the eastern
    Pacific across the Intermountain West. Substantial differences with
    respect to the progression/speed of this trough result in similarly
    substantial differences in surface pattern evolution, resulting in
    low confidence with respect to any convective forecast beyond Day 5.

    On Day 4 (Friday 9-21) however, an initial upper trough is forecast
    to be advancing quickly eastward across the Great Lakes and later
    the Northeast U.S., and adjacent eastern Canada. This trough will
    be accompanied by a seasonably strong cold front, progged to shift
    across the Northeast and Ohio Valley and shift off the New England
    coast by the beginning of Day 5. While instability along the length
    of the front -- particularly across New England -- will likely
    remain limited, strong westerly/west-southwesterly flow through a
    deep tropospheric layer may support potential for gusty/damaging
    winds, with a frontal line of convection. Thus, a severe risk area
    is being included Day 4, from parts of the Midwest/Ohio Valley
    northeastward into New England.

    By Day 5, with the progressing portion of the front shifting into
    the western Atlantic, severe weather threat will diminish, and then
    with increasing discrepancies amongst the models the rest of the
    period, no additional outlook areas will be included at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 19, 2018 08:59:09
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Wed Sep 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models appear to be in reasonable agreement until the
    latter portions of the medium-range period, with initially zonal
    flow aloft gradually giving way to troughing which is progged to
    shift/expand gradually eastward across the western and then into the
    central U.S. through the middle and end of the period.

    By Days 5-6 (Sunday and Monday), a cool front moving into the Plains
    in conjunction with the aforementioned trough should bring an
    increase in convective potential. However, at this time it appears
    that CAPE/shear combination may be insufficient to support
    substantial severe risk. While increased convective potential
    should continue eastward through latter stages of the period, model
    differences increase -- precluding a confident assessment of severe
    risk at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 20, 2018 08:43:13
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Thu Sep 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest runs of the medium-range models appear to be in good general
    agreement through Day 6 (Tuesday 9-25), after which differences
    begin to gradually emerge, complicating attempts to ascertain
    convective potential through the middle of next week.

    Prior to this, models consistently depict that the trough moving
    across the Pacific Northwest at the start of Day 4 will gradually
    expand/deepen as it moves across the western and into the central
    U.S. through Day 6. In response to the approaching trough, a cold
    front is progged to move into the northern and central Plains Day 4,
    and the across the Plains and into the Upper Great Lakes Day 5. Day
    6, as the upper system continues to expand/advance eastward, the
    front is forecast to cross the Upper Great Lakes/Midwest/southern
    Plains.

    As the front crosses the central and eastern U.S., an increase in
    convective potential will accompany it. However, in general, it
    appears that the stronger flow aloft will be confined to northern
    portions of the frontal zone, where warm-sector instability will
    likely remain more limited. While portions of the central Plains
    and upper Midwest on Monday the 24th (Day 5), and the upper Great
    Lakes and Midwest on Tuesday the 25th (Day 6), may require attention
    in later outlooks, once any potential risk becomes more certain, no
    areas will be issued at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 21, 2018 08:50:50
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    ------------=_1537519853-1955-877
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210849

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0349 AM CDT Fri Sep 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest runs of the medium-range models appear to be in good
    agreement trough day 7 (Thursday 9-27), with respect to large-scale
    pattern evolution. On days 4-5 (Monday and Tuesday), an upper
    trough is forecast to move gradually eastward across the central
    U.S., while a second trough -- on the western fringe of larger-scale
    cyclonic flow -- begins to dig southeastward across western Canada.
    By day 6 (Wednesday), as the initial trough shears quickly
    east-northeastward across eastern Canada, the digging western trough
    is forecast to ride southeastward into the long-wave trough over the
    central U.S. -- eventually rotating eastward across the Upper Great
    Lakes and ito eastern Canada through day 7 (Thursday).

    At the surface, a cold front -- associated with the initial upper
    trough -- is forecast to sweep east across the northern and central
    Plains U.S. day 4, the Great Lakes/Midwest day 5, and then the
    Northeast day 6. Meanwhile, a second front -- associated with the subsequent/digging trough -- is forecast to cross the northern and
    central Plains day 6, and then the Great Lakes/Midwest Day 7 in a
    similar manner as the initial front. While both of these fronts
    will likely be accompanied by an increase in convective risk, the
    second front appears at this time to be following too
    closely/quickly the initial boundary, so as to preclude ample
    moisture return/destabilization potential, and thus severe risk with
    the second front may remain limited.

    However, more appreciable severe weather potential appears to exist
    with the initial front, particularly day 4 -- from the central
    Plains to western portions of the Upper Great Lakes, and day 5 from
    the Ozarks to the Great Lakes. Some risk may continue Day 6 into
    the Northeast, but risk appears lesser at this time. Meanwhile,
    limited risk may redevelop over the central Plains day 6 ahead of
    the next front, but -- as mentioned earlier -- questions regarding
    moisture return ahead of that second front preclude the introduction
    of a day 6 outlook area over the central Plains at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 22, 2018 07:52:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537602746-1955-1499
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220752
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220750

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0250 AM CDT Sat Sep 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4...
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian
    move an upper-level trough from the southern and central Rockies
    eastward into the Great Plains on Tuesday. A cold front is forecast
    to move southeastward across the central Plains, mid to upper
    Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes region. The ECMWF, GFS and
    Canadian are in general agreement, developing convection along the
    front from western Kentucky northeastward into Ohio. The models are
    forecasting enough moisture, instability and shear for a severe
    threat Tuesday afternoon where a 15 percent contour has been
    maintained. The primary severe threats are expected to be hail and
    damaging wind gusts.

    ...Wednesday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models differ on the position of the cold front by
    Wednesday afternoon. The ECMWF and Canadian solutions have the front
    further east than the GFS which seems reasonable at this point.
    Thunderstorm development will be possible along the front from the
    northern Gulf Coast states northeastward into the central
    Appalachian Mountains during the day on Wednesday. A marginal severe
    threat would be possible Wednesday afternoon with hail and strong
    gusty winds across the central Appalachians and in parts of the
    Northeast.

    ...Thursday/Day 6 to Saturday/Day 8...
    On Thursday and Friday, the models move the front southeastward
    across the Southeast with the western end of the front in the
    southern Plains. Thunderstorms will again be possible along the
    front during the day on Thursday and Friday but severe thunderstorms
    appear unlike due to minimal amount of deep-layer shear. On
    Saturday, some moisture advection is forecast to take place in the
    southern and central Plains as a warm front lifts northward across
    the region. Thunderstorms will be possible along this front if this
    scenario materializes but confidence is low concerning where the
    position of the front will be and how many storms will form.
    Thunderstorms will also be possible eastward along a slow-moving
    front into part of the Southeast Saturday afternoon.

    ..Broyles.. 09/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 23, 2018 08:53:30
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537692813-1955-1834
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Sun Sep 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in relatively good agreement through the
    period, in terms of the general large-scale pattern. However, very
    subtle variations aloft -- particularly from day 6 (Friday 9-28)
    onward -- result in relatively significant differences being
    realized in the evolution of the surface pattern. As such, any
    forecast for convective potential beyond day 5 remains difficult at
    this time.

    Prior to this, the GFS and ECMWF are in agreement that a strong cold
    front will sweep across the southern and eastern U.S. -- such that
    by the end of day 4/beginning of day 5 (Thursday morning 9-27), the
    front will likely have cleared the New England coast, while trailing southwestward across the Middle and Southern Atlantic and Gulf Coast
    states. On day 4 (Wednesday), passage of this front across the
    Northeast will be accompanied by showers and thunderstorms, and at
    this time it appears that risk for locally damaging winds will also
    exist within a low-CAPE/high-shear regime.

    While a second front is forecast to move out of Canada and
    into/across the northern and central Plains day 5, it appears that
    the front will progress too quickly on the heels of the prior front
    -- so as to preclude appreciable moistening/destabilization ahead of
    this second boundary. Meanwhile, while convection is forecast near
    and south of the initial/lingering front, from the Mid-Atlantic
    region across the Southeast to Texas, stronger flow aloft will
    remain to the cool side, and thus at this point it appears than any
    severe potential is too limited to delineate with an outlook area.

    ..Goss.. 09/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 24, 2018 08:31:03
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537777866-1955-2124
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0329 AM CDT Mon Sep 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The latest medium-range model runs exhibit remarkable similarity
    through the day 6/day 7 time frame, after which some deviation
    begins to increase with respect to the large-scale flow pattern
    across the country. Prior to that, however, pattern evolution
    suggests limited severe weather risk CONUS-wide, as a long-wave
    trough -- whose broad cyclonic flow field will encompass much of the
    U.S. initially -- gradual weakens and retreats northward into
    Canada. In its wake, a much more weakly cyclonic -- trending toward
    zonal -- flow field is expected to evolve, downstream of a blocking
    pattern over Alaska and the eastern Pacific. Given the lack of apparent/substantial severe risk at this time, no outlook areas will
    be issued.

    ..Goss.. 09/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 25, 2018 07:41:10
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537861273-1955-2409
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250741
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250739

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CDT Tue Sep 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 and Saturday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models move a relatively low-amplitude upper-level
    trough across the north-central states on Friday. At the surface,
    the models show a slow-moving front extending from the central Gulf
    Coast States into the Carolinas. The front is forecast to remain
    close to the same location on Saturday. Thunderstorm development
    should take place along and to the south of the front both Friday
    afternoon and Saturday afternoon. Deep-layer shear is forecast to be
    relatively weak which would keep any wind damage threat on the
    marginal side and highly dependent upon mesoscale factors.

    ...Sunday/Day 6...
    The ECMWF, GFS and parallel FV3 move a progressive upper-level ridge
    from the Rockies into the Great Plains on Sunday as low-level
    moisture advection takes place in the south-central states.
    Scattered thunderstorm development will be possible across the moist
    sector from the southern Plains eastward across much of the
    Southeast. A few marginally severe storms can not be ruled out in
    areas that destabilize the most.

    ...Monday/Day 7 and Tuesday/Day 8...
    The models differ considerably on Monday and Tuesday. The parallel
    FV3 maintains an upper-level ridge in the eastern states while the
    GFS shows a shortwave trough moving across the north-central U.S.
    The ECMWF has a solution in between with both a ridge in the east
    and a subtle shortwave trough in the north-central states. This
    would be the preferred model solution. Under this scenario,
    thunderstorms will be possible in parts of the Upper Midwest on
    Monday. Additional thunderstorms will be possible across a moist
    airmass in the south-central states. Model forecasts diverge even
    more on Tuesday making confidence very low late in the day 4 to 8
    period.

    ..Broyles.. 09/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 26, 2018 07:51:11
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537948276-1955-2967
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 260751
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260749

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0249 AM CDT Wed Sep 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4...
    The medium-range models start the Day 4 to 8 period with zonal flow
    over the north-central and northeastern U.S. with a shortwave ridge
    in the Intermountain West. Surface high pressure is forecast to
    dominate across the eastern third of the nation on Saturday helping
    to keep thunderstorm development very isolated across the
    south-central and southeastern states.

    ...Sunday/Day 5...
    On Sunday, the ECMWF, GFS and Parallel FV3 advect moisture northward
    into the eastern parts of the central Plains. A couple low amplitude upper-level disturbances are forecast to move eastward across the
    north-central states on Sunday. This may aid thunderstorm
    development in the Upper Midwest Sunday afternoon where an isolated
    severe threat will be possible. Some thunderstorm activity will be
    possible southward across the moist sector from eastern Kansas into
    the eastern half of Texas.

    ...Monday/Day 6...
    On Monday, the GFS and Parallel FV3 develop an upper-level ridge
    over the eastern half of the nation while the ECMWF has the ridge in
    the Atlantic with zonal flow over the Great Plains and Mississippi
    Valley. The three solutions show a broad moist sector from the
    southern Plains northeastward into the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. Thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the moist sector with
    the greatest potential located in the mid to upper Mississippi
    Valley where low-level flow is forecast to be stronger than in areas
    to the south. An isolated severe threat can not be ruled out in the
    mid to upper Mississippi Valley on Monday.

    ...Tuesday/Day 7...
    On Tuesday, the ECMWF, GFS and Parallel FV3 are somewhat in
    agreement. The solutions have southwest mid-level flow in the
    north-central states with the western edge of a moist airmass in the
    Great Plains. All three models show a QPF signal from the central
    plains northeastward into the Upper Midwest on Tuesday afternoon and
    evening as an upper-level trough approaches the region. This pattern
    would be favorable for a severe threat from parts of southern
    Minnesota south-southwestward into parts of Nebraska but uncertainty
    is substantial due to the extended range.

    ...Wednesday/Day 8...
    On Wednesday, model variance increases dramatically as the GFS shows
    a much more amplified pattern than the ECMWF. The Parallel FV3 is
    again the middle solution. Although thunderstorm activity would be
    possible across parts of the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys on
    Wednesday, uncertainty is very high concerning the timing of
    upper-level troughs and fronts.

    ..Broyles.. 09/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 27, 2018 07:29:46
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538033390-1955-3475
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270729
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270728

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Thu Sep 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS and Parallel FV3
    are in good agreement on Sunday with west to southwest mid-level
    flow over much of the nation. At the surface, a moist airmass is
    forecast from the southern Plains eastward across the Gulf Coast
    States where scattered afternoon thunderstorms will be possible.
    Moisture advection is forecast to take place on Sunday across the
    lower to mid Missouri Valley. This could be another area favorable
    for thunderstorm development Sunday afternoon. The models remain in
    good agreement on Monday moving a subtle shortwave trough across the
    mid to upper Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorms will be possible
    during the day into the evening along a cold front forecast to move southeastward across Wisconsin and Iowa. Deep-layer shear associated
    with the shortwave should be strong enough for a severe threat
    Monday afternoon and evening. Due to the small threat area, will not
    add a probability contour for Monday until run to run consistency
    can be confirmed.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 to Thursday/Day 8...
    The medium range models diverge in their solutions on Tuesday with
    the ECMWF moving a shortwave ridge over the central U.S. The GFS and
    parallel FV3 have the ridge much further east. In spite of the
    differences, the models suggest that thunderstorm activity will be
    possible in the northern Plains Tuesday afternoon and evening where
    a severe threat will be possible. Questions linger concerning the
    amount of instability and moisture that will be available across the north-central U.S. on Tuesday. For Wednesday and Thursday, model
    solutions diverge sharply with the GFS moving a cold front
    southeastward into the central Plains and mid Mississippi Valley
    where thunderstorms would be possible under that scenario. The ECMWF
    keeps the front much further north suggesting that thunderstorm
    activity will be focused across the mid Missouri and upper
    Mississippi Valleys. Due to the model differences, will not add a
    probability contour attm.

    ..Broyles.. 09/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 28, 2018 08:51:55
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538124717-1955-4074
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280851
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280850

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0350 AM CDT Fri Sep 28 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models suggest little change to the general large-scale pattern from
    late this coming weekend through the early to middle portion of next
    week. Subtropical ridging centered over the southeastern U.S. may
    remain a prominent influence across much of the southern through
    central tier of the U.S., while split belts of mid-latitude
    westerlies emanating from the Pacific continue to converge into
    strong zonal flow straddling the Canadian/U.S. border area. Short
    wave developments remain more unclear, but it does appear that the
    remnants of Rosa will accelerate inland, across the Southwest early
    this week, before continuing east/northeast of the Front Range of
    the Rockies through the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region Wednesday
    through Wednesday night. Considerable strengthening of lower/mid
    tropospheric wind fields in the warm sector of an evolving frontal
    wave along this track could contribute to at least some severe
    weather potential. However, potential for substantive boundary
    layer destabilization remains unclear, and a number of possible
    mitigating factors result in the maintenance of less than 15 percent
    severe probabilities. Subsequently, synoptic/sub-synoptic
    developments appear to trend even less predictable through the end
    of the work week.

    ..Kerr.. 09/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 29, 2018 08:59:30
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    ------------=_1538211574-1955-4526
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CDT Sat Sep 29 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance remains suggestive that, within a broader area
    of low pressure, a fairly deep cyclone may evolve over parts of the
    mid Missouri Valley by early Wednesday, before rapidly migrating
    northeastward across and northeast of Lake Superior by late
    Wednesday evening. It appears that this may occur in response to
    forcing associated with one vigorous short wave impulse digging into
    the Canadian Prairies, another accelerating eastward along the
    international border area to its south, and remnants of Rosa
    accelerating northeast of the Rockies. Considerable lingering
    spread remains evident within the various model output concerning
    these developments, resulting in the maintenance of less than 15
    percent severe probabilities. However, given at least weak
    destabilization in the presence of considerable strengthening of
    wind fields and shear within the warm sector of the cyclone, it is
    not out of the question that potential for organized severe
    thunderstorms could evolve Wednesday afternoon and evening along the
    track of the low.

    In the wake of this system, the pattern predictability appears
    generally low, with synoptic and sub-synoptic developments becoming
    even more unclear late this coming work week into next weekend.
    However, barring stronger surface cyclogenesis than currently
    indicated to the lee of the Rockies, severe weather potential
    appears generally low.

    ..Kerr.. 09/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 30, 2018 08:51:31
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    ------------=_1538297494-1955-4911
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300851
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300850

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0350 AM CDT Sun Sep 30 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models indicate at least some phasing of a pair of short wave
    perturbations across and east/northeast of the eastern Canadian
    Prairies and central Canadian/U.S. border area Wednesday through
    Wednesday night. Associated forcing for ascent appears likely to
    support strong surface cyclogenesis across James Bay into
    northwestern Quebec by 12Z Thursday. The ECMWF/GFS, and their
    respective ensemble output, are fairly similar with the track of an
    initially deep surface cyclone across parts of the eastern Dakotas
    through northern Minnesota during the day Wednesday, before more
    rapid deepening occurs north through northeast of Lake Superior
    Wednesday night. Aided by the northward advection of seasonably
    high moisture content on a strengthening pre-frontal low-level jet,
    a narrow corridor of modest destabilization appears possible across
    portions of the Upper Midwest. Coupled with momentum and shear
    associated with 40-50+ kt southwesterly to westerly flow in the
    850-500 mb layer, it appears that the environment will probably
    become conducive to organized thunderstorm development, which could
    pose a risk for damaging wind gusts and perhaps a couple of
    tornadoes.

    In the wake of the cyclone, severe weather potential along a
    trailing surface front across the Great Lakes region into the
    central and southern Plains appears low late this week into early
    next weekend. Late next weekend, a short wave impulse emerging from
    amplifying upper troughing over the western U.S. could support
    significant surface cyclogenesis to the lee of the Rockies.
    However, considerable spread remains evident concerning these
    developments, which results in uncertain severe weather potential.

    ..Kerr.. 09/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 01, 2018 08:43:06
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    ------------=_1538383392-1955-5326
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Mon Oct 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Any substantive severe weather risk through this period will likely
    hinge on potential for strong surface cyclogenesis to the lee of the
    Rockies. In the wake of a broad and deep cyclone forecast to
    migrate across northern Ontario through northern Quebec during the
    latter portion of the work week, guidance generally indicates that
    this potential will remain relatively low until at least late next
    weekend into early next week. The medium-range models indicate that considerable amplification within the westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific is possible through this period. By late this
    weekend, this may include a strong mid/upper jet digging across the
    Pacific coast and contributing to the evolution of large-scale
    troughing through the intermountain west and Rockies. Smaller-scale perturbations within this regime could contribute to significant
    surface cyclogenesis and the risk for an organized severe weather
    event across the Plains. However, due to the extended time frame
    and associated model spread concerning these developments,
    uncertainties remain considerable, resulting in the maintenance of
    low (i.e. less than 15 percent) severe probabilities.

    ..Kerr.. 10/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 02, 2018 08:34:10
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    ------------=_1538469256-1955-5731
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020834
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020832

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0332 AM CDT Tue Oct 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range ensemble output indicates that the mid-latitude
    westerlies emanating from the Pacific may undergo considerable
    amplification next weekend into early next week. This appears
    likely to include the evolution of large-scale troughing across the
    Pacific coast through the Plains. However, the predictability of
    shorter wavelength developments within this regime appears generally
    low. It does appear that there will be a persistent return flow of
    seasonably high moisture content across the southern Plains
    northeastward through the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region,
    along/above a quasi-stationary frontal zone, around the western
    periphery of subtropical ridging. This should contribute to
    sufficient instability to support considerable convective
    development, but any substantive risk for severe weather will
    probably hinge on potential for strong migratory cyclogenesis along
    the frontal zone. At this time, this potential seems generally low,
    resulting in severe probabilities at less than 15 percent through
    this period.

    ..Kerr.. 10/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 03, 2018 08:54:46
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    ------------=_1538556890-1955-6311
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Wed Oct 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Subtropical ridging may remain a prominent influence across much of
    the southeastern U.S. through much of this period. Meanwhile, an
    amplification within the westerlies, across the eastern Pacific into
    the western U.S. late this week, may proceed through next weekend.
    It appears that this will include the evolution of a significant
    short wave trough and embedded mid-level closed low over the
    Southwest by Sunday, as a strong mid/upper jet digs along or just
    inland of the Pacific coast through the Southwestern international
    border area. This probably will be accompanied by a deepening
    surface trough/low over the southern High Plains, where moisture
    return beneath at least modestly steep mid-level lapse rates may
    contribute to moderately large CAPE. It appears that this will
    occur as a strong, cyclonic (southwesterly) mid/upper jet streak
    noses across the mountains of New Mexico toward the central High
    Plains Sunday afternoon and evening. Coupled with a strengthening
    southerly low-level jet across the Texas South Plains/Northwest
    Texas and Texas Panhandle vicinity, the environment may become
    conducive to organized severe storm development, including
    supercells with a risk for tornadoes.

    Subsequent developments concerning possible continuing cyclogenesis
    along a quasi-stationary front across the southern/central Plains
    into the Upper Midwest become more unclear through the early to
    middle portion of next week. It is possible that cyclogenesis will
    remain weak, and stabilization due to overturning and outflow
    associated with widespread, training convection, among other
    factors, may mitigate severe weather potential.

    ..Kerr.. 10/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 04, 2018 08:53:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538643237-1955-6912
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CDT Thu Oct 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Further amplification of large-scale mid/upper troughing across the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico appears possible late this
    weekend into early next week, before the primary embedded short wave perturbation emerges and accelerates northeastward across the
    central/southern Plains through the Great Lakes region by the middle
    to latter portion of next week.

    Models continue to suggest that one vigorous impulse/mid-level jet
    streak may emerge from the trough and nose across eastern New
    Mexico, toward the central High Plains on Sunday. This may be
    preceded by considerable deepening of surface troughing across the
    southern High Plains, where low-level moisture return beneath
    steepening mid-level lapse rates may contribute to CAPE of 1000-2000
    J/kg. Coinciding with southerly low-level jet strengthening, the
    environment is expected to become conducive to organized severe
    storm development. This may include a few supercells focused near
    the dryline, and probably within a zone of warm advection along a
    lingering surface boundary across parts of the Texas Panhandle and
    South Plains.

    Thereafter, the predictability of the synoptic and sub-synoptic
    evolution across the central and southern Plains northeastward
    toward the Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region decreases through the
    middle to latter portion of next week. At some point widespread,
    training convection could impede destabilization. And the evolution
    of a significant migratory cyclone along the quasi-stationary front
    front, which would prove most conducive to a substantive severe
    weather threat, remains uncertain.

    ..Kerr.. 10/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, October 05, 2018 07:59:29
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    ------------=_1538726375-25255-352
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050759
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050757

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CDT Fri Oct 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Late evening model guidance is in general agreement that upper
    troughing across the western US will begin to shift east during the
    day4 period. While there are some differences among the models
    regarding the timing of this feature, heights should begin to fall
    across the southern High Plains Monday. Strong mid-high level flow
    will overspread a very moist boundary layer providing the shear for
    potential supercell development. One complicating factor will be the
    lack of steep lapse rates across the Plains and extensive
    clouds/precipitation. Given this uncertainty will not extend 15%
    severe probs beyond the day4 period. However, some severe threat may
    be noted downstream ahead of this ejecting trough.

    ..Darrow.. 10/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, October 06, 2018 07:48:00
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    ------------=_1538812083-25255-787
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060747
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060746

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0246 AM CDT Sat Oct 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A significant piece of western US trough is forecast to eject into
    the central/southern Plains during the day4 period. Height falls
    ahead of this feature will overspread a very moist but modestly
    unstable air mass from central TX into eastern KS. Strong forcing
    for large-scale ascent should induce a considerable amount of
    convection along/immediately ahead of an associated cold front.
    Strong shear is expected to enhance the possibility for organized
    convection and possible severe ahead of this feature.

    Day5 and beyond, models begin to diverge in their speed/placement of
    the short wave trough. While strong convection may ultimately evolve
    across parts of the eastern US Wednesday, predictability is too low
    to warrant a severe risk beyond day4.

    ..Darrow.. 10/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 07, 2018 07:32:37
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538897561-25255-1224
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 070732
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070730

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Oct 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper ridge along the Middle Atlantic Coast is expected to break
    down and shift well offshore during the medium-range period. This
    will allow significant troughing over the western US to shift into
    the Plains before deamplifying with more zonal flow expected by the
    end of the week. Significant convective overturning across the
    Plains/MS Valley region during the day1-3 time frame, along with
    moist profiles and weak lapse rates, suggest frontal convection may
    not be as robust as previous days. While organized convection may be
    noted along a well-defined front over the OH Valley day4, buoyancy
    may be inadequate for meaningful severe. Elsewhere, tropical cyclone
    may develop over the Gulf of Mexico and move across the Southeast
    day4-5 time frame. Depending on the intensity of this tropical
    system there may be some severe threat across this region. Until
    this development becomes more clear will not introduce severe probs.

    ..Darrow.. 10/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 07, 2018 17:02:07
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538931733-25255-1375
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 071702
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 071700

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1200 PM CDT Sun Oct 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    CORRECTED FOR DAY 4 GRAPHIC TEXT

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper ridge along the Middle Atlantic Coast is expected to break
    down and shift well offshore during the medium-range period. This
    will allow significant troughing over the western US to shift into
    the Plains before deamplifying with more zonal flow expected by the
    end of the week. Significant convective overturning across the
    Plains/MS Valley region during the day1-3 time frame, along with
    moist profiles and weak lapse rates, suggest frontal convection may
    not be as robust as previous days. While organized convection may be
    noted along a well-defined front over the OH Valley day4, buoyancy
    may be inadequate for meaningful severe. Elsewhere, tropical cyclone
    may develop over the Gulf of Mexico and move across the Southeast
    day4-5 time frame. Depending on the intensity of this tropical
    system there may be some severe threat across this region. Until
    this development becomes more clear will not introduce severe probs.

    ..Darrow.. 10/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 08, 2018 07:25:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538983514-25255-1663
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080725
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080723

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Mon Oct 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Tropical Cyclone Michael is forecast to move onshore along the
    northeast Gulf Coast Wednesday, then quickly move into the Carolinas
    during the day4 period. If this storm intensifies as expected, shear
    profiles may become supportive of at least low severe probs well
    inland Thursday. Too much uncertainty exists regarding the
    strength/movement of Michael to warrant severe probs beyond day3.

    Otherwise, dominant surface anticyclone will settle over the country
    east of the Rockies late this week. This air mass change will shunt
    higher theta-e environment off the Gulf Coast. Latest model guidance
    suggests instability may return to parts of TX later this weekend
    which may support some thunderstorm activity. However, severe probs
    will not be introduced for this scenario as buoyancy/predictability
    remain too low.

    ..Darrow.. 10/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 08, 2018 12:56:13
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539003376-25255-1781
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 081256
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 081254

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0754 AM CDT Mon Oct 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Tropical Cyclone Michael is forecast to move onshore along the
    northeast Gulf Coast Wednesday, then quickly move into the Carolinas
    during the day4 period. If this storm intensifies as expected, shear
    profiles may become supportive of at least low severe probs well
    inland Thursday. Too much uncertainty exists regarding the
    strength/movement of Michael to warrant severe probs beyond day3.

    Otherwise, dominant surface anticyclone will settle over the country
    east of the Rockies late this week. This air mass change will shunt
    higher theta-e environment off the Gulf Coast. Latest model guidance
    suggests instability may return to parts of TX later this weekend
    which may support some thunderstorm activity. However, severe probs
    will not be introduced for this scenario as buoyancy/predictability
    remain too low.

    ..Darrow.. 10/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 22, 2018 08:45:10
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540197916-25255-7731
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220845
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220843

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CDT Mon Oct 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Behind an ejecting trough over the Northeast, another strong upper
    trough is forecast to amplify over the Southeast during the Fri/D5
    to Sat/D6 period. A surface low will deepen just off the coastal
    Carolinas on Fri/D5, drawing low-level moisture northward across
    southeast GA and FL. Despite this, relatively weak instability is
    forecast, with MUCAPE values in the 500-1000 j/kg range. Low-level
    flow will veer quickly over FL on Fri/D5, but there should still be
    enough lift for scattered thunderstorms prior to drier air moving in
    from the west. Strengthening mean winds suggest a few storms may
    produce damaging winds, but the strongest lift will develop offshore
    with the low.

    Beyond Fri/D5, a cold front in the wake of the Southeast system will
    again push moisture southward to the Gulf of Mexico, with little if
    any thunderstorms potential for the remainder of the CONUS through
    Mon/D8.

    ..Jewell.. 10/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 23, 2018 08:23:42
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    ------------=_1540283024-25255-8011
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230823
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230822

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0322 AM CDT Tue Oct 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid/upper trough will amplify across the Mississippi Valley on
    D4/Friday. Broad forcing for ascent along its southeastern flank is
    forecast to support a surface cyclone advancing from near the
    Florida Panhandle east/northeastward to near/just offshore the
    Carolina coast. To the south/east of this cyclone, the warm sector
    will support at least modest levels of surface-based buoyancy. In
    conjunction with strengthening low/mid-level wind fields, this
    destabilization may foster some potential for a few strong/severe
    storms during the day. However, subsidence/drying aloft in the wake
    of a prior impulse and veered deep-layer flow may keep most
    convection relatively shallow, while deeper cells remain sparse due
    to weak low-level convergence. Therefore, while some (most likely
    marginal) damaging wind threat could evolve on D4/Friday,
    uncertainty with this potential is too great for highlights.

    Thereafter, the potential for severe weather appears low across the
    country through the remainder of the extended period, as an eastern
    US trough prevents significant poleward moisture return.

    ..Picca.. 10/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 10, 2018 07:37:24
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    ------------=_1539157046-25255-2965
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100737
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100735

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CDT Wed Oct 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Significant organized severe convection is not expected during the
    upcoming medium-range period.

    Medium-range models are in general agreement that higher theta-e air
    mass will be shunted south into lower latitudes as several surges of continental air plunge into the CONUS. Even so, adequate
    moisture/instability should linger across south TX which could
    return north this weekend aiding thunderstorm activity. However, GFS
    is considerably faster than the ECMWF ejecting TC Sergio across
    northern Mexico into west TX. Thunder probabilities should increase
    ahead of this feature, especially as it encounters the
    aforementioned corridor of moisture across portions of the southern
    Plains. Given the placement uncertainty of Sergio and the
    possibility for only modest instability, 15% severe probs are not
    warranted during the day4-5 time frame across this region. Beyond
    the day5, moisture/instability will be shunted off the Gulf/Atlantic
    Coasts and thunder potential will be greatly reduced across the
    country.

    ..Darrow.. 10/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 17, 2018 07:00:55
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    ------------=_1539759660-25255-6745
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170700
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170659

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Wed Oct 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Thunderstorm activity across much of the CONUS will remain minimal
    through the Wed/D8 period, owing to relatively stable/polar air
    masses.

    For Sat/D4-Sun/D5, a large upper trough will move from the Great
    Lakes across the Northeast, with high pressure moving from the
    Plains toward the East Coast. A narrow area of unstable air may
    briefly exist across the coastal Southeast on Sat/D4 ahead of a
    rapidly moving cold front, but only general thunderstorms are
    expected as cool/dry air rapidly overtakes the region. Thereafter,
    northwest flow aloft will remain across much of the Northeast for
    the D6-D8 period, with another area of high pressure maintaining
    stable conditions.

    Elsewhere, a few thunderstorms are possible Sat/D4 into Sun/D5
    across the lower CO Valley and Mogollon Rim in association with a
    weak upper low providing cool temperatures aloft. Any severe threat
    will be marginal, with perhaps small hail or locally gusty winds.

    ..Jewell.. 10/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 24, 2018 08:49:15
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    ------------=_1540370959-25255-8311
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240849
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240847

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0347 AM CDT Wed Oct 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Following a series of shortwave troughs digging southeast across the
    Plains and Mississippi Valley this weekend, highly amplified
    cyclonic flow will envelop the eastern half of the US into early
    next week. In turn, despite attempts at cyclogenesis across the
    central US this weekend, no significant northward moisture return is anticipated east of the Rockies until at least the middle of next
    week. Even then, poleward return of low-level theta-e may be
    considerably limited by the relatively short wavelength / increased
    frequency of synoptic waves across the country. Therefore, the
    potential for organized severe weather appears low through the
    extended period.

    ..Picca.. 10/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 11, 2018 07:35:27
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    ------------=_1539243330-25255-3783
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110735
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110733

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Thu Oct 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance continues to suggest a strong surface
    anticyclone will build south across the Rockies/High Plains forcing
    a sharp cold front deep into TX during the day Sunday. This boundary
    will undercut a seasonally moist air mass which should result in a
    corridor of elevated post-frontal convection across the southern
    Plains into the lower MS Valley. While some of this elevated
    convection could be strong immediately behind the front, large-scale
    pattern does not favor organized severe, especially if thunderstorms
    are primarily post frontal in nature. Continental air mass is
    expected to spread into lower latitudes which will shunt higher PW environment/convective threat off the Gulf Coast early next week.

    ..Darrow.. 10/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 18, 2018 08:35:33
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539851736-25255-6938
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180835
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180833

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0333 AM CDT Thu Oct 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Most models are in good agreement through about Mon/D5, depicting a
    large, amplified upper trough exiting the eastern states on Sun/D4,
    with another shortwave within the larger-scale area of cyclonic flow
    aloft affecting the Great Lakes and Northeast beyond Mon/D5. This
    will ensure relatively cool and dry conditions over the central and
    eastern CONUS during this period.

    Beyond Mon/D5, model solutions begin to diverge. There is some hint
    of more organized thunderstorm potential across parts of eastern TX
    across the Deep South in the Wed/D7 to Thu/D8 time frame, but both predictability and potential for anything significant are low at
    this time.

    ..Jewell.. 10/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, October 12, 2018 07:56:00
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    ------------=_1539330962-25255-4755
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120754

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 AM CDT Fri Oct 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    High pressure will spread southeastward across the Plains and toward
    the MS Valley on Mon/D4, with a cold front providing a focus for
    rain and thunderstorms from the OH Valley to TX. Winds aloft will be
    quite strong from the mid MS Valley to the Northeast due to a fast
    moving low amplitude upper trough, but instability is forecast to be
    weak along the front, partly due to extensive precipitation early in
    the day.

    Through the remainder of the D5-D8 period, dry air with high
    pressure will remain entrenched across the bulk of the CONUS, the
    exception being Florida which will be under the influence of an
    upper ridge. As such, severe weather is not expected.

    ..Jewell.. 10/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, October 13, 2018 08:46:43
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    ------------=_1539420408-25255-5220
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Sat Oct 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Various models are in good agreement through the D8 period,
    depicting a relatively dry and stable pattern for much of the CONUS.
    Only weak instability will exist across the Southeast on Tue/D4 and
    Wed/D5, ahead of a cold front and south of an amplifying upper
    trough over the Northeast. For the Thu/D6 to Sat/D8 period, the bulk
    of the moist/unstable air will remain offshore with relatively high
    pressure over land, and a propensity for upper troughs to amplify
    over the Northeast.

    ..Jewell.. 10/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 14, 2018 05:15:10
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539494118-25255-5550
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140515
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140513

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1213 AM CDT Sun Oct 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The threat for severe thunderstorms is negligible across the CONUS
    during the Wed/D4 to Sun/D8 period. High pressure and a cold front
    will shunt a moist, unstable air mass largely offshore by Thu/D5,
    the exception being FL with the threat of a few convective showers.
    Some low-level moisture return will occur during the Fri/D6 to
    Sun/D8 period across southeast TX eastward along the northern Gulf
    Coast, but winds aloft will remain weak there with an upper high
    centered over the Gulf of Mexico.

    ..Jewell.. 10/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 21, 2018 07:55:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540108535-25255-7374
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210754

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 AM CDT Sun Oct 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    High pressure will remain centered over the Midwest on Wed/D4, and
    will shift east across the Great Lakes on Thu/D5. During this
    period, the more substantial low-level moisture will remain over the
    Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic. By Fri/D6, an upper trough is
    forecast to amplify over Gulf of Mexico as an upper jet dives
    southeastward across the Southern Plains. This will induce low
    pressure to form over the northeastern Gulf of Mexico by early
    Fri/D6, which will draw 70s F dewpoints eastward over the FL
    Peninsula. Mean winds through a deep layer as well as shear will
    increase ahead of a cold front with scattered storms affecting FL on
    Fri/D6. Instability will not be strong, but some severe wind threat
    is possible. At this time, predictability is too low to introduce
    severe probabilities especially given low-end potential. However, a
    Slight Risk could be added to parts of FL in later outlooks as
    confidence increases.

    From Sat/D7 and beyond, a strong cold front will scour much of the
    region of moisture with strong northwest flow over the Plains.

    ..Jewell.. 10/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 15, 2018 07:17:18
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539587841-25255-6172
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150717
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150715

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CDT Mon Oct 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    As one upper trough departs the northeastern states on Thu/D4,
    another will drop south into the northern Plains into Fri/D5, and
    will further amplify across the eastern states through the
    Sat/D6-Mon/D8 period. This will maintain a progression of surface
    highs from the Plains to East which will keep low-level moisture and
    any substantial instability largely offshore.

    ..Jewell.. 10/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 09, 2018 07:36:17
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539070580-25255-2255
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090736
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090734

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 AM CDT Tue Oct 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential is forecast to be low across the CONUS through most
    of the upcoming medium-range period. The one exception will be
    across parts of TX during the day5 period. Remnants of Hurricane
    Sergio are expected to move across northern Mexico into West TX
    early Saturday. If this TC ejects into the southern Plains as
    currently forecast there will be an increased risk of convection
    from the Big Bend toward the Red River region. Given the strength of
    this system, moisture/instability could advance into a region of
    enhance shear where organized thunderstorms would be favored. Will
    not introduce 15% severe probs across this region due to uncertainty
    regarding the timing of the remnant short wave and the lack of
    sureness about thermodynamic profiles across this portion of the
    southern Plains.

    ..Darrow.. 10/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 16, 2018 05:53:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539669207-25255-6468
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160553
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160552

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1252 AM CDT Tue Oct 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    For the Fri/D4 to Tue/D8 period, large-scale upper troughs are
    forecast to amplify across the northeastern CONUS, thus keeping
    stable conditions in place for most locations. Once exception may be
    along the coastal Carolinas and Georgia on Sat/D5, where mid 60s F
    dewpoints are forecast to briefly spread north ahead of a cold front
    associated with the first major trough amplification across the
    Great Lakes. Forecast soundings reveal very small MUCAPE values,
    thus severe weather appears unlikely. However, strong mean westerly
    winds could result in locally gusty winds with any convection
    related to the frontal passage.

    Elsewhere, cool temperatures aloft are forecast to persist across
    the Southwest, with a weak upper low drifting across northern Baja
    CA. This will likely result in scattered daytime storms near the
    Mogollon Rim from Sat/D5 into Mon/D7. Weak shear will preclude any
    severe threat, but steep lapse rates aloft may support small hail.

    ..Jewell.. 10/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 25, 2018 07:17:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540451871-25255-8551
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250717
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250716

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Thu Oct 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Given a large mid/upper trough across the eastern US this weekend,
    any substantive northward moisture return will be quite limited
    through early next week. As a result, severe weather appears
    unlikely through at least D5/Mon, due to a lack of appreciable
    instability. Thereafter, decreasing heights across the west and
    strengthening flow over the Rockies should aid the northward return
    of low-level moisture across the Plains. At least some small uptick
    in severe weather potential appears possible D6/Tue-D8/Thu, as
    forcing for ascent eventually overspreads a moistening boundary
    layer. However, medium-range guidance indicates considerable
    uncertainty with the evolution and eastward progression of the
    mid-level trough. Considering there will not likely be an abundance
    of instability present, any notable changes in the trough evolution
    will likely have a considerable impact on the timing/placement of
    any severe weather. Therefore, no extended highlights appear
    warranted at this time.

    ..Picca.. 10/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, October 26, 2018 08:28:24
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260828
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260826

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CDT Fri Oct 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Early next week, a mid/upper trough is forecast to depart the East
    Coast as a ridge axis shifts across the Mississippi Valley. The
    resultant surface pattern will feature high pressure gradually
    shifting offshore the southeast US coast. Along its western fringe,
    modest boundary-layer moisture return will occur across the
    southern/central Plains. Meanwhile, heights will fall across the
    western US as several shortwave troughs progress onshore during the
    first half of the week. Over time, increasing forcing for ascent
    (associated with the western longwave trough) should overspread
    moistening low levels across the south-central US, with increasing
    chances for thunderstorm activity by mid-week. Strengthening
    southwesterly flow aloft may offer some potential for severe
    weather, primarily from parts of Texas into the Southeast
    D6/Wed-D7/Thu. However, continued spatiotemporal inconsistency in
    medium-range guidance, in addition to the possibility of any severe
    threat being dampened some by primarily linear forcing along a
    front, precludes the introduction of severe probabilities at this
    time.

    ..Picca.. 10/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, October 27, 2018 08:33:00
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270832
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270831

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0331 AM CDT Sat Oct 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On D4/Tue, a ridge extending from northern Mexico to the Great Lakes
    will shift eastward in response to an upstream trough digging across
    the Great Basin and southern/central Rockies. As heights begin to
    lower across the central US, large-scale ascent should foster at
    least weak cyclogenesis along a cold front stretching from the
    southern Plains to the Midwest. Although some discrepancies exist
    between various medium-range guidance regarding the
    timing/orientation of the larger-scale trough and any embedded
    impulses, deterministic/ensemble solutions appear to be converging
    on a weaker surface cyclone associated with veered surface flow
    ahead of the cold front. As such, although this front will encounter progressively deeper moisture and at least weak/modest buoyancy from
    Texas to parts of the Southeast D5/Wed-D6/Thu, any strong convection
    may be confined to areas near the front. Furthermore,
    uni-directional flow suggests storms may quickly become elevated
    atop the frontal surface. Therefore, while strengthening deep-layer
    flow may offer some severe potential around mid-week, the threat
    appears too marginal to introduce extended probabilities, especially considering temporal uncertainty.

    ..Picca.. 10/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 28, 2018 08:37:06
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280835

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CDT Sun Oct 28 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Guidance has trended towards a more amplified, slower shortwave
    trough across the southern Plains at the beginning of the period. As
    a result, this shortwave (and its accompanying jet streak) are
    forecast to interact with the moist and buoyant air mass in place
    ahead of the system from east TX across the Lower MS Valley and
    across the Southeast. Given the boundary-parallel flow and lagging
    upper trough, much of the activity on D4/Wednesday currently appears
    it will occur along and behind the front. However, current guidance
    is suggesting that the upper system will catch up with the surface
    trough D4/Wednesday evening while also strengthening and acquiring a
    more neutral/slightly negative tilt. Strong vertical shear and
    modest buoyancy in tandem with the forcing for ascent could then
    result in increasing storm coverage and intensity along and just
    ahead of the front. Some threat for severe thunderstorms could
    persist eastward into the Southeast on D5/Thursday.

    Run-to-run and model-to-model consistency within the guidance is
    still too variable to have enough confidence to delineate any areas.
    However, if the current model signal persists, outlook areas will
    likely be needed in subsequent forecasts across portions of the
    Lower MS Valley and Southeast states.

    ..Mosier.. 10/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 29, 2018 08:12:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540800767-25255-9636
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290812
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290811

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0311 AM CDT Mon Oct 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to struggle with the evolution of
    the shortwave trough pivoting through the base of the large upper
    trough expected to cover much of the CONUS on D4/Thursday.
    Thunderstorms are likely across the Southeast on D4/Thursday but the
    strength of these storms will be tied to downstream destabilization
    and speed of the cold front, both of which are highly uncertain at
    this point. A severe threat may evolve on D4/Thursday (primarily
    across southern AL and the western FL Panhandle) but uncertainty is
    too high to delineate any areas with this outlook.

    After D4/Thursday, forecast confidence decreases further as model
    solutions diverge. Depending on frontal timing, some thunderstorms
    may occur on D5/Friday along the Mid-Atlantic coast. Stable
    conditions look to prevail during the weekend.

    ..Mosier.. 10/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 30, 2018 08:56:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540889776-25255-9875
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Tue Oct 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models are in general agreement on Friday, moving
    an upper-level trough across the Mississippi Valley as a cold front
    advances across the Eastern Seaboard. The instability axis is
    forecast to move offshore during the day ending a marginal
    wind-damage threat in the coastal sections of the Carolinas and
    Georgia Friday morning. A marginal wind-damage threat could develop
    across Florida along the cold front Friday afternoon but weak
    deep-layer shear should keep any threat isolated there. On Saturday,
    the medium-range models move an upper-level trough across the High
    Plains and have surface high pressure in place across the eastern
    third of the nation. This should limit the potential for severe
    storms across the CONUS Saturday and Saturday night.

    ...Sunday/Day 6 to Tuesday/Day 8...
    The ECMWF, GFS, Canadian and Parallel FV3 continue to move the
    upper-level trough across the central states on Sunday. Of the four
    solutions, the ECMWF is the fastest and this is the preferred
    solution. The ECMWF suggests that low-level moisture advection from
    the Gulf of Mexico will be mitigated because the stronger low-level
    flow is forecast to remain in the Ohio Valley. For this reason, any
    severe threat on Sunday is expected to remain marginal and confined
    to the lower Mississippi Valley. On Monday, the ECMWF develops
    another upper-level trough in the Great Plains and markedly
    increases moisture advection across the Southern Plains. The GFS and
    Canadian models also develop the upper-level trough in the Great
    Plains and move a strong mid-level jet across the southern states.
    The exit region of the mid-level jet could contribute to a severe
    weather event from the southern Plains eastward into the lower
    Mississippi Valley on Monday but uncertainty exists concerning
    system timing and moisture return. An outlook area could be needed
    for Monday once run-to-run consistency can be determined for this
    event. On Tuesday, the models move a cold front quickly eastward
    across the Gulf Coast States. Severe weather would be possible ahead
    of the front from the central Gulf Coast northeastward across parts
    of Alabama and Georgia. However, system timing is again questionable
    making uncertainty high on Day 8.

    ..Broyles.. 10/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 31, 2018 13:11:50
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540991524-25255-10168
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    ACUS48 KWNS 311311
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 311310

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0810 AM CDT Wed Oct 31 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 and Sunday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models are in reasonably good agreement on Saturday
    moving an upper-level trough across the eastern U.S. A cold front is
    forecast to move off the east coast ending the convective potential
    early in the day. An upper-level trough is forecast to develop in
    the central states where thunderstorm development will be possible
    Saturday night. Instability should be to weak for a severe threat
    there.

    On Sunday, the upper-level trough is forecast to move toward the
    Mississippi Valley as a cold front advances southeastward into the
    mid Mississippi Valley and southern Plains. Moisture return is
    forecast to be minimal ahead of the front. A marginal severe threat
    will be possible Sunday afternoon across the Texas Coastal Plains
    where the greatest amount of low-level moisture is forecast.

    ...Monday/Day 6 through Wednesday/Day 8
    The medium-range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET, Canadian
    and Parallel FV3 develop another upper-level trough in the Great
    Plains on Monday. The timing and amplitude of the trough differ with
    the GFS and Parallel FV3 showing the most amplified trough. Ahead of
    the upper-level trough, the models increase low-level moisture
    across eastern sections of the southern Plains into the lower to mid Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorms with an isolated severe threat
    will be possible Monday evening and that potential may increase in
    the overnight period. Uncertainty still exists concerning moisture
    return and for that reason, will not add an threat area for Monday.

    On Tuesday, the model solutions diverge with ECMWF showing a less
    amplified and slower moving upper-level trough than the GFS and
    Parallel FV3. If the ECMWF solution pans out, a severe threat would
    be possible along a cold front in the Southeast Tuesday afternoon.
    On Wednesday, the models differ markedly with some solutions keeping
    the front in the extreme Southeast while others move the front well
    off the Atlantic coast. Due to model variance, uncertainty is
    substantial on Tuesday and Wednesday so will go predictability to
    low at this time.

    ..Broyles.. 10/31/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 01, 2018 08:57:51
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541062686-25255-10534
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Thu Nov 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 into Monday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models and MREF members are quite different even on
    Sunday across the south-central U.S. The GFS and about half of its
    ensemble members in addition to the Parallel FV3, move a
    negatively-tilted shortwave trough quickly northeastward out of the
    southern Plains and into the mid Mississippi Valley from Sunday into
    Monday. Under this scenario, moisture return into the lower
    Mississippi Valley and Arklatex would be quicker but moisture would
    have less time to become established. In contrast, the ECMWF,
    Canadian and UKMET are less amplified with the Great Plains
    upper-level trough and are much slower with low-level moisture
    return. The ECMWF, which seems to be the middle solution, does not
    move a shortwave trough into the mid Mississippi Valley, which would
    delay the strongest moisture return until Monday. This seems to be
    the preferred scenario, which would be the most favorable solution
    for a severe-weather event from southern Missouri southward across
    Arkansas into northern Louisiana Monday evening. Under this
    scenario, strong low-level and deep-layer shear would be present for
    supercells with wind damage, large hail and tornadoes possible.
    However, this potential is made uncertain by the large variance in
    model solutions concerning the finer-scale details of Sunday and
    Monday's scenario. At this point, will not outlook an area until the
    models can come into better agreement.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 to Thursday/Day 8...
    On Tuesday, the medium-range models move a cold front eastward
    across the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys but the models vary on the
    upper-level pattern. The GFS is much more amplified than the ECMWF
    with the upper-level trough in the mid Mississippi Valley. While the
    GFS has a 70 to 80 kt mid-level jet over the Southeast on Tuesday,
    the ECMWF has a 80 to 90 kt mid-level jet over the Ohio Valley. Both
    solutions suggest a severe threat would be possible in parts of the
    Southeast and southern to central Appalachian Mountains. The
    magnitude of the threat would be determined by several factors which
    the models can not yet pin down.

    On Wednesday and Thursday, the models agree that the upper-level
    trough will move across the Northeast as another upper-level trough
    moves across the south-central U.S. At the surface, high pressure
    would become established over the eastern half of the nation
    confining thunderstorm development to the Eastern Seaboard on
    Wednesday and limiting thunderstorm development across the CONUS on
    Thursday.

    ..Broyles.. 11/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 02, 2018 09:08:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 020908
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020907

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0407 AM CDT Fri Nov 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Potential exists for a significant severe event to transpire day 4
    (Monday) into day 5 (Tuesday) mainly from the lower MS Valley into
    the Southeast States. Model solutions have converged and
    demonstrated run to run consistency, depicting significant
    cyclogenesis to commence by Monday evening over the lower MS Valley
    in response to an approaching intense upper jet within base of an
    amplifying shortwave trough. The low is forecast to deepen as it
    lifts northeast into IL overnight with trailing cold front advancing
    through the TN and lower MS valley regions. Richer low-level
    moisture residing over the northern Gulf will advect rapidly
    northward through the warm sector in response to the strengthening
    low-level jet, contributing to destabilization with moderate
    instability possible from east TX into a portion of the Gulf Coast
    states. Severe storms are likely to develop along advancing cold
    front Monday afternoon initially from southeast OK into east TX,
    then spreading into the lower MS Valley and TN Valley regions Monday
    night. Impressive wind profiles with large hodographs and an intense
    upper jet will promote a threat for damaging wind, tornadoes and
    large hail. Severe threat will continue east through portions of the
    Southeast states and Middle Atlantic Tuesday.

    ..Dial.. 11/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 02, 2018 16:15:30
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541175342-25255-11100
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    ACUS48 KWNS 021615
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 021613

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1113 AM CDT Fri Nov 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    CORRECTED FOR LABEL ON DAY-8 GRAPHIC

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Potential exists for a significant severe event to transpire day 4
    (Monday) into day 5 (Tuesday) mainly from the lower MS Valley into
    the Southeast States. Model solutions have converged and
    demonstrated run to run consistency, depicting significant
    cyclogenesis to commence by Monday evening over the lower MS Valley
    in response to an approaching intense upper jet within base of an
    amplifying shortwave trough. The low is forecast to deepen as it
    lifts northeast into IL overnight with trailing cold front advancing
    through the TN and lower MS valley regions. Richer low-level
    moisture residing over the northern Gulf will advect rapidly
    northward through the warm sector in response to the strengthening
    low-level jet, contributing to destabilization with moderate
    instability possible from east TX into a portion of the Gulf Coast
    states. Severe storms are likely to develop along advancing cold
    front Monday afternoon initially from southeast OK into east TX,
    then spreading into the lower MS Valley and TN Valley regions Monday
    night. Impressive wind profiles with large hodographs and an intense
    upper jet will promote a threat for damaging wind, tornadoes and
    large hail. Severe threat will continue east through portions of the
    Southeast states and Middle Atlantic Tuesday.

    ..Dial.. 11/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 03, 2018 09:00:59
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541235664-25255-11422
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Sat Nov 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some threat for severe storms should persist into Tuesday (day 4),
    mainly from a portion of the Southeast States into the Middle
    Atlantic. Showers and thunderstorms will be ongoing along and just
    ahead of the cold front from the OH Valley into the Gulf Coast
    states. Surface low will shift from the OH Valley into the lower
    Great Lakes as the attendant shortwave trough continues northeast.
    Vertical wind profiles will support organized convection along the
    cold front. However, widespread clouds and more limited moisture
    return should result in weak instability, especially with northward
    extent into the Middle Atlantic where the strongest kinematic
    environment will evolve. Nevertheless, at least some threat for
    damaging wind and perhaps a couple of tornadoes will exist during
    the day.

    For day 5 overall severe potential should remain relatively low.
    However, southwestern extension of a front over the northern Gulf
    will return northward as a warm front, resulting in destabilization
    across a portion of TX and the lower MS Valley. The warm sector will
    reside south of primary upper jet axis, but storms will likely
    develop within evolving warm advection regime north of warm front
    from parts of northern TX and OK into AR and LA. These storms will
    likely be elevated, but could pose some risk for hail.

    Day 6 a greater severe threat may evolve as the next in a series of
    shortwave troughs advance southeast, accompanied by a cold front
    through the Southern Plains and lower MS Valley. Wind profiles and
    the thermodynamic environment should be sufficient for some strong
    to severe storms to develop along the front and move southeast
    through east TX, AR and LA during the evening. A severe risk area
    will probably be needed in future updates as confidence increases in
    this scenario.

    ..Dial.. 11/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 04, 2018 08:49:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541321390-25255-11741
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040849
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0248 AM CST Sun Nov 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Day 4 overall severe potential should remain relatively low.
    However, southwestern extension of a front over the northern Gulf
    will return northward as a warm front, resulting in destabilization
    across a portion of TX and the lower MS Valley. The warm sector will
    reside south of primary upper jet axis, but storms will likely
    develop within evolving warm advection regime north of warm front
    from parts of northern TX and OK into AR and LA. These storms will
    likely be elevated, but could pose some risk for hail.

    Day 6 a greater severe threat might evolve as the next in a series
    of shortwave troughs advance east southeast, accompanied by a cold
    front through the Southern Plains and lower MS Valley. Vertical wind
    profiles and thermodynamic environment might become sufficient for a
    few strong to severe storms to develop along the front and move
    through east TX and the lower MS Valley during the evening. However,
    model solutions begin to diverge with the GFS being less amplified
    and more progressive, suggesting a more marginal threat compared to
    the ECMWF.

    ..Dial.. 11/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 05, 2018 10:38:39
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541410731-25255-12087
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050938
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050937

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0337 AM CST Mon Nov 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Day 4 (Thursday) thunderstorms will remain possible along a frontal
    boundary mainly from the coastal Carolinas through the Gulf Coast
    states into southeast TX. However, the modestly unstable warm sector
    will remain south of the stronger winds aloft resulting in low
    potential for organized severe storms.

    Day 5 (Friday) a low amplitude shortwave trough embedded within the
    broad upper trough is forecast to move through the OH Valley during
    the day. With forcing remaining mostly post frontal, any surface
    wave development along the front over the Southeast States should
    remain weak. The passage of the northern-stream shortwave trough
    will usher in another surge of high pressure which should push the
    front into the Gulf.

    By day 6 (Saturday) with exception of a few thunderstorms possible
    over FL along the cold front, a large area of high pressure will
    dominate the eastern U.S., resulting in stable conditions.

    ..Dial.. 11/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 06, 2018 10:46:18
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060946
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060944

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CST Tue Nov 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Two significant troughs -- both embedded within broader upper
    troughing forecast to prevail over a large portion of the country
    through much of the period -- will advance across the central and
    eastern states. The first -- crossing the Midwest and Great Lakes
    Friday (Day 4) and then New England Saturday (Day 5) -- will result
    in Northeast surface cyclogenesis late in the week. While an associated/developing cold front will cross the East Coast states
    Friday, the absence of surface-based CAPE expected ahead of the
    front appears likely at this time to preclude any appreciable severe
    risk.

    After passage of this upper system, and associated cold front, high
    pressure will prevail at the surface across a large portion of the
    country. Late in the period, small-scale troughs digging
    southeastward out of Canada will eventually carve out a sharpening, larger-scale trough that is expected to cross the eastern half of
    the country late in the period. A weak surface low should cross the
    Great Lakes days 6-7 (Sunday and Monday) in conjunction with this
    trough, followed by possible low development near the Atlantic Coast
    late in the period as the trough continues its eastward advance.
    With stable air prevailing inland however, severe weather is not
    expected.

    ..Goss.. 11/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 07, 2018 10:54:56
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070954
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070953

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CST Wed Nov 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models appear to be in good agreement through Day 5
    (Sunday 11-11), with broad, cyclonic flow aloft and high pressure at
    the surface prevailing over the U.S. through the weekend.

    Differences begin to emerge however by day 6/Monday, with short-wave
    troughing digging south-southeastward out of western Canada and
    across the Great Basin. As this feature works southeastward into
    the base of the larger-scale trough, timing/intensity/location
    differences become evident. The effect of these differences is
    reflected at the surface, where a remnant baroclinic zone is progged
    to be lying over the Gulf of Mexico. As the upper troughing
    advances, weak cyclogenesis is expected to occur along this
    baroclinic zone.

    In the GFS solution, the cyclogenesis remains very weak and
    offshore, shifting east across the northern Gulf along the boundary,
    and eventually crossing Florida through day 6/Monday. After
    emerging into the Atlantic, the low is then progged to deepen and
    shift northward along the East Coast as an evolving Nor'easter,
    eventually reaching the Canadian Maritimes through the end of the
    period.

    Meanwhile, the ECMWF shifts a more substantial/developing low inland
    across the central Gulf Coast region day 6/Monday, with the low then
    moving slowly northeast across the Southeast/Appalachians through
    Day 7 -- as a result evolution of the upper trough into a much
    slower-moving closed low over central portions of the country. This
    inland surface low track -- should it occur -- would likely allow
    some inland moistening/destabilization in the warm sector of the
    evolving cyclone. This could present some risk for severe weather,
    as convection spreads across the Southeast under this scenario.

    Given the substantial model differences evident at this time, no
    severe weather risk areas will be issued. The risk will be
    re-assessed in later outlooks, however, in light of model evolution
    and -- hopefully -- at least some convergence of solutions.

    ..Goss.. 11/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 08, 2018 10:48:32
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080948
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080946

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CST Thu Nov 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model differences remain quite apparent beginning day 5/Monday, as
    disagreement persists with respect to upper flow field evolution and
    -- particularly -- effects on the surface pattern over the
    southeastern quarter of the country. While the GFS and ECMWF have
    come into slightly better agreement, with the European model
    trending more toward the GFS solution, differences are still
    substantial from day 5 onward.

    Initially, high pressure is progged to prevail over much of the
    country. However, as upper troughing digs southeast across the
    Rockies and emerges into the central U.S., some northward return of
    a baroclinic zone across the Gulf of Mexico is expected. The
    primary difference between the GFS and ECMWF is reflected in surface wave/frontal low development. Again, the GFS remains subdued,
    depicting a very weak wave moving eastward across northern
    Florida/Georgia, and appreciable cyclogenesis delayed until the wave
    reaches the Gulf Stream -- with a cyclogenetic low then developing
    northward along the East Coast. Meanwhile, the ECMWF continues to
    bring a developing low northeastward out of the Gulf and across the Southeast/Mid South day 5 (Monday), and then across the Appalachians
    and into the Northeast/New England through day 6 (Tuesday).

    Clearly, the ECMWF solution would be a bit more bullish with respect
    to convective potential and possibly limited severe risk, given the
    inland track of the surface low. Even then however, with a strong
    cold-air dam forecast in lee of the Appalachians, thermodynamic
    concerns would likely limit any severe risk to a substantial degree.

    In any case, these persisting differences in model solutions
    continue to cast considerable uncertainty upon the medium-range
    convective forecast, with predictability too low to warrant a
    confident assessment of risk.

    ..Goss.. 11/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 09, 2018 09:42:07
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090842
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090840

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CST Fri Nov 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    00z model guidance is in general agreement that a significant upper
    trough will dig southeast across the Plains into the MS Valley
    during the day4/5 time period. This feature is expected to induce a
    weak surface low along a boundary over the northern Gulf basin
    before it ejects northeast ahead of aforementioned trough. The
    degree of downstream ridging will likely influence how far inland
    this surface feature tracks with some diversity of solutions noted
    among the models. It's not entirely clear how much
    moisture/instability will spread inland for potential deep
    convection. The GFS/Canadian are a bit flatter and quicker with the
    evolving surface low as it tracks near the Southeast coast than the
    ECMWF which allows for appreciably more air mass destabilization
    inland. Will not introduce severe probs for this region due to the
    uncertainty of this evolving system. However, there appears to be
    some potential for organized convection if a slower/deeper,
    farther-inland solution does transpire.

    ..Darrow.. 11/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 10, 2018 09:41:10
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CST Sat Nov 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm potential will be low across the CONUS through
    the medium-range period.

    Several dominant continental air masses will overspread the country
    forcing higher PW toward lower latitudes. Weak buoyancy across the
    FL Peninsula will likely support convection during the day4 period,
    especially along a cold front as it surges south across this region.
    While a few robust storms could ultimately evolve along the
    boundary, meager large-scale forcing for ascent should limit severe
    potential along the southward-moving wind shift.

    ..Darrow.. 11/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 11, 2018 09:36:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 AM CST Sun Nov 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Strong 500mb flow is forecast to dig southeast across the northern-intermountain region into TX by mid week. Model guidance,
    except the GFS, is reluctant to eject this system east of the MS
    Valley until late day5/6 when significant differences begin to
    materialize. If this feature ejects at a low enough latitude, moisture/instability could advance into the Southeast such that
    robust convection would be possible. The most likely region would be
    from southern GA into eastern NC. Given the uncertainty in
    timing/placement of this feature, will not introduce severe probs to
    this part of the country.

    ..Darrow.. 11/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 12, 2018 09:19:51
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120819
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120818

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CST Mon Nov 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm area will not be delineated this period.

    12/00z medium-range models agree a strong upper trough will dig into
    TX during the day1 period; however, trough progression beyond day2
    becomes problematic as forecast scenarios differ considerably. The
    most progressive FV3-GFS ejects the upper trough into the central
    Appalachians by 18z day4, while the ECMWF/Canadian hold a strong
    upper low back near MEM at the same time. Beyond day4, models are in
    general agreement that this feature should eventually migrate off
    the New England coast by this weekend. With a wedge front expected
    to hold east of the Appalachians, any cyclogenesis induced by this
    feature will likely do so very near the Carolina coast, or just
    offshore. Predictability will remain low until these issues can be
    resolved.

    ..Darrow.. 11/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 13, 2018 09:30:27
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    ------------=_1542097839-25255-16117
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130828

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Tue Nov 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential will be very low through the upcoming medium-range
    period.

    Significant surge of cP air will penetrate the northern Plains
    during the day4 period then settle southeast across the CONUS east
    of the Rockies. Offshore flow and stable boundary-layer conditions
    will prove hostile toward convection through early next week and
    severe threat will be minimal this period.

    ..Darrow.. 11/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 14, 2018 09:43:01
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    ------------=_1542184983-25255-16569
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140842
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 AM CST Wed Nov 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Stable continental air will dominate the CONUS through early next
    week as northwesterly mid-level flow will ensure higher theta-e air
    mass is shunted off the Gulf and Atlantic coasts. Toward the end of
    the medium-range period, southern-stream current may begin to
    undercut the western US ridge such that moisture begins to advance
    north into TX. If this occurs, convective potential could increase
    by mid week across the southern Plains.

    ..Darrow.. 11/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 15, 2018 09:30:03
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    ------------=_1542270605-25255-17023
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150828

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Thu Nov 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Organized severe thunderstorm potential will remain low through the medium-range period.

    Stable continental air mass will settle across the CONUS east of the
    Rockies into the middle of next week. Models are in general
    agreement that moisture/instability will struggle to advance inland
    along the Gulf/Atlantic coasts and severe thunderstorm threat will
    remain low through the day4-8 period.

    ..Darrow.. 11/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 16, 2018 10:22:39
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160922
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160921

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0321 AM CST Fri Nov 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance is in good agreement that stable conditions
    will prevail across the CONUS next week as a continental polar air
    mass dominants the sensible weather. Consequently, severe
    thunderstorm development is not anticipated from Day 4/Monday
    through Day 8/Friday.

    ..Mosier.. 11/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 17, 2018 08:57:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170757
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170755

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CST Sat Nov 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Stable conditions are expected to prevail across the majority of the
    CONUS from early next week into the weekend. The only exception is
    across TX on D5/Wednesday, when showers and thunderstorms appear
    possible as a low-amplitude, southern-stream shortwave trough
    progresses over the southern Plains. Given the current guidance,
    severe storms seem unlikely on this day or any other day within the
    forecast period.

    ..Mosier.. 11/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 18, 2018 10:18:17
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    ------------=_1542532702-25255-20436
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180918
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180916

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0316 AM CST Sun Nov 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A southern-stream shortwave trough is expected to progress through
    the southern Plains and Southeast on D4/Wednesday and D5/Thursday.
    However, predominately stable conditions ahead of it should preclude
    any severe thunderstorm threat. A more substantial shortwave trough
    is expected in the wake of the first on D6/Friday and D7/Saturday.
    Medium-range guidance still shows too much variability for much
    forecast confidence but some thunderstorms appear possible along the
    western and central Gulf Coast either D6/Friday or D7/Saturday.
    Uncertainty is too high to ascertain any severe potential.

    ..Mosier.. 11/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 19, 2018 10:22:26
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    ------------=_1542619406-25255-20827
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190922
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190920

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0320 AM CST Mon Nov 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to show significant variability
    regarding the evolution of the shortwave trough expected to be
    moving through central/southern CA and the Great Basin on
    D4/Wednesday. Recent ECMWF and Canadian runs favor a more southerly
    track, which could result in a potential severe weather threat along
    the Gulf Coast D5/Friday and Mid-Atlantic on D6/Saturday. In
    contrast, GFS keeps the system farther north, limiting its
    interaction with the more favorable low-level moisture along the
    Gulf Coast. Even in the more favorable ECMWF/Canadian solutions, the
    best overlap of instability and shear will be confined to the near
    coastal areas of the central Gulf Coast on D5/Friday and coastal
    Carolinas on D6/Saturday. Given the forecast uncertainty and limited
    threat area, delineating any threat areas on D5/Friday or
    D6/Saturday appears premature for this outlook cycle.

    Some guidance has begun to trend towards a more favorable pattern
    for moisture return across the southern Plains and lower MS Valley
    on D7/Sunday. However, aforementioned model variability results in
    overall low forecast confidence.

    ..Mosier.. 11/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 20, 2018 10:36:28
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 200936
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200935

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CST Tue Nov 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance has come into a little better agreement
    regarding the evolution of the shortwave trough expected to be over
    the central/southern Plains at the beginning of the period (i.e. 12Z
    Friday). Expectation is for the system to move eastward through the
    MS Valley with the strong mid-level flow through its base spreading
    across the Southeast. Associated wind profiles across the Southeast
    are favorable for organized storms but the attendant surface low
    expected to remain close to the coast, preventing much inland
    penetration of the warm sector. Additionally, a small shift in the
    track of the overall system could place the low entirely offshore.
    Forecast uncertainties along with a fairly limited threat area
    preclude the need to outlook any areas on D4/Friday.

    The same shortwave trough is expected to continue
    eastward/northeastward with some resulting severe potential on
    D5/Saturday across the Carolinas. However, like D4/Friday, the risk
    is heavily dependent on the track of the surface low, which has
    shown too much forecast variability within the guidance for much
    forecast confidence.

    After D5/Saturday, the progressive upper pattern is expected to
    continue with another shortwave trough moving from the Plains into
    the MS Valley on D6/Sunday. Strong dynamics will accompany the
    system but guidance has shown significant variability regarding the
    latitude of the system. A lower latitude system could pose a severe
    risk as it interacts with Gulf moisture but more model consistency
    is still needed to have any confidence on severe potential.

    ..Mosier.. 11/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 21, 2018 10:32:14
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    ------------=_1542792739-25255-21647
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210932
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210930

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0330 AM CST Wed Nov 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Surface low associated with the shortwave trough expected to be
    moving northeastward across the eastern CONUS on D4/Saturday will
    likely remain too far offshore to support a severe weather risk.

    Medium-range guidance continues to show a fairly progressive upper
    with a strong shortwave trough traversing the CONUS from D4/Saturday
    through D6/Monday. A more northerly track of the upper system and
    its attendant surface low is suggested by the most recent suite of
    guidance. Consequently, only marginal interaction is anticipated
    between this system and the modest low-level moisture along the Gulf
    Coast, limiting the severe weather potential.

    After D6/Monday, predominately stable conditions are expected as a
    continental polar air mass settles in over the central and eastern
    CONUS.

    ..Mosier.. 11/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 22, 2018 09:02:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220802
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220800

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Thu Nov 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance is in relatively good agreement that a strong
    shortwave trough will move from the central Plains through the mid
    MS and OH Valleys on D4/Sunday. Strong mid-level flow (i.e. 500 mb
    winds over 100 kt) accompanying this system is expected to spread
    over the mid MS, TN, and OH valleys. This maturing upper system will
    also feature a well-developed and large surface low moving just
    ahead of the mid-level center. Much of the dynamics associated with
    this system are expected to be displaced north of the better
    low-level moisture and instability, leading to low severe
    probabilities.

    Farther south (along the Gulf Coast), the coupled jet structure
    currently forecast by the guidance does result in enough flow aloft
    to support severe thunderstorms. However, warm temperatures aloft
    and only modest moisture return will temper overall instability,
    limiting the severe weather potential.

    After D4/Sunday, some thunderstorm potential may linger across the
    East Coast ahead of the approaching cold front with predominately
    stable conditions then anticipated across the CONUS until at least
    the middle of next week.

    ..Mosier.. 11/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 23, 2018 10:35:42
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230935
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230934

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CST Fri Nov 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in good enough agreement through about Tue/D5 showing a
    large upper cyclone centered over the Great lakes with an expansive
    area of cyclonic flow aloft across the eastern half of the CONUS.
    This will result in relatively cool and stable conditions through
    almost the entire D4-D8 outlook period. Although models diverge
    greatly toward Fri/D8, the ECMWF does show a more amplified
    southwestern U.S. trough developing, with a threat of thunderstorms
    over the southern Plains. Predictability is too low to depict any
    severe threat, but Texas may become an area of interest toward the
    end of November.

    ..Jewell.. 11/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 24, 2018 10:45:15
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    ------------=_1543052721-22240-852
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240945
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240943

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0343 AM CST Sat Nov 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A relatively cool and stable pattern will persist on Tue/D4 and
    Wed/D5 due to a large upper vortex moving from the Great Lakes
    across the Northeast, with high pressure over the central and
    eastern states. By Thu/D6, low-level moisture will begin to spread
    north across TX as the pattern aloft becomes more zonal, but with
    little threat of thunderstorms. This may change by Fri/D7 and Sat/D8
    as models show an upper trough developing over the southwestern
    CONUS. This will result in increased southerly low-level winds and a
    return to mid 60s F dewpoints over much of TX and the lower MS
    Valley. Spreads among the ECMWF ensemble members is rather large for
    D7 and D8, thus predictability is too low to consider any severe
    probabilities.

    ..Jewell.. 11/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 25, 2018 10:13:21
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    ------------=_1543137226-22240-1381
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250913
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250911

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0311 AM CST Sun Nov 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in generally good agreement through the Wed/D5 depicting
    a large upper trough exiting the northeastern states with zonal flow
    across much of the CONUS into Thu/D5. This setup will also feature
    high pressure over much of the Southeast, which will in turn keep
    moisture and instability levels low over much of the CONUS.

    For the Fri/D6-Sun/D8 period, models including the ECMWF ensemble
    show some form of upper trough developing over the Southwest, and
    progressing across the southern states. This pattern appears quite unpredictable, but it can be said that thunderstorms will become
    increasingly probable from the southern Plains across the Southeast
    as moisture is gradually drawn northward. The presence of increasing
    flow aloft atop the moistening air mass indicates at least low-end
    severe probabilities may eventually be added in later outlooks as
    the event becomes more evident.

    ..Jewell.. 11/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 26, 2018 09:47:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260847
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0245 AM CST Mon Nov 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models depict a shortwave trough digging across the southwestern
    states on Thur/D4, though solutions vary as far as how amplified it
    will be, with the GFS less so than the ECMWF. Low-level moisture
    will begin returning north across eastern TX into the lower MS
    Valley by this time, but in either scenario instability will be too
    weak for any severe weather threat.

    On Fri/D5, this wave will move into the southern Plains, with
    aforementioned model tendencies holding. It does appear that the GFS
    is becoming a bit more amplified with time, which is closer to the
    ECMWF guidance. In either case, low pressure is likely to form over
    the southern High Plains during the day, with dewpoints into the mid
    60s F across most of eastern TX and LA, and perhaps as far north as
    central AR Friday night if the more amplified ECMWF solution
    verifies. Rapid height falls and a low-level jet increasing to 50 kt
    will favor severe thunderstorms mainly Friday evening and overnight
    from eastern TX into LA and AR. Strong shear profiles will favor
    supercells and/or QLCS structures, depending on upper trough
    geometry. The less amplified GFS solution would result in a more
    focused area of potential, and perhaps more favorable for
    supercells, while the more meridional ECMWF solution would support
    more of a linear storm mode. Regardless, the threat level is great
    enough to depict a 15% area for Fri/D5 for damaging winds and
    tornadoes.

    Some manner of severe threat will likely persist into Sat/D6 across
    MS, AL, GA and TN, but predictability is too low to depict the
    greatest threat area given the likelihood of widespread
    precipitation and model differences in how the upper trough will
    eject.

    ..Jewell.. 11/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 09:28:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543307523-22240-2971
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270828
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270826

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CST Tue Nov 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Though minor differences in amplitude exist, ensemble members are in
    good agreement regarding a progressive shortwave trough that is
    forecast to advance through the lower MS and TN Valley regions
    Friday night (day 4) into Early Saturday (day 5). Modifying air from
    the Gulf with mid to upper 60s F dewpoints will advect through the
    lower MS Valley warm sector Friday resulting in marginal
    near-surface based CAPE within a weak lapse rate environment. Areas
    of clouds and a few showers and thunderstorms will likely be in
    progress along warm conveyor belt during the day, and this lowers
    confidence in degree of destabilization. Winds aloft and vertical
    shear will strengthen overnight, becoming supportive of organized
    storms including supercells with damaging wind and a few tornadoes
    possible. For Saturday (day 5) though some severe threat may linger
    ahead of the advancing cold front from the Gulf Coast states into a
    portion of the TN Valley, tendency will be for the stronger winds
    aloft and deeper forcing to gradually move away from the more
    unstable portion of the warm sector. This along with ongoing
    widespread precipitation, lowers overall confidence in degree of any
    severe threat at this time.

    ..Dial.. 11/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 10:27:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280927
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280926

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CST Wed Nov 28 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Some severe threat might linger ahead of the advancing cold front
    Saturday (day 4) from a portion of the Gulf Coast states into the TN
    and OH Valleys. However, tendency will be for the stronger forcing
    accompanying the northeast-ejecting shortwave trough to gradually
    move away from the more unstable portion of warm sector. This along
    with widespread clouds and areas of ongoing widespread precipitation
    lowers overall confidence in destabilization potential and degree of
    any severe threat at this time.

    By Sunday (day 5) surface low will have occluded and flow aloft will
    become increasingly parallel to the advancing cold front. Deeper
    forcing will remain weak in warm sector, but showers and a few
    thunderstorms will remain possible within zone of modest ascent
    along the warm conveyor belt from the FL panhandle northeastward
    through VA. It appears the mid-upper jet embedded within a broad
    upper trough will remain west of the marginally unstable warm sector
    that should reside from the Mid Atlantic into a portion of the
    southeast states. Nevertheless, strong vertical shear will exist to
    support a conditional threat for strong to severe storms with
    damaging wind the main threat. Too much uncertainty still exists
    regarding the evolution of a likely weak thermodynamic environment
    to introduce a severe risk area.

    ..Dial.. 11/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 29, 2018 11:02:25
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    ------------=_1543485748-22240-4066
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    ACUS48 KWNS 291002
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 291001

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0401 AM CST Thu Nov 29 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    For day 4 (Sunday) an occluded surface low will continue through the
    Great Lakes, and winds aloft will become increasingly parallel to
    the advancing cold front. Deeper forcing will remain weak in the
    moist portion of warm sector, but showers and a few thunderstorms
    will remain possible within zone of low to mid-level ascent along
    the warm conveyor belt from the Gulf coast states northeast into the
    Mid Atlantic region. The mid-upper jet embedded within a broad upper
    trough will persist north and west of the marginally unstable warm
    sector that should reside from the Mid Atlantic to southern portion
    of the Gulf coast states. Nevertheless, strong vertical shear will
    exist to support a conditional threat for strong to severe storms
    with damaging wind the main threat. This environment will persist
    into Day 5 (Monday) before high pressure pushes the cold front
    offshore and into the FL peninsula by Day 6. Too much uncertainty
    still exists regarding the evolution of a likely weak thermodynamic
    environment to introduce a severe risk area at this time.

    ..Dial.. 11/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 30, 2018 10:37:01
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543571044-22240-4353
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300936
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300935

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CST Fri Nov 30 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4...
    West-southwesterly mid-level flow is forecast to be in place across
    the Southeast on Monday. At the surface, a moist airmass should be
    located from the Mississippi Delta eastward to Florida and southern
    Georgia. Thunderstorm development will be possible during the day
    along this corridor where weak instability and strong deep-layer
    shear could be enough for an isolated severe threat.

    ...Tuesday/Day 5 to Thursday/Day 7
    From Tuesday to Thursday...surface high pressure will spread
    eastward across the central and eastern U.S. A dry airmass
    associated with the high will make thunderstorm unlikely across most
    of the U.S during the mid week timeframe.

    ...Friday/Day 8...
    On Friday, the medium-range models show a fast-moving shortwave
    trough reaching the southern Plains by afternoon. Low-level moisture
    return is forecast to take place across the Texas Coastal Plain
    where scattered thunderstorms will be possible during the day. A
    severe threat would be possible under this scenario. However, too
    much uncertainty exists this far out in time to go with an outlook
    area.

    ..Broyles.. 11/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 01, 2018 10:56:08
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010956
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010954

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CST Sat Dec 01 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Relatively cool and stable conditions will persist across the CONUS
    during the D4-D8 period with an amplified, progressive upper-air
    pattern.

    Offshore winds will be ongoing across the Gulf of Mexico and
    Atlantic on Tue/D4 as high pressure drifts from the Plains toward
    the Southeast. The remainder of the period will feature multiple
    shortwave troughs moving through a cyclonic flow regime aloft over
    eastern North America, which in turn will result in reinforcing
    polar air masses surging south across the Plains.

    Various models do indicate the potential for a lower-latitude trough
    to move from the southwestern states across parts of the Gulf Coast
    into the Fri/D7-Sat/D8 period. However, only weak instability is
    currently expected over land.

    ..Jewell.. 12/01/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 02, 2018 10:50:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543744764-22240-5617
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020950
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020949

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0349 AM CST Sun Dec 02 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 to Thursday/Day 5...
    On Wednesday and Thursday, a cold dry airmass is forecast to be in
    place across the central and eastern U.S. which should limit
    thunderstorm development across the CONUS.

    ...Friday/Day 6 to Sunday/Day 8...
    The medium-range models suggest a shortwave trough will move
    eastward across the southern Rockies on Friday with southwest
    mid-level flow across the southern Plains. The models also bring
    low-level moisture northward onto the Texas Coastal Plain where
    thunderstorm development will be possible. A severe threat will also
    be possible there if enough instability can develop Friday
    afternoon. The upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward
    across the Southeast on Saturday and Sunday as a cold front advances
    eastward across the region. Although thunderstorms will be possible
    ahead of the front, model forecasts suggest that instability will
    remain very weak across the Southeast. Although a severe threat can
    not be ruled out, the weak instability will probably limit the
    severe potential over the weekend.

    ..Broyles.. 12/02/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 03, 2018 10:56:46
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    ------------=_1543831012-22240-6415
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030956
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030955

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CST Mon Dec 03 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4...
    From Thursday into Thursday night, the medium-range models move an
    upper-level trough across the eastern U.S as west-northwest
    mid-level flow remains over the central states. At the surface, cold
    dry high pressure will dominate across the eastern half of the CONUS
    limiting thunderstorm development.

    ...Friday/Day 5 and Saturday/Day 6...
    On Friday, the models move an upper-level trough across northern
    Mexico. Ahead of the system, a moist airmass is forecast to return
    to the Texas Coastal Plain. Thunderstorms are expected to develop in
    the Texas Hill Country Friday afternoon and spread eastward to the
    western Gulf Coast Friday night. A severe threat will be possible
    but will be dependent upon how much instability can develop. This
    combined with variance in the models suggests uncertainty is still
    substantial for Friday.

    On Saturday, the model solutions have the upper-level trough across
    the southern Plains with a mid-level jet in the central Gulf Coast
    region. Thunderstorm development will be possible to the southeast
    of the mid-level jet in the coastal areas of Louisiana, Mississippi
    and Alabama Saturday afternoon. A severe threat will be possible but instability is forecast to remain weak.

    ...Sunday/Day 7 and Monday/Day 8...
    On Sunday and Monday, the upper-level trough is forecast to move
    across the eastern U.S. and into the western Atlantic as an
    upper-level ridge develops across the west-central states. At the
    surface, cold dry high pressure is forecast to dominate across much
    of the U.S., limiting thunderstorm development across most of the
    CONUS.

    ..Broyles.. 12/03/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 04, 2018 10:28:24
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    ------------=_1543915766-22122-161
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040928
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040926

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CST Tue Dec 04 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 and Saturday/Day 5...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move into western Mexico on
    Friday. Ahead of the system, a moist airmass is forecast to advect
    northward into south and central Texas. Thunderstorm development
    will be possible across parts of Texas on Friday, probably most
    concentrated in the Texas Hill Country on the northern edge of the
    most airmass. Thunderstorm potential should increase Friday night as
    a mid-level jet moves across northern Mexico and into the southern
    Plains. Although low-level moisture is forecast to be enough for a
    severe threat, instability will determine the magnitude of that
    threat. Due to this uncertainty, will continue predictability too
    low in Friday.

    On Saturday, the upper-level trough is forecast to move across the
    southern Plains with southwest mid-level flow in the central Gulf
    Coast region. Thunderstorm development should occur ahead of the
    trough across the Gulf of Mexico and in the southern Gulf Coast
    States. Although a severe threat will be possible, instability is
    forecast to remain weak by most of the medium-range model solutions.

    ...Sunday/Day 6 to Tuesday/Day 8...
    The models are in relatively good agreement moving an upper-level
    trough across the Gulf of Mexico from Sunday into Monday.
    Thunderstorms will be possible ahead of the trough across the
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday but this threat should end as a front
    advances southward. On Tuesday, cold dry high pressure is forecast
    across most of the CONUS which should limit the potential for
    thunderstorms.

    ..Broyles.. 12/04/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 05, 2018 10:17:29
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    ------------=_1544001454-22122-437
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050917
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050915

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0315 AM CST Wed Dec 05 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 and Sunday/Day 5...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across Mexico on
    Saturday into Saturday night as a mid-level jet moves into the lower Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorm development will be possible near
    the mid-level jet in the central Gulf Coast region on Saturday.
    Although instability is forecast to remain very weak across the
    central Gulf Coast, a severe threat can not be ruled out due to the
    strong deep-layer shear that is forecast.

    On Sunday, the upper-level trough is forecast to be over the Gulf of
    Mexico with west-southwest mid-level flow in much of the Southeast. Thunderstorm development will be possible across parts of the
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday but instability is forecast to remain
    weak. In spite of this, strong deep-layer shear associated with a
    mid-level jet ahead of the upper-level trough, may be enough for an
    isolated severe threat.

    ...Monday/Day 6 to Wednesday/Day 8...
    From Monday to Wednesday, an upper-level ridge is forecast to move
    eastward from the Rockies to the East Coast. At the surface, high
    pressure is forecast to dominate across much of the central and
    eastern U.S. preventing low-level moisture from returning northward
    into the southern states. For this reason, thunderstorm potential
    appears to be limited across the CONUS from Monday to Wednesday.

    ..Broyles.. 12/05/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 06, 2018 10:47:34
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    ------------=_1544089715-22122-742
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060947
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060946

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CST Thu Dec 06 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 to Thursday/Day 8...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the Gulf
    of Mexico on Sunday as a cold front advances southward across the
    Florida Peninsula. Thunderstorm development will be possible across
    the Florida Peninsula Sunday afternoon. From Monday to Wednesday, an upper-level ridge is forecast to move eastward from the central U.S.
    to the Eastern Seaboard. Surface high pressure is forecast to move
    across the central and eastern U.S. during that time-frame. This
    will prevent low-level moisture from returning northward into the
    southern states helping to limit thunderstorm development. On
    Thursday, southerly flow is forecast to develop across western parts
    of the Gulf Coast region. Some low-level moisture return may take
    place along the Texas Coastal Plain where isolated thunderstorms
    will be possible. At this point, instability over the CONUS is
    expected to be too weak during the day 4 to 8 period for a
    substantial severe threat.

    ..Broyles.. 12/06/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 07, 2018 10:34:40
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544175282-22122-1061
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070934
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070932

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0332 AM CST Fri Dec 07 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    It appears that the westerlies will remain split during this period,
    downstream of a strong mid-latitude Pacific jet, across the eastern
    Pacific and Pacific coast though much of North America. The latest
    medium range model output continues to suggest that one branch of
    this regime may undergo considerable amplification, and perhaps lead
    to strong cyclogenesis near/east of the lower Mississippi Valley by
    late next week. Although the boundary layer over much of the
    northern/western Gulf of Mexico may be initially cold/dry early next
    week, there may be time for sufficient modification to allow for a
    substantive return flow of moisture into parts of the Southeast.
    This currently seems most probable across parts of Florida and
    Georgia into the Carolinas some time toward next Friday, perhaps
    accompanied by some organized severe weather potential. However,
    uncertainties at this extended time frame for this potential system
    remain considerable, resulting in the maintenance of less than 15
    percent severe probabilities.

    ..Kerr.. 12/07/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 08, 2018 10:41:46
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    ------------=_1544262927-22122-1372
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080941
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080940

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0340 AM CST Sat Dec 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The westerlies appear likely to remain split across the Pacific
    coast through much of North America, downstream of a strong jet
    extending across much of the mid-latitude Pacific. Models suggest
    that this jet may become largely zonal by early in the coming work
    week, before undergoing considerable amplification through the
    middle to latter portion of the week. Guidance continues to
    indicate that one vigorous short wave perturbation may emerge from
    this regime, and support strong cyclogenesis to the east of the
    southern Rockies. It appears that this could commence by early
    Thursday across the southern Plains, before proceeding across and
    northeast of the lower/middle Mississippi Valley Friday into next
    weekend.

    Given the general forecast strength of this system, it seems
    possible that at least some organized severe weather potential could
    develop. However, boundary layer modification over the northwestern
    Gulf of Mexico, in the wake of a preceding front, may just be in the
    process of commencing as cyclogenesis initiates, and the extent of
    low-level moisture return to the evolving warm sector remains
    unclear. Any possible destabilization supportive of an appreciable
    risk for severe storms seems most probable across/east of the lower
    Mississippi Valley into portions of the Southeast on Friday.
    However, due to considerable lingering spread and associated
    uncertainties evident within/among the model output, severe
    thunderstorm probabilities still appear less than 15 percent at this
    time.

    ..Kerr.. 12/08/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 09, 2018 10:07:18
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    ------------=_1544346442-22122-1832
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090907
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090905

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0305 AM CST Sun Dec 09 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to indicate further amplification
    within a strong mid/upper jet extending across much of the
    mid-latitude Pacific, through the middle to latter portion of the
    coming work week. As this occurs, it still appears that a vigorous
    initial perturbation emerging from this regime may provide support
    for significant cyclogenesis to the lee of the southern Rockies by
    Thursday. As this proceeds across and east of the middle to lower
    Mississippi Valley Friday into next weekend, it seems likely to
    provide the only potential focus for any appreciable risk for severe thunderstorms during this period.

    Any such risk still seems most likely to maximize Friday, somewhere
    across the Southeast. However, mitigating factors remain evident,
    which will considerably impact the possible timing, location and
    extent of this potential. Sizable spread has been apparent within
    and among the various model output concerning the possible cyclone
    evolution, and it remains unclear whether Gulf boundary layer
    modification, in the wake of a prior front, will become sufficient
    to support substantive inland warm sector destabilization.

    ..Kerr.. 12/09/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 10, 2018 10:01:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544433121-22122-3562
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 AM CST Mon Dec 10 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Any severe weather potential during this period likely will be in
    association with a vigorous short wave trough expected to be digging
    across or southeast of the southern Rockies by 12Z Thursday.
    Medium-range model ensemble output generally suggests that this
    impulse will turn east of the southern Plains and progress across
    the lower Mississippi Valley and Southeast by early next weekend.
    However, sizable spread is evident in this output, and among the
    various models, concerning the evolution of this feature and
    associated surface cyclogenesis. And the extent of any possible
    inland warm sector destabilization is becoming increasingly unclear.
    With the lack of more substantive antecedent boundary layer
    moistening over the Gulf of Mexico remaining a mitigating factor,
    severe weather probabilities, while probably not completely
    negligible across the Gulf and south Atlantic Coast region Thursday
    into Friday, still appears to remain below 15 percent at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 12/10/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 11, 2018 10:56:29
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544522202-22122-3973
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 110956
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110955

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CST Tue Dec 11 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models suggest that a surface frontal wave migrating
    inland off the northeastern Gulf of Mexico could be accompanied by
    forcing for ascent and shear supportive of organized severe
    thunderstorm potential on Friday. This currently seems most likely
    to impact portions of northern Florida, from the Big Bend into the Gainesville/Jacksonville areas (and perhaps as far south as the
    Interstate 4 corridor of the central Peninsula), into southern
    Georgia. Guidance indicates that Gulf boundary layer modification
    may allow for an influx of mid 60s+ F surface dewpoints across this
    region during the day, however this may still only result in very
    weak destabilization. Given, also, sizable spread still evident
    among the models, and within their respective ensemble output,
    concerning the evolution and progression of the deep lower/mid
    tropospheric cyclone initially approaching the lower Mississippi
    Valley at 12Z Friday, the extent of any severe weather potential
    remains unclear.

    Otherwise, generally stable conditions appear likely to prevail
    across much of the U.S. this weekend through early next week,
    resulting in negligible risk for severe thunderstorms.

    ..Kerr.. 12/11/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 12, 2018 10:24:07
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544606682-22122-4217
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 120924
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120922

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0322 AM CST Wed Dec 12 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model output indicates that much of the U.S. will
    remain under the general influence of split westerlies emanating
    from the mid-latitude Pacific through this period. However, the
    potential for significant surface cyclogenesis appears low, at least
    to the lee of the southern Rockies. Given the lack of a developing
    return flow off the Gulf of Mexico, and the maintenance of
    relatively cool/dry and stable conditions over the Gulf of Mexico
    (in the wake of a cyclone progressing east of the south Atlantic
    Seaboard this weekend), the risk for severe convection appears
    negligible through at least the middle of next week.

    ..Kerr.. 12/12/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 13, 2018 10:54:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544695499-22122-4570
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130954
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130953

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CST Thu Dec 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Guidance continues to indicate that relatively cool and/or dry
    conditions over much of the Gulf of Mexico late this weekend into
    early next week will be slow to modify. This will contribute to the maintenance of stable conditions with low convective potential
    across much of the U.S., which otherwise will remain under the
    general influence of split branches of westerlies downstream of a
    strong zonal mid-latitude Pacific jet.

    Deterministic and ensemble output of the medium-range models suggest
    that the predictability of periodic amplification of short wave
    perturbations within this regime remains low. This includes one
    possible amplification indicated by some guidance (including recent
    runs of the ECMWF) across and east of the Mississippi Valley during
    the middle to latter portion of next week. It appears that there
    could be phasing with a belt of westerlies emanating from the
    subtropical eastern Pacific, and this may be accompanied by
    cyclogenesis supportive of organized severe weather potential across
    parts of the Southeast (particularly Florida into southern Mid
    Atlantic coastal areas) next Thursday. However, due to the
    uncertainties associated with low predictability, severe weather
    probabilities remain less than 15 percent at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 12/13/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 14, 2018 09:25:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544775956-22122-5074
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140825
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140824

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CST Fri Dec 14 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe potential will be low across the CONUS through the
    medium-range period.

    Higher PW air mass will be shunted off the Atlantic coast during the
    day3 period ahead of a strong trough that will eject across this
    region. Beyond day3, modified Gulf air mass will struggle to advance
    inland across lower latitudes as several quick-moving short waves
    progress across the US. Late next week, adequate
    moisture/instability may return to portions of the FL Peninsula such
    that the threat for deep convection increases; however, models are
    not in agreement in the large-scale pattern beyond day5 and severe
    probs are not warranted this period.

    ..Darrow.. 12/14/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 15, 2018 09:30:33
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544862685-22122-5391
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150828

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Sat Dec 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern is expected to be negligibly supportive of
    organized convection through the middle of next week. Latest
    medium-range model guidance suggest a strong speed max will dig
    southeast across CA into northern Mexico during the day3 period,
    across TX day4, before ejecting into the Gulf States within a
    broader evolving trough during the latter half of the week. ECMWF is considerably slower with the ejecting trough than the FV3-GFS but
    both agree that a potentially strongly forced front could develop
    over the eastern Gulf basin beyond the day5 period. There is some
    concern that moisture/instability may advance north across the FL
    Peninsula such that strong convection could develop along the
    associated cold front. Given the uncertainty in this progressive
    trough, and the likelihood for substantial convection at low
    latitudes over the open Gulf, will not introduce severe probs to FL
    at this time. However, some severe threat may ultimately develop
    across this region late next week.

    ..Darrow.. 12/15/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 16, 2018 09:36:05
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160835
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 AM CST Sun Dec 16 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range models continue to suggest a very active pattern
    will develop over the CONUS during the upcoming day4-8 time frame.
    One significant mid-level speed max/short-wave trough is forecast to
    eject across TX into the lower MS Valley region Wednesday. This
    feature may induce weak convection near the central Gulf coast day4.
    However, models are in general agreement that a much deeper upper
    trough is forecast to develop over the Gulf States by Thursday with
    substantial height falls expected to 25N latitude which may allow
    for air mass recovery downstream across portions of FL into coastal
    Carolinas by day6. While large-scale pattern is generally agreed
    upon, significant disruptive convection is likely to evolve over the central/eastern Gulf basin prior to the trough's influence over FL.
    Will not introduce 15% severe probs at this time over FL owing to
    some degree of uncertainty regarding buoyancy; although,
    strengthening shear profiles in advance of this strong trough do
    warrant some concern for potential organized severe.

    ..Darrow.. 12/16/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 17, 2018 09:54:11
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 AM CST Mon Dec 17 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Late-evening model guidance continues to suggest a substantial
    deepening of an eastern US trough during the latter half of the
    week. Significant height falls are forecast across the Gulf basin
    Thursday as a strong 500mb speed max rotates into and through the
    base of the trough before translating across the FL Peninsula. As a
    result, high-PW air mass should advance northward ahead of this
    feature and substantial instability appears likely to evolve across
    the southern FL Peninsula prior to a strong cold frontal passage.
    Given that strong shear will overspread this region, organized
    severe convection appears possible, especially if buoyancy can
    return to FL as currently forecast.

    Beyond day4, higher-instability air mass will be shunted offshore
    and the threat for severe convection is minimized.

    ..Darrow.. 12/17/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 18, 2018 09:55:18
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180855
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 AM CST Tue Dec 18 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance continues to suggest a deep upper trough
    will evolve over the eastern US during the day3/4 period which will
    shift into New England later Saturday. There is some concern, given
    the strength of the upper trough, that favorable low-level
    trajectories will allow some moisture/instability to advance into
    southern New England as a strong LLJ establishes itself ahead of the
    trough. ECMWF is a bit more aggressive than the GFS allowing
    destabilization from portions of CT into MA. While thunderstorms may
    ultimately develop across this region destabilization will likely be
    inadequate for organized severe.

    Early next week, there is some indication that significant troughing
    will once again evolve over the southwestern US. If heights lower as
    some models suggest, moisture/instability may begin to advance north
    into TX. Convection may ultimately develop across the southern
    Plains by mid week if this scenario evolves.

    ..Darrow.. 12/18/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 19, 2018 09:33:23
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190833
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190831

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CST Wed Dec 19 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in general agreement through day4 regarding the timing
    and placement of varied short waves as they progress across the
    CONUS. Beyond day4, significant differences evolve, but there is
    some concern that a fairly significant upper trough may materialize
    over the southwestern US by mid week. If this feature does develop
    then substantial moisture/instability could return to TX which could
    lead to organized convection. Will not introduce severe probs for
    this scenario given the low predictability beyond day4.

    ..Darrow.. 12/19/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 20, 2018 09:19:28
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200819
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200818

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CST Thu Dec 20 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    High-PW air mass will be shunted off the Atlantic coast during the
    day2 period. Current medium-range model guidance suggest numerous
    fast-moving short waves will traverse the CONUS such that
    moisture/instability will struggle to return north until Christmas
    day when a significant moisture surge is expected across the western
    Gulf basin into TX. This moisture surge will be induced by a
    significant trough that will progress across the southwestern
    US/southern Rockies region. While models agree broadly that
    destabilization should occur across the southern Plains, timing of
    the ejecting trough may greatly influence potential severe threat
    with this feature. Will not introduce severe probs at this time but
    organized convection may ultimately evolve during the day7/8 time
    frame.

    ..Darrow.. 12/20/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 21, 2018 09:01:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210801
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210759

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CST Fri Dec 21 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A quiescent pattern for severe thunderstorms will continue into
    Monday and Tuesday as a mid-level trough amplifies over the West.
    Cyclogenesis and southerly low-level flow over the southern Great
    Plains will advect increasing moisture northward from the western
    Gulf as a continental-polar airmass modifies over the ArkLaTex.
    Considerable run-to-run variability in the evolution of the trough
    and subsequent development of the surface low, necessitates a predictability-too-low highlight for the latter half of the extended
    period.

    ..Smith.. 12/21/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 22, 2018 09:59:08
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220857

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CST Sat Dec 22 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The medium-range models continue to show a strong mid-level trough
    moving across the Desert Southwest into the central/southern Great
    Plains by Wednesday. The low-latitude evolution of the trough and
    the indications of a still-modifying boundary layer suggest
    widespread clouds and shower/thunderstorm activity will limit the
    magnitude of destabilization. An area of interest for later
    outlooks may center on the Red River Valley/Oklahoma vicinity for
    Wednesday but considerable uncertainty remains regarding severe
    potential. Some potential for severe thunderstorms may
    develop/spread downstream into the MS Valley on Thursday. Model
    spread becomes increasingly large towards the end of the work week
    with indications of another reloading large-scale trough over the
    western states.

    ..Smith.. 12/22/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 23, 2018 09:00:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230800
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230758

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CST Sun Dec 23 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance shows a potent mid-level trough moving
    across portions of the central U.S. on Wednesday and Thursday.
    Thunderstorms will likely focus from the southern Great Plains
    northeast into the Ozarks and parts of the MS Valley. A
    still-modifying, continental-polar airmass in the warm sector will
    favor the development of widespread clouds which will limit
    destabilization. However, strong low- to deep-layer shear and
    forcing will potentially aid thunderstorm organization/development.
    It seems the evolution of the mid-level trough will favor a scenario
    in which the surface cyclone and strongest low-level mass response
    will be somewhat displaced from richer low-level moisture. Given
    this scenario, will highlight Wednesday-Thursday with a
    predictability-too-low. By the end of the week into the weekend,
    considerable model variability exists but it appears a mid-level
    ridge will hold over FL and the Bahama archipelago, with a mean
    trough over the western half of the CONUS.

    ..Smith.. 12/23/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 24, 2018 09:54:51
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    ------------=_1545641694-22122-8435
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0253 AM CST Mon Dec 24 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The potential for organized severe thunderstorms appears
    concentrated at the start of the extended period (Thursday) as a
    mid-level trough over the central Great Plains/lower MO Valley
    weakens and moves into the Upper Midwest. Considerable uncertainty
    on the quality of the pre-frontal airmass is readily apparent. The medium-range models show a large area convective potential from the
    northwest Gulf Coast into the middle MS Valley. For Friday and
    beyond, it seems a positively-tilted, mean large-scale trough may
    continue over the western U.S. as a strong mid-level ridge remains
    over the Bahamas. The lack of strong surface cyclogenesis with an
    adequately moist/unstable warm sector lends a low-potential
    highlight for Friday through Monday.

    ..Smith.. 12/24/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 25, 2018 09:21:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250821
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250819

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Tue Dec 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance continues to indicate a mean mid-level
    trough residing over the western states while a ridge is located
    over the Bahama archipelago for the extended period. The departure
    of a mid-level shortwave trough into the Great Lakes/Northeast on
    Friday lends confidence in a tempered risk for strong thunderstorms
    over the central Gulf Coast states on Friday. Potential for severe
    appears low this weekend given the large-scale pattern. By Monday,
    the latest EC suggests the possibility for a shortwave moving over
    the south-central U.S. and a risk for strong thunderstorms over the
    lower MS Valley. Model predictability is low regarding this
    scenario.

    ..Smith.. 12/25/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 26, 2018 09:15:05
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1545812106-22122-9002
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260814
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260813

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CST Wed Dec 26 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The extended period is characterized with low potential for severe thunderstorms except around Monday. A positively tilted large-scale
    trough over the central and western states will gradually transition
    to a mid-level shortwave ejecting east into the southern Great
    Plains on Monday. A surface low is forecast to develop in the
    vicinity of a residual front and develop northeast from the LA/TX
    border into the lower OH Valley. Moisture return into the central
    Gulf Coast states would potentially lead to a destabilizing warm
    sector and a low-CAPE/high-shear scenario over the lower MS Valley.
    Due to sufficient model variability, will defer the introduction of
    severe probabilities. By Tuesday and into Wednesday, the upper-air
    pattern becomes less favorable for organized severe thunderstorms.

    ..Smith.. 12/26/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 27, 2018 09:02:08
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    ------------=_1545897933-22122-9543
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270802
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270800

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Thu Dec 27 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models, particularly the EC which has performed
    superior to other models during the past several days from a longer
    range forecasting perspective, show a mid-level shortwave trough
    moving into the south-central states on Monday. Moisture return
    into the lower MS Valley ahead of this disturbance will result in destabilization by late Sunday into Monday. Due to timing/spatial
    differences and some uncertainty regarding the magnitude of a
    potential severe risk, will refrain from a spatial highlight at this
    time. For Tuesday and beyond, models indicate low potential for
    severe.

    ..Smith.. 12/27/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 28, 2018 11:00:14
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    ACUS48 KWNS 281000
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280958

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CST Fri Dec 28 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Cyclogenesis and a strong low-level jet will evolve Monday (day 4)
    over the mid MS, TN and OH Valleys in response to a deamplifying, northeast-ejecting shortwave trough. The cyclone will undergo some
    deepening as it develops northeastward, but model differences
    persist regarding the intensity of the low. Nevertheless at least
    partially modified Gulf air will advect northward through the
    pre-frontal warm sector contributing to a narrow corridor of weak
    instability from LA through MS and west TN. Weak lapse rates and
    widespread clouds will serves as limiting factors, and at least a
    shallow near surface stable layer might persist, especially with
    northward extent through the TN Valley. A band of showers and
    thunderstorms will develop along and just ahead of the cold front,
    and this activity will be embedded within wind profiles favorable
    for organized severe storms. While at least low severe probabilities
    will likely be introduced in the next update, too much uncertainty
    still exists regarding the evolution of the thermodynamic
    environment to introduce a 15% or greater risk area at this time.

    By Tuesday (day 5) a marginal risk for severe storms could persist
    early Tuesday over the eastern Carolinas as convection develops
    along a cold front within a low CAPE/High shear environment. At this
    time the thermodynamic environment appears very marginal.

    By day 6 the cold front will be offshore with stable conditions
    inland. For day 7, the stronger forcing and stronger winds aloft
    associated with the next in a series of shortwave troughs will
    likely remain in post frontal region across the southeast states,
    suggesting a continuation of low severe potential.

    ..Dial.. 12/28/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 29, 2018 10:51:50
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290951
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290950

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0350 AM CST Sat Dec 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that by early Monday (Day 4) a surface cyclone
    associated with a deamplifying shortwave trough will be moving off
    the New England coast with trailing cold front extending through the
    eastern Carolinas into the northern Gulf. With deeper forcing
    shifting away from the warm sector and a marginal thermodynamic
    environment, it appears the threat for severe storms along and ahead
    of the front should remain low. The front will likely stall along
    the Gulf coast by (Day 5) Tuesday, and a broad fetch of
    southwesterly winds above the surface will promote isentropic ascent
    and widespread rain and convection in cool sector, where severe
    weather will be unlikely. Model differences increase later day 5
    into day 6 with the ECMWF developing a cyclone along this boundary
    and spreading a warm sector inland, likely due to a more amplified
    upstream upper trough. Ensemble members show increasing spread
    within the 500 mb pattern by day 6, suggesting low predictability.

    ..Dial.. 12/29/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 30, 2018 10:46:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300946
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300944

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CST Sun Dec 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Considerable differences in ensemble members persist regarding the
    evolution of an upper trough forecast to move through the southeast
    U.S. Thursday (day 5). A stalled front will likely reside along or
    just inland of the Gulf coast early Thursday with a broad fetch of southwesterly winds above the surface promoting isentropic ascent
    and widespread rain and convection in cool sector. ECMWF continues
    to develop a cyclone along the front likely due to a more amplified
    upstream shortwave trough. This would result in a marginally
    unstable warm sector spreading inland as the surface low develops northeastward. If this solution transpires, a marginal risk for
    severe storms might be needed in later updates from southeast AL
    into southern GA and northern FL for day 5. For days 6-7 offshore
    flow over much of the Gulf will result in stable conditions inland
    and low severe potential.

    ..Dial.. 12/30/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 31, 2018 10:11:33
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546247495-22122-12056
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    ACUS48 KWNS 310911
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310910

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0310 AM CST Mon Dec 31 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models have trended slower regarding the progression of a southern
    stream upper trough that is now forecast to be situated over the
    southern Plains early Thursday (day 4) before advancing into the
    lower MS and TN Valleys by early Friday. The GFS has also trended
    toward the ECMWF solution. In response to the approaching shortwave
    trough, a weak surface low is forecast to develop along a stalled
    front near the LA coast Thursday morning before lifting northward
    and occluding over the TN Valley later Thursday night. Advection of
    partially modified Gulf air inland south of a northward-moving warm
    front will contribute to some destabilization, but instability will
    remain very marginal due to poor lapse rates and widespread clouds. Nevertheless, a band of low-topped convection may develop along the
    surging cold front inland from the Gulf coast during the day and
    this activity could pose at least a marginal risk for damaging wind
    gusts.

    A marginal threat may continue into early Friday (day 5) across the
    eastern Carolinas. However, given an expected weak thermodynamic
    environment both days 4 and 5, confidence is not high enough to
    support more than a marginal risk category at this time.

    For days 6-8 overall severe potential appears low as a frontal
    intrusion into the Gulf limits moisture return inland.

    ..Dial.. 12/31/2018


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 01, 2019 10:02:39
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546333363-22122-13085
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010902
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0300 AM CST Tue Jan 01 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Mature mid-latitude cyclone is expected to move from its initial
    position over the Ark-La-Tex at the beginning of the period (i.e.
    12Z Friday) northeastward through the TN Valley and off the
    Mid-Atlantic coast by D5/Saturday evening. Warm sector will likely
    exist ahead of this system (and its attendant surface low) across
    the Carolinas on D5/Saturday but warm mid-level temperatures and
    minimal diurnal heating are currently expected preclude enough air
    mass destabilization to support a severe thunderstorms threat.

    Stable conditions are then anticipated throughout the remainder of
    the weekend. Some moisture return appears possible across portions
    of the southern Plains and lower MS Valley on D7/Mon but
    inconsistency within the guidance leads to notable forecast
    uncertainty for early next week.

    ..Mosier.. 01/01/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 02, 2019 10:35:43
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    ------------=_1546421747-22122-13663
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020935
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020934

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CST Wed Jan 02 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mature mid-latitude cyclone will likely be centered over the
    central Appalachians at the beginning of the extended period (12Z
    Saturday). This system will move quickly eastward off the northern
    Mid-Atlantic coast with stable conditions anticipated in its wake
    across the CONUS for D5/Sunday.

    Some moisture return is possible across the southern Plains and
    Lower MS Valley ahead of shortwave trough moving across the
    Southwest on D6/Monday. However, persistent southwesterly flow aloft
    ahead of the shortwave will result in warm mid-level temperatures,
    tempering instability and resulting in largely stable conditions
    through the middle of next week.

    ..Mosier.. 01/02/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 03, 2019 10:35:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546508159-22122-13977
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 030935
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030934

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CST Thu Jan 03 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance is in good agreement that a shortwave trough
    will traverse the CONUS late this weekend through early next week.
    Expectations are for this shortwave to move across the western CONUS
    on D4/Sunday, through the Plains and MS Valley on D5/Monday, and
    across the remainder of eastern CONUS and off the Eastern Seaboard
    on D6/Tuesday. Moisture return is anticipated ahead of this system
    across the Plains, Lower MS Valley, and Southeast but warm
    temperatures aloft will result in thermodynamic profiles
    unsupportive of deep convection. Upper ridge is anticipated in the
    wake of this trough, limiting severe potential through the remainder
    of the extended period.

    ..Mosier.. 01/03/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 04, 2019 10:41:59
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    ------------=_1546594925-22122-14492
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040941
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040940

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0340 AM CST Fri Jan 04 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 to Friday/Day 8...
    The medium-range models forecast a upper-level trough to move
    quickly eastward across the Mississippi Valley on Monday.
    Thunderstorm development could take place across the lower to mid
    Mississippi Valley along a moist corridor where weak instability
    will be possible. The upper-level trough moves quickly eastward into
    the Atlantic by Tuesday. Further west, the models develop an
    upper-level ridge in the Rockies and have a large surface high
    pressure area over the central U.S. The upper-level ridge moves
    eastward across the Great Plains on Wednesday as a cold dry airmass
    prevents moisture return across the CONUS. From Thursday into
    Friday, the surface high moves eastward into the eastern U.S.
    allowing for some moisture return across the Texas Coastal Plain. At mid-levels, the models forecast an upper-level trough to move into
    the Great Plains on Friday. Thunderstorm development could take
    place ahead of the upper-level trough in parts of the southern
    Plains, but instability will probably be too week for a severe
    threat.

    ..Broyles.. 01/04/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 05, 2019 10:43:34
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    ------------=_1546681416-22122-14853
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 050943
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050942

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CST Sat Jan 05 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 8...
    The medium-range models move an upper-level trough across the
    eastern states on Tuesday and Wednesday as an upper-level ridge
    translates eastward into the Great Plains. At the surface, high
    pressure is forecast to dominate across the Great Plains and
    Mississippi Valley, keeping a cold dry airmass in place. This will
    make convective development unlikely except across the Texas Coastal
    Plain where low-level moisture and instability could be enough for
    weak thunderstorms. On Thursday, the models show a west-to-east flow
    pattern across much of the CONUS. An upper-level ridge is forecast
    to develop in the West on Friday, with this feature moving eastward
    into the Rockies on Saturday. Surface high pressure will again
    dominate late in the Day 4 to 8 period across much of the CONUS,
    maintaining a cold and dry airmass. Therefore, the chances for
    thunderstorm activity should remain minimal.

    ..Broyles.. 01/05/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 06, 2019 10:42:11
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    ------------=_1546767848-22122-15174
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 060942
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060940

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0340 AM CST Sun Jan 06 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 to Sunday/Day 8...
    The medium-range models move an upper-level trough across the
    eastern U.S. on Wednesday as an upper-level ridge moves into the
    High Plains. The ridge breaks down on Thursday as a northwest
    mid-level flow pattern becomes established across the eastern half
    of the CONUS. On Friday, an upper-level ridge develops in the
    western states, moving eastward into the Great Plains on Saturday
    and Sunday. At the surface, high pressure is forecast to dominate
    across the eastern half of the CONUS from Wednesday to Friday.
    Thunderstorms will be unlikely during this period due to the cold
    and dry airmass in place. On Saturday, a cold front is forecast to
    move southward across the central U.S. This will reinforce the cold
    and dry airmass on Saturday and Sunday, limiting the thunderstorm
    potential.

    ..Broyles.. 01/06/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 07, 2019 10:38:45
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    ------------=_1546853927-22122-15655
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070938
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070937

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0337 AM CST Mon Jan 07 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 8...
    The medium-range models move an upper-level trough across the
    southern part of the CONUS from Thursday to Sunday. As this system
    moves into the southern Plains on Friday, moisture return is
    forecast to take place along the Texas Coastal Plain. The ECMWF
    keeps moisture return minimal on Friday with a moist airmass
    confined to the lower to middle Texas Coast, where a few
    thunderstorms will be possible. On Saturday, a cold front is
    forecast to move quickly southeastward across the central and
    southern U.S. A cold and dry airmass behind the front will make
    conditions unfavorable for thunderstorm development across most of
    the CONUS from Saturday to Monday.

    ..Broyles.. 01/07/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 08, 2019 10:10:50
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    ------------=_1546938656-22122-16186
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080910
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080909

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0309 AM CST Tue Jan 08 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A series of southern-stream shortwave troughs will move through the
    southern Plains and Southeast States days 4-6, but moisture return
    will not likely be sufficient for a severe weather threat. While
    predictability decreases by day 7-8, in the mean, ensemble members
    indicate a trough will evolve over the eastern U.S. with offshore
    flow over the Gulf, suggesting low severe potential.

    ..Dial.. 01/08/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 09, 2019 10:41:58
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547026920-22122-16614
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090940
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090939

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CST Wed Jan 09 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A series of southern-stream shortwave troughs will move through the
    southern Plains and Southeast States days 4-5 (Saturday and Sunday),
    but it still appears moisture return will be insufficient for a 15%
    or greater severe weather threat. By day 6 a large area of surface
    high pressure is forecast to build through the eastern U.S. with
    offshore flow over the Gulf contributing to stable conditions inland
    through at least day 7 and possibly into day 8.

    ..Dial.. 01/09/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 10, 2019 10:40:02
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547113208-22122-17068
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 100939
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100938

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0338 AM CST Thu Jan 10 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A cold front will move through the remainder of the Southeast States
    including the FL Peninsula day 4 (Sunday), followed by a large area
    of continental polar high pressure building through the eastern half
    of the U.S.. This pattern will contribute to offshore flow over most
    of the Gulf and stable conditions inland through at least Day 7.

    ..Dial.. 01/10/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 11, 2019 10:04:08
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547197449-22122-17455
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 110904
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110902

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0302 AM CST Fri Jan 11 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A large area of high pressure should remain over much of the eastern
    CONUS through the middle of next week. Offshore trajectories will
    likely be maintained over the Gulf of Mexico in response, and severe thunderstorm potential across the CONUS appears low through Day
    6/Wednesday.

    By late next week, some low-level moisture return may occur ahead of
    an upper trough that could move from the western CONUS across the
    Plains while potentially amplifying. Differences in the
    timing/amplitude of this upper trough amongst operational model
    guidance at this extended time range cast uncertainty on the extent
    of possible return flow across parts of TX into the lower/mid MS
    Valley and vicinity. Regardless, some potential for severe
    thunderstorms may eventually develop by Day 8/Friday for portions of
    these regions, but predictability remains too low to include any
    areal highlights at this time.

    ..Gleason.. 01/11/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 12, 2019 10:27:55
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547285277-22122-18186
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 120927
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120926

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0326 AM CST Sat Jan 12 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A large area of high pressure will likely remain over much of the
    eastern CONUS through the middle of next week. Generally offshore
    trajectories will be maintained over the Gulf of Mexico in response
    through at least Day 4/Tuesday, and severe thunderstorm potential
    across the CONUS appears low through Day 6/Thursday.

    By late next week, some low-level moisture return may occur ahead of
    a shortwave trough that is forecast move from the western CONUS
    eastward across the Plains while slowly amplifying. Substantial
    differences remain amongst operational model guidance in the
    timing/amplitude of this upper trough at this extended time range.
    This casts considerable uncertainty on the extent of return flow
    from the Gulf of Mexico across parts of TX into the lower MS Valley
    and Southeast. Although some potential for severe thunderstorms may
    eventually develop by Day 7/Friday into Day 8/Saturday for portions
    of these regions, predictability remains too low to include any
    delineations at this time.

    ..Gleason.. 01/12/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 13, 2019 10:24:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547371457-22122-19945
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 130924
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130922

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0322 AM CST Sun Jan 13 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A progressive upper pattern is expected across the CONUS through the
    extended forecast period. Amplification of an upper trough appears
    probable from Day 5/Thursday into Day 6/Friday as it develops
    eastward across the Plains. Surface lee cyclogenesis will also occur
    ahead of the upper trough over the southern/central Plains in the
    same time frame. Low-level mass response to this deepening surface
    cyclone should encourage northward return of at least partially
    modified Gulf moisture potentially as far west as central/east TX,
    as well as parts of the lower MS Valley and Southeast, from Day
    6/Friday into Day 7/Saturday.

    Primary uncertainty continues to be the timing of the upper trough
    as it develops eastward over the central/eastern CONUS. Greater
    low-level moisture return would occur with a slower eastward
    progression and perhaps some surface-based severe thunderstorm
    potential could be realized within the warm sector. A faster
    eastward movement of the upper trough depicted by some deterministic
    guidance would likely limit any substantial severe threat due to
    weaker instability inland. Overall, predictability in the
    large-scale synoptic pattern remains too low to highlight any areas
    at this time.

    ..Gleason.. 01/13/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 14, 2019 10:38:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140938
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140936

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0336 AM CST Mon Jan 14 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Amplification of an upper trough over the western CONUS will likely
    occur as it ejects eastward over the Plains on Day 5/Friday. Related
    surface low should deepen as it develops eastward from the central
    High Plains to the ArkLaTex/lower MS Valley. At least partially
    modified Gulf moisture appears likely to advance northward across
    parts of central/east TX, the lower MS Valley, and Southeast ahead
    of the surface low from Day 5/Friday into Day 6/Saturday.

    Latest medium-range model guidance is in somewhat better agreement
    on the eastward movement of the upper trough, although some
    timing/amplitude differences remain. The deterministic ECMWF shows a
    slightly deeper and slower upper trough progression over the
    southern Plains, which would potentially support a stronger
    southerly low-level jet and greater low-level moisture return across
    parts of central/east TX into the lower MS Valley Friday night into
    Saturday morning. Convection along/ahead of a cold front would
    probably pose at least some risk for severe weather if this scenario
    were to occur based on the forecast combination of instability and
    shear. However, the GFS and FV3-GFS continue to show a slightly less
    amplified upper trough and weaker surface low moving more quickly east-northeastward through Day 6/Saturday.

    Overall predictability still appears too uncertain to include a 15%
    severe area for Day 5/Friday, but one may be considered in future
    updates across some part of central/east TX into the lower MS Valley
    if model trends depicting a slower/deeper upper trough and greater
    low-level moisture continue. Some lingering severe threat could
    persist into Day 6/Saturday across portions of the Southeast. But,
    instability should become more limited with eastward extent, and
    differences in the placement of the upper trough quickly increase by
    next weekend. Once a surface cold front attendant to the previously
    mentioned low clears the East Coast and FL around Day 7/Sunday, the
    severe threat across the CONUS should be minimal through the end of
    the forecast period.

    ..Gleason.. 01/14/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 15, 2019 10:24:30
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150924
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150923

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0323 AM CST Tue Jan 15 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A potent shortwave trough with an 80-90 kt midlevel speed max will
    move from the Four Corners region into the Southern Plains on
    Friday/D4 as low pressure develops into OK and AR. Southerly
    low-levels winds will allow for 60s F dewpoints as far north as the
    ArkLaTex by Friday evening, resulting in up to 1000 J/kg MUCAPE
    across much of central and eastern TX. Widespread thunderstorm
    activity will occur Friday night into Saturday morning from TX into
    AR and parts of LA as large-scale lift shifts east. Given widespread precipitation and marginal instability, a risk area will not be
    issued at this time. However, at least low severe probabilities are
    possible in later outlooks from TX into southwest AR.

    Low pressure will move from AR into KY on Saturday/D5, with 60s F
    dewpoints ahead of a cold front producing a marginally unstable air
    mass across southern LA, MS, and AL. Again, widespread precipitation
    coupled with weak instability will preclude a risk area at this
    time, but strong wind profiles suggest at least a low-end wind
    threat.

    By the time this system gets to the Mid Atlantic on Sunday/D6,
    little if any instability will be present to support any severe
    weather.

    ..Jewell.. 01/15/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 16, 2019 09:21:36
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160821
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160820

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CST Wed Jan 16 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    As a shortwave trough travels from TX across the southeast on
    Saturday/D4, low pressure will move from AR across OH and TN,
    gradually deepening. A cold front will extend south, moving from the
    Sabine River across LA, MS, and AL during the day, with low 60s F
    dewpoints to the east. Lift with this system, including warm
    advection above a relatively cool boundary layer, will result in
    widespread precipitation along the front and ahead of the low, with thunderstorms interspersed. Instability will be weak, but strong,
    veering winds with height may favor a few wind gusts with some of
    the stronger activity. While isolated severe gusts may occur,
    potential is too low at this time frame to introduce a risk area.

    The upper trough will become more amplified by Sunday/D5 as the low
    travels rapidly northeastward across the Mid Atlantic. By this time, instability will be even less than on the previous day, with only
    low severe weather chances.

    Another upper trough will likely affect central portions of the
    country during the D7-D8 period, but instability will not favor any
    severe threat as the antecedent air mass will be dry.

    ..Jewell.. 01/16/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 17, 2019 09:54:11
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170852

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0252 AM CST Thu Jan 17 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Sunday/D4, an amplified upper trough will quickly eject
    northeastward across the Mid Atlantic, with a surface low deepening
    as it develops into the Canadian Maritimes. Early day thunderstorms
    are possible around the Outer Banks of NC, but instability and
    threat duration will be quite small.

    Dry air with high pressure will build across the middle and eastern
    parts of the CONUS behind this system, and in advance of the next
    shortwave trough which will affect the Southeast on Tue/D6 into
    Wed/D7. This system will have very little moisture to work with in
    terms of instability, and any severe threat along the Gulf Coast
    appears low at this time. A reinforcing surge of dry air will then
    result in low thunderstorm chances across the CONUS through the
    Thu/D8 period.

    ..Jewell.. 01/17/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 18, 2019 10:41:16
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180941
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180939

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0339 AM CST Fri Jan 18 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    As a longwave trough exits the Northeast on Monday/D4, high pressure
    will temporarily keep conditions dry before the next shortwave
    trough digs into the southern Plains and travels across the
    Southeast during the Tuesday/D5 to Wednesday/D6 period. While lift
    and shear will increase with this wave, indications are that
    instability will be even less than with the previous trough, with
    only weak thunderstorms expected across the Gulf Coast on D5-D6, and
    the Mid Atlantic on D6. Beyond this time frame, a large-scale upper
    trough will encompass much of central and eastern North America,
    providing multiple bouts of stable air moving out of Canada. As
    such, no significant severe weather is anticipated through Friday/D8
    and beyond.

    ..Jewell.. 01/18/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 19, 2019 08:05:49
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190705
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190703

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0103 AM CST Sat Jan 19 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Tuesday/D4, a positive-tilt upper trough will stretch from
    northern Mexico into the middle MS Valley with a low pressure trough
    from IL into south TX by late afternoon. While some attempt at
    low-level moisture return will occur, little to no instability will
    develop to support any severe threat.

    As the trough continues eastward on Wednesday/D5, a surface trough
    will focus precipitation across the Gulf Coast and into the Mid
    Atlantic, but only weak instability is forecast to skirt coastal
    regions of the Deep South.

    For the D6-D8 period, an enormous longwave trough is forecast to
    develop over much of eastern North America, with a polar vortex over
    Hudson Bay, or possibly as far south as the Great Lakes. This will
    maintain generally cold and stable conditions over the CONUS.

    ..Jewell.. 01/19/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 20, 2019 09:07:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200807
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200805

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CST Sun Jan 20 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    General thunderstorms are possible across parts of the Southeast on Wednesday/D4 as a positive-tilt upper trough moves east across the
    Lower MS Valley, and a weak cold front moves across AL, GA and FL,
    providing some lift in a weakly unstable environment.

    From Thursday/D5 onward, an expansive upper trough will develop over
    eastern North America, with the upper low centered around James Bay.
    This will maintain cool, offshore flow across the Gulf of Mexico and
    East Coast, with little to any additional chance of thunderstorms.

    Elsewhere, an upper ridge will build over the West, providing drier
    conditions there.

    ..Jewell.. 01/20/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 21, 2019 09:31:00
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Mon Jan 21 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Thursday/D4, a cold front will be located near the East Coast and
    trailing into central Florida, beneath a strong, meridional jet max
    which will quickly move offshore by afternoon. Sufficient
    instability will exist over Florida for a few thunderstorms during
    the day, but lift will decrease over time, and severe weather is not
    expected.

    After this particular disturbance moves offshore, a very large upper
    trough will amplify over eastern North America, with the upper low
    shifting south toward James Bay. The resulting northwest flow regime
    over the Plains will support periodic surges of cold, dry air, in
    turn keeping any significant moisture and instability offshore. As a
    result, little to no thunderstorms are expected across the CONUS
    through the remainder of the outlook period.

    ..Jewell.. 01/21/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 22, 2019 10:13:38
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220913
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220912

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0312 AM CST Tue Jan 22 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An enormous upper trough will remain situated over much of North
    America, providing cool and stable conditions through the D8 period.
    As a result, thunderstorms are unlikely.

    ..Jewell.. 01/22/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 23, 2019 08:06:44
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230706
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230704

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 AM CST Wed Jan 23 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe weather is not expected through the period as a large upper
    trough remains in place across eastern North America. Models
    indicate an upper low will gradually shift southward into Ontario,
    with a mean ridge along the West Coast. This will maintain strong
    northwest flow over the Plains, with surges of high pressure
    maintaining stable and offshore flow over the Gulf of Mexico. A few thunderstorms may affect parts of Deep South TX into FL during the
    D4-D5 period as a shortwave trough rotates around the base of the
    large-scale trough, but activity is expected to be elevated and
    instability will be weak.

    ..Jewell.. 01/23/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 24, 2019 09:41:19
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CST Thu Jan 24 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The weather pattern will continue to feature a large upper trough
    across eastern North America, with the upper low rotating southward
    toward the Great Lakes into the D6-D8 period. This will maintain
    cold and stable northwesterly flow over a good part of the CONUS,
    with little if any threat of thunderstorms.

    ..Jewell.. 01/24/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 25, 2019 09:30:54
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Fri Jan 25 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper troughing is expected to deepen east of the Rockies during the medium-range period. This evolving regime will prevent moistening
    across the southern states as offshore trajectories will become the
    dominant flow. The prospect for significant destabilization
    necessary for organized severe thunderstorms is very low through
    late next week.

    ..Darrow.. 01/25/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 26, 2019 09:39:57
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CST Sat Jan 26 2019

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern appears unfavorable for organized severe
    thunderstorms next week.

    Multiple surges of continental-polar air masses will penetrate
    portions of the United States during the medium-range period.
    Offshore flow will be the predominant low-level trajectory, though
    episodic short-lived return flow events will be noted across the
    southern US. Even so, moisture/instability should remain too
    marginal to warrant a severe risk this period.

    ..Darrow.. 01/26/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 27, 2019 10:00:34
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 AM CST Sun Jan 27 2019

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm threat is minimal during the upcoming
    medium-range period.

    Deep upper low will settle into the Great Lakes region mid week
    before heights begin to rise and Arctic air retreats/modifies
    day7-8. Prior to this, higher-PW air mass will be shunted to low
    latitudes, primarily off the Gulf coast, where it will likely remain
    until early next week. Minimal/negligible instability across the
    Gulf states will negate an organized severe threat this period.

    ..Darrow.. 01/27/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 28, 2019 09:39:38
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548664782-36520-3454
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280839
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280837

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0237 AM CST Mon Jan 28 2019

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Thunderstorm potential will increase across portions of Texas
    Friday.

    Arctic air, associated with a deep upper trough, will begin to shift
    east across the Great Lakes/OH Valley region late in the week. As
    this occurs, higher-PW air mass will begin to advance north across
    south TX into the southern Plains ahead of a southern-stream
    short-wave trough. Models are in general agreement that an upper low
    that approaches the CA coast during the day3 period will dig
    southeast across northern Mexico before approaching deep south TX
    Friday evening. This feature is expected to enhance convective
    potential along a warm front as it lifts toward the coast. Given the
    low latitude of the short wave, there is some concern that deep
    convection may congregate offshore and higher-buoyancy air mass
    could be overturned over the northwestern Gulf. If not, some severe
    threat could materialize within exit region of approaching jet. Will
    not introduce 15% severe probs at this time due to these
    uncertainties.

    Beyond day5, convective threat may increase across portions of the
    southern Plains late next weekend. However, potential buoyancy
    issues, and timing/strength of approaching short-wave trough are too unpredictable to warrant severe probs.

    ..Darrow.. 01/28/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 29, 2019 09:40:38
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290838

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CST Tue Jan 29 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Polar circulation with associated Arctic air should gradually shift
    east across the Midwest/Great Lakes region and modify as large-scale
    pattern becomes more zonal by this weekend. One notable
    southern-stream short-wave trough is expected to enhance moisture
    return across TX during the day4 period but forecast instability
    appears inadequate for organized severe. While this low-latitude
    feature may not produce severe Friday, a more significant trough
    could eject across the Four Corners toward the High Plains during
    the day7-8 time frame. Higher-PW air mass could be in place such
    that deep convection may ultimately materialize. However, there is
    considerable uncertainty among the models regarding the
    timing/location of the trough. For these reasons, in addition to the
    inherent low predictability among models beyond day4, severe probs
    will not be introduced this period.

    ..Darrow.. 01/29/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 30, 2019 09:38:42
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    ------------=_1548837529-36520-5217
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300838
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300837

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0237 AM CST Wed Jan 30 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern is expected to change significantly during the
    medium-range period as Arctic air entrenched across the
    Midwest/Great Lakes region modifies and shifts east. During this
    transition, a notable increase in moisture is expected to advance
    north across the western Gulf basin into the southern Plains during
    the day3 period. There is some indication that modified Gulf air
    mass may advance as far north as western IA Sunday, if ECMWF is
    correct with a strong short-wave trough ejecting into the central
    Plains. In the wake of this short-wave trough, models diverge
    considerably, though general troughing is expected to dominate the
    western US during the day5-8 time frame. With a substantially more
    moist boundary layer expected to reside across the warm sector from
    TX into portions of the mid MS Valley, some severe threat may
    ultimately evolve. However, timing of individual short waves and
    considerable geographic uncertainty among the models necessitates
    low predictability during the day6-8 time frame.

    Otherwise, convective threat should increase across the central Gulf
    coast toward the FL Peninsula this weekend but weak buoyancy should
    limit severe potential across this region.

    ..Darrow.. 01/30/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 31, 2019 09:29:53
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    ACUS48 KWNS 310829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310828

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Thu Jan 31 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in general agreement through the day3 period allowing
    Arctic air associated with a deep upper low to shift east across the Midwest/Great Lakes region into New England where it should slowly
    modify. A more progressive pattern is expected to evolve into the
    middle portions of next week with significantly more upper troughing
    expected in the mean across the western US. One notable short-wave
    trough is forecast to eject across the central Plains into the mid
    MS Valley by the end of the period. While some moisture will return
    ahead of this feature, forecast instability is not expected to be
    adequate for organized severe.

    Beyond day4, considerable variability exists among the models
    regarding multiple ejecting short waves across the southwestern US
    toward the middle of the country. During the day5-6 time frame
    higher-PW air mass will likely return across east TX into the
    western TN Valley. There is some potential for significantly more
    unstable air mass to evolve by mid week that could support organized
    severe convection. Given the uncertainty of aforementioned short
    waves, timing and placement of these features will largely modulate
    organized convection. At this time predictability is too low to
    warrant 15% severe probs; although the pattern appears to be
    evolving such that some severe threat may ultimately materialize.

    ..Darrow.. 01/31/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 01, 2019 10:19:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010919
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010918

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0318 AM CST Fri Feb 01 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models show a low-amplitude shortwave trough moving
    through the central U.S. on Monday (day 4). Relatively limited
    moisture return ahead of this system suggests the organized severe
    thunderstorm potential will be low. A larger-scale trough will
    seemingly develop over the western U.S. on Tuesday before moving
    eastward into the Great Plains Wednesday (day 6) and OH/TN Valleys
    on Thursday (day 7). Considerable model run-to-run variability is
    apparent by mid week but increasing Gulf moisture will likely reside
    ahead of this system in the Mid-South/lower MS Valley.

    ..Smith.. 02/01/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 02, 2019 09:03:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020803
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020802

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 AM CST Sat Feb 02 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The pattern over the Lower 48 states will become more active for
    thunderstorms and severe potential during the Wednesday-Thursday
    (days 5-6) period as a potent mid-level trough moves from the
    western U.S. into the Great Plains/MS Valley. Medium-range models
    continue to show significant run-to-run variability so ascertaining
    where a potential area of interest for severe remains difficult.
    However, it seems likely surface cyclogenesis will occur in the
    central Great Plains with subsequent surface low development
    probably east-northeastward into the middle MS Valley/lower OH
    Valley on Thursday (day 6). As such, strong storm development may
    occur from northeast TX/eastern half of OK into the ArkLaTex/Ozark
    Plateau and farther east into the MS Valley and possibly the lower
    OH Valley. Details concerning intensity/coverage of stronger storms
    remain nebulous at this time given the model variability.

    ..Smith.. 02/02/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 03, 2019 10:15:14
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030915
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030913

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0313 AM CST Sun Feb 03 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance continues to focus severe thunderstorm
    potential during the early part of the extended period. The EC has
    exhibited multiple run-to-run continuity during the past few days in
    the projected evolution of a positive-tilt mid-level trough moving
    from the Interior West through the central U.S. and more recently,
    the operational GFS has followed suit. Uncertainty remains
    regarding moisture/buoyancy profiles over parts of the southern
    Plains states on Wednesday and subsequently in areas downstream over
    the Ozark Plateau and MS Valley. In summary, will continue to
    highlight predictability too low for Wednesday-Thursday (days 4-5).
    Potential for organized severe thunderstorms likely becomes
    negligible by next weekend with offshore low-level flow into the
    Gulf.

    ..Smith.. 02/03/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 04, 2019 09:41:49
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040841
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040840

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CST Mon Feb 04 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm potential will likely focus entirely on Thursday
    (day 4) during the entire extended period. A mid-level trough over
    the central U.S. will move east through the MS Valley with a
    moist/warm sector located from the lower OH Valley south through the
    Mid South. Uncertainty due in part to convective evolution leading
    into Thursday from overnight Wednesday thunderstorms and remaining
    questions concerning boundary-layer destabilization preclude a
    15-percent highlight. Thereafter, surface high pressure located
    over the MS Valley and offshore flow over the northern Gulf Basin in
    wake of a cold front will reduce severe thunderstorm potential for
    the foreseeable future (i.e., next weekend).

    ..Smith.. 02/04/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 05, 2019 10:26:56
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050926
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050925

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 AM CST Tue Feb 05 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A cold front will shift off the East Coast on Day 4/Friday, and
    stable conditions are expected across the CONUS through at least the
    upcoming weekend. Some low-level moisture return from the Gulf of
    Mexico appears possible beginning on Day 7/Monday and continuing
    into Day 8/Tuesday across parts of the lower MS Valley and Southeast
    ahead of an eastward-moving upper trough. However, far too much
    uncertainty exists regarding the amplitude and placement of this
    trough and related surface features to warrant any areas at this
    extended time frame.

    ..Gleason.. 02/05/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 06, 2019 10:34:03
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060933
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060932

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0332 AM CST Wed Feb 06 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Expansive surface high pressure over the central/eastern CONUS
    should promote offshore low-level trajectories on Day 4/Saturday,
    with negligible severe thunderstorm potential across the CONUS
    through the upcoming weekend. By Day 6/Monday, an upper trough
    should move from the western states to the Plains, with some
    low-level moisture return possible across parts of TX into the lower
    MS Valley and Southeast. Weak instability may develop across these
    regions within the slowly modifying warm sector beginning on Day
    6/Monday and continuing through Day 7/Tuesday as this upper trough
    moves eastward across the central/eastern CONUS. Regardless,
    considerable uncertainty exists regarding the timing/placement of
    this upper trough at this extended time frame, with predictability
    remaining too low to highlight any areas.

    ..Gleason.. 02/06/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 07, 2019 10:30:12
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070930
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070928

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0328 AM CST Thu Feb 07 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper trough/low over the western states on Day 4/Sunday should
    progress eastward to the Plains by Day 5/Monday. Lee cyclogenesis is
    likely across the central High Plains ahead of this feature. A
    partially modified Gulf airmass may develop northward from parts of
    east TX into the lower/mid MS Valley, TN Valley, and Southeast from
    Day 5/Monday into Day 6/Tuesday as the surface low develops
    northeastward towards the Upper Midwest. Depending on the timing and
    amplitude of the upper trough ejection and related strength of the
    surface low, there may be some potential for severe thunderstorms
    across portions of these regions on Day 5/Monday and/or Day
    6/Tuesday. However, instability is still forecast to be weak, and
    the lack of even greater low-level moisture may act to limit the
    overall severe threat. Given these uncertainties, will not include
    any 15% probability areas at this time.

    ..Gleason.. 02/07/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 08, 2019 10:21:18
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549617681-5828-1987
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080921
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080919

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0319 AM CST Fri Feb 08 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4...
    The medium range models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian
    move an upper-level trough eastward across the Rockies into the High
    Plains on Monday. The models are forecasting moisture return to take
    place to varying degrees across the lower to mid Mississippi Valley
    on Monday. Thunderstorm development will be possible along a belt of
    strong low-level flow during the day from east Texas into Arkansas
    where a severe threat can not be ruled out. However, uncertainty is considerable concerning the timing of the system and how much
    moisture return will take place. For this reason, will maintain
    predictability too low for Monday.

    ...Tuesday/Day 5...
    On Tuesday, the models are in fairly good agreement, moving an
    upper-level low into the upper Mississippi Valley. A strong
    mid-level jet is forecast to move across the Ohio Valley as a cold
    front advances quickly eastward into the eastern U.S. A severe
    threat would be possible along or ahead of parts of the front if
    moisture return is strong enough. However, the ECMWF keeps the
    better quality moisture further to the east suggesting that
    convection near the front could struggle due to weak instability.
    Because of the uncertainty concerning instability, will go
    predictability too low for Tuesday.

    ...Wednesday/Day 6 to Friday/Day 8...
    Model solutions diverge at the mid-levels on Wednesday but are
    similar at the surface, driving a cold front into the Gulf of
    Mexico. A marginal severe threat would be possible near the front
    across the Florida Peninsula. On Thursday and Friday, model spread
    concerning the 500 mb pattern is considerable. The ECMWF brings an
    upper-level trough across the south-central U.S. and is more
    aggressive concerning moisture return into the Southeast. This
    solution suggests a severe threat would be possible on Thursday and
    Thursday night across parts of the Southeast. But other solutions
    are quite different. Due to uncertainty, will go predictability too
    low from Wednesday to Friday.

    ..Broyles.. 02/08/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 09, 2019 09:26:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549700816-5828-2621
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090826
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090825

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Sat Feb 09 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4...
    The medium range models begin the Day 4 to 8 period with an
    upper-level trough over the central U.S. and move this system
    northeastward into the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley on Tuesday. At
    the surface, a front is forecast to move quickly eastward from the
    Mississippi Valley to the East Coast on Tuesday. Although convection
    will be possible along and ahead of the front, model forecasts
    suggest that low-level moisture and instability will be minimal
    across the Southeast and in the Carolinas. Instability may be
    greater across the Florida Peninsula but this area may be too far
    south of the main system for a substantial severe threat.

    ...Wednesday/Day 5 to Saturday/Day 8...
    Surface high pressure is forecast to be dominant across the
    southeastern third of the U.S. making thunderstorm development
    unlikely across the CONUS on Wednesday. On Thursday, an upper-level
    trough is forecast to move into the southern Rockies as a strong
    mid-level jet overspreads the southern Plains. The ECMWF continues
    to advect low-level moisture northward into the Arklatex region on
    Thursday where isolated severe thunderstorm development will be
    possible continuing into the overnight period. The ECMWF is slower
    to move the system eastward than the GFS which suggests a severe
    threat would be possible across parts of the Southeast on Friday.
    Differences in the models concerning the system speed introduce a
    lot of uncertainty. The convective threat could be minimal on
    Saturday due to surface high pressure becoming dominant once again
    from the Great Plains to the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys.

    ..Broyles.. 02/09/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 10, 2019 09:37:02
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 100836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100835

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CST Sun Feb 10 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4...
    The medium range models including the ECMWF, GFS, Canadian and
    UKMET, have a west to northwest mid-level flow pattern in place
    across the central and eastern states on Wednesday. Surface high
    pressure is forecast to be dominant across the southeastern third of
    the U.S. The dry airmass will likely be unfavorable for
    thunderstorms across most of the U.S on Wednesday.

    ...Thursday/Day 5 to Friday/Day 6...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward into the Rockies
    on Thursday and into the lower to mid Mississippi Valley on Friday. Thunderstorm development will be possible along and ahead of a cold
    front that is forecast to move from the central states on Thursday
    into the Southeast by Friday. Weak instability ahead of the front
    may be enough for a marginal severe threat. At this point, the
    threat appears too minimal to add a severe threat area.

    ...Saturday/Day 7 and Sunday/Day 8...
    The cold front is forecast to move into the western Atlantic on
    Saturday as surface high pressure moves in the central states. On
    Sunday, the high is forecast to move into the eastern states. This
    dry airmass will likely minimize the chance for thunderstorm
    development from Saturday into Sunday.

    ..Broyles.. 02/10/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 11, 2019 09:32:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110832
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110831

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CST Mon Feb 11 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Saturday/Day 6...
    The medium range models move an upper-level trough across the CONUS
    from Thursday to Saturday. The trough is forecast to become more
    amplified through the mid to late week. Ahead of the system,
    moisture advection is forecast to take place from the Texas Coastal
    Plains eastward across the central Gulf Coast States. As a front
    moves from west to east across the Southeast on Thursday and Friday,
    isolated thunderstorms will be possible along and ahead of the
    front. Weak instability across the moist sector should minimize any
    severe convective threat. This potential should end on Saturday as
    the cold front moves away from the Eastern Seaboard.

    ...Sunday/Day 7 and Monday/Day 8...
    On Sunday, the models show a strong southern stream across the
    southern third of the nation with surface high pressure located from
    the central U.S. into the Southeast. In response, moisture return is
    expected to remain weak on Sunday limiting thunderstorm potential.
    Both the ECMWF and GFS develop an upper-level trough in the Great
    Plains on Monday and increase low-level moisture across the
    Southeast. If enough instability can develop, then a marginal severe
    threat would be possible on Monday from the lower Mississippi Valley
    into the central Gulf Coast region.

    ..Broyles.. 02/11/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 12, 2019 09:15:10
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120815
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120813

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CST Tue Feb 12 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 to Sunday/Day 6...
    The medium range models are in good agreement on Friday, showing a
    zonal mid-level flow pattern across the southern tier of the U.S. At
    the surface, cold and dry high pressure is forecast to be in place
    across parts of the central and eastern states. On Saturday, the
    models move a strong mid-level jet across the southern states as
    mid-level flow becomes westerly to southwesterly in the Southeast.
    This coincides with moisture advection across the Gulf Coast states.
    Although isolated thunderstorms may develop along parts of the Gulf
    Coast on Saturday, no severe threat is expected due to weak
    instability. On Sunday, the models move a cold front into the
    western Gulf of Mexico. A cold and dry airmass behind the front will
    make thunderstorm development unlikely across most of the CONUS,
    with the exception being across Florida and Georgia where a few
    storms will be possible. No severe threat is expected again due to
    weak instability.

    ...Monday/Day 7 to Tuesday/Day 8...
    On Monday, the models develop an upper-level trough over the western
    U.S. with west to southwest mid-level flow in the south-central and southeastern states. The upper-level trough is forecast to move into
    the Great Plains on Tuesday. Ahead of this system, some moisture
    advection should take place in the Southeast where thunderstorm
    development will be possible on Tuesday. A severe threat can not be
    ruled out on Tuesday but uncertainty at this range in the forecast
    period is substantial.

    ..Broyles.. 02/12/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 13, 2019 09:59:50
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    ------------=_1550048394-5828-6664
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 AM CST Wed Feb 13 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 6...
    On Saturday, the medium range models have an upper-level trough in
    the western U.S. with west to southwest mid-level flow across the
    south-central and southeastern states. At the surface, a moist
    airmass is forecast across the Gulf Coast States. A few
    thunderstorms will be possible across this region on Saturday but
    weak instability should minimize any severe threat. The same
    situation appears likely for Sunday with a moist airmass and
    westerly to southwesterly mid-level flow over the Southeast. Again,
    any severe threat will likely be minimized due to a lack of
    instability. On Monday, the ECMWF moves a cold front southeastward
    to the central Gulf Coast. Thunderstorm activity will be possible
    along the front. Although the ECMWF shows enough instability for an
    isolated severe threat, other solutions such as the GFS keep
    instability very weak. This introduces uncertainty into Monday's
    forecast.

    ...Tuesday/Day 7 and Wednesday/Day 8...
    On Tuesday, the medium range models move an upper-level trough
    across the Rockies although the solutions do so at different timing
    intervals. Southwest mid-level flow is still forecast across the
    south-central and southeastern states for Tuesday and Wednesday
    where thunderstorms will be possible both days. An isolated severe
    threat would be possible if more instability is realized than is
    currently forecast. For this reason, will go predictability too low
    for Tuesday and Wednesday.

    ..Broyles.. 02/13/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 14, 2019 10:03:25
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140903
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140902

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0302 AM CST Thu Feb 14 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 to Monday/Day 5...
    Westerly to southwesterly mid-level flow is forecast on Sunday
    across much of the southern U.S as an upper-level trough moves
    across the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. A moist airmass is
    forecast across parts of the Southeast where a few thunderstorms
    will be possible. On Monday, the medium-range models move a cold
    front southward to the central Gulf Coast. Isolated thunderstorms
    will be possible along and south of the front. No severe threat is
    expected on Sunday and Monday due to weak instability.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 to Thursday/Day 8...
    Both the ECMWF and GFS solutions develop an upper-level trough over
    the western states but maintain southwesterly mid-level flow over
    the south-central and southeastern states. Both solutions suggest
    that thunderstorms will be possible in the Gulf Coast States on
    Tuesday as moisture advection and instability increase across the
    region. The ECMWF is the more aggressive solution concerning
    instability. If this solution verifies, then a severe threat would
    be possible across parts of the Southeast Tuesday afternoon. The
    potential for severe storms is forecast to continue on Wednesday and
    Thursday as both the ECMWF and GFS show instability in place across
    parts of Alabama, Georgia and northern Florida. Although the models
    show some agreement, substantial uncertainty exists at this range in
    the forecast period. For this reason, will go predictability too low
    from Tuesday through Thursday.

    ..Broyles.. 02/14/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 15, 2019 10:33:07
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    ------------=_1550223189-5828-8421
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150932
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150931

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0331 AM CST Fri Feb 15 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance indicates that generally cold and stable
    conditions will prevail across much of the U.S., to the north and
    west of a low-level frontal zone becoming quasi-stationary across
    much of the Gulf Coast through south Atlantic Coast states by early
    next week. Mostly above the shallower southern fringes of the cold surface-based air, a southerly return flow of warm, moist air may
    contribute to weak destabilization and periodic thunderstorm
    development, in addition to a gradual south to north erosion of the
    cold air through the middle to latter portions of next week.
    However, with any surface frontal wave development forecast to
    remain generally weak through the balance of the period, the
    potential for severe weather currently appears limited.

    ..Kerr.. 02/15/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 16, 2019 10:44:09
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160944
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160942

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CST Sat Feb 16 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to indicate that a fairly significant
    short wave impulse, emerging from larger-scale western U.S. upper
    troughing, will accelerate northeast of the southern Rockies next
    Tuesday, before continuing around the periphery of downstream
    mid-level ridging, across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region
    into the Northeast during the middle to latter portion of next week.
    This appears likely to be accompanied by considerable strengthening
    of southerly low-level flow (including 40-50+ kt at 850 mb) above
    cold surface ridging initially encompassing much of the nation east
    of the Rockies.

    Guidance is suggestive that associated warming and moistening will
    contribute to the erosion of the cold surface-based air, and the
    development of a surface trough within which a weak surface low may
    track across the lower Mississippi toward lower Ohio Valley by late
    Tuesday into Wednesday. This may also be accompanied by a narrow
    corridor of boundary-layer destabilization across parts of
    southeastern Louisiana and Mississippi, which could contribute to an environment potentially conducive to organized severe storm
    development, including supercells. However, based largely on the
    general weakness of the forecast surface wave, it still appears most
    probable that any associated severe weather risk will remain mostly
    marginal in nature, at least in terms of storm coverage.

    Thereafter, model spread concerning the pattern evolution increases
    into next weekend. However, guidance suggests some possibility that
    another vigorous impulse, emerging from the larger-scale western
    U.S. upper troughing, may support significant surface cyclogenesis
    to the lee of the southern Rockies, accompanied by increasing
    convective potential as early as next Saturday.

    ..Kerr.. 02/16/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 17, 2019 10:49:47
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170949
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170948

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CST Sun Feb 17 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Blocking appears likely to remain prominent within the mid-latitude
    westerlies across the northeastern Pacific through this period.
    Downstream, models currently suggest that flow may transition to a
    broadly confluent regime across the Pacific coast, Rockies and
    Plains, and less amplified across the southern tier of the U.S. by
    late next weekend. As this takes place, it appears that one more
    vigorous short wave impulse will accelerate east-northeastward out
    of the Four Corners states. Models suggest that there may be
    sufficient preceding modification of the low-level environment to
    the lee of the southern Rockies to allow for significant
    cyclogenesis to ensue, from the central/southern Plains through the
    lower Great Lakes region, during the course of next weekend.

    Current model depictions are suggestive that this could be
    accompanied by at least some organized severe weather potential.
    However the spread among the various models, and within their
    respective ensemble output, concerning this evolving system becomes
    substantial due to the extended time range, among other potential
    factors. This contributes to sizable lingering uncertainties that
    result in the maintenance of severe probabilities at less than 15
    percent.

    ..Kerr.. 02/17/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 18, 2019 10:57:51
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180957
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180956

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CST Mon Feb 18 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models continue to indicate that blocking will remain prominent
    within the mid-latitude westerlies across the northeastern Pacific
    through this period. Downstream, it appears that flow may
    transition to a broadly confluent regime across the Pacific coast,
    Rockies, and Plains, and a less amplified regime in general across
    the southern tier of the U.S., by late next weekend into early next
    week. As this takes place, one more vigorous short wave impulse is
    forecast accelerate east-northeastward out of the Southwest.

    There appears increasing consensus, within and among the various
    model output, that this feature will provide support for strong
    surface cyclogenesis to the lee of the southern Rockies by this
    weekend. Guidance generally indicates that the cyclone center will
    rapidly migrate from the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandle region into the
    Great Lakes on Saturday. This probably will include intensifying
    lower/mid tropospheric flow (to 50-70 kt in the 850-500 mb layer)
    across an evolving warm sector boundary layer that will become at
    least weakly unstable, across lower portions of the southern Plains
    through the mid to lower Mississippi Valley region. This
    environment may become conducive to the evolution of an organized
    mesoscale convective system, and perhaps discrete supercell
    development ahead of it, accompanied by the risk for damaging wind
    gusts and tornadoes.

    It remains unclear whether destabilization eastward and
    southeastward, toward the Mid Atlantic and Southeast, on Sunday will
    remain sufficient to support an appreciable continuing severe
    weather threat.

    ..Kerr.. 02/18/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 19, 2019 10:58:57
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    ------------=_1550570343-5828-11798
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190958
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190957

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CST Tue Feb 19 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models suggest that blocking will become more prominent
    at a higher latitude of the northeastern Pacific this coming weekend
    through early next week. As this occurs, split downstream
    westerlies will generally converge inland of the Pacific coast, with
    the southern mid-latitude and subtropical westerlies generally
    decreasing in amplitude across the southern tier of the United
    States.

    Prior to this transition, at least one more vigorous short wave
    impulse is forecast to emerge from persistent larger-scale western
    U.S. troughing late this week, as a significant upstream
    perturbation digs into the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Latest model
    output remains similar to prior runs indicating that the lead
    impulse will support strong cyclogenesis to the lee of the Rockies,
    likely from the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandle vicinity through the Great
    Lakes on Saturday. It still appears probable that there will be
    sufficient boundary layer moisture return across the evolving warm
    sector to contribute to weak to modest destabilization in the
    presence of intensifying wind fields (including 50-70+ kt in the
    850-500 mb layer), from portions of the lower southern Plains and
    Ozark Plateau through portions of the lower Mississippi and Ohio
    Valleys. Forcing for ascent may support the evolution of a
    mesoscale convective system capable of producing damaging wind
    gusts. This could be preceded by discrete supercell development and
    an associated risk for tornadoes.

    Although more uncertain, it is possible that severe weather
    potential could continue eastward into portions of the Allegheny and
    Cumberland Plateaus by late Saturday night. Uncertainty concerning
    this potential increases further for Sunday, eastward and
    southeastward across the Mid Atlantic and Southeast.

    ..Kerr.. 02/19/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 20, 2019 10:59:39
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550656781-5828-12516
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200959
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200958

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CST Wed Feb 20 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model output continues to indicate strong cyclogenesis
    will commence across the southern Plains by 12Z Saturday, before
    continuing northeastward through the Great Lakes region by 12Z
    Sunday. Guidance indicates that the rapid evolution of a broad and
    deep cyclone is likely, aided by a vigorous short wave impulse
    emerging from the Southwest. It appears that this will be
    accompanied by an intensifying cyclonic mid-level jet, including in
    excess of 100 kt at 500 mb by midday Saturday across the southern
    Plains Red River Valley, and 50-80+ kt south/southwesterly 850-700
    mb flow across the destabilizing warm sector. This environment may
    become conducive to the evolution of a significant organized
    mesoscale convective system, potentially accompanied by considerable
    damaging wind gusts.

    Highest severe probabilities appear focused in a swath across parts
    of the Ozark Plateau and lower Mississippi Valley into the Tennessee
    and lower Ohio Valleys. A warm front may initially be located along
    a corridor near or just south of the Ohio River, west southwestward
    into northwestern Arkansas, near the northern periphery of the
    currently depicted 15 percent severe probabilities. While the
    influence of current snow and ice cover near and northwest of this
    region remains uncertain, this boundary may ultimately remain the
    focus for the track of the northern flank of an evolving squall
    line. However, based on the track of the low, aided by strong
    dynamic forcing, destabilization supportive of severe thunderstorm
    potential could develop northward into southern portions of the
    Great Lakes region Saturday night.

    The southern edge of the 15 percent probabilities is based on the
    model consensus of the southern periphery of the deeper surface
    cyclone. The southern flank of an evolving squall line may extend
    this far south, where boundary-layer moistening and destabilization
    will likely be most favorable. This environment may also support
    discrete supercell development in advance of the squall line. In
    addition to the risk for damaging convective gusts, there appears
    potential for tornadoes, including some strong.

    ..Kerr.. 02/20/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 21, 2019 10:54:43
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210954
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210953

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CST Thu Feb 21 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The center of a broad and deep cyclone may begin to weaken while
    migrating north of the Great Lakes region on Sunday, but models
    suggest that significant secondary cyclogenesis is possible from the
    vicinity of the New England coast through the Canadian Maritimes.
    Ahead of a trailing cold front, which is expected to advance east of
    the Appalachians, and across the mid and south Atlantic Seaboard,
    models suggest that low-level moistening may support sufficient
    destabilization to support one or more narrow lines of low-topped
    convection, particularly across the Carolinas and Georgia. However,
    the extent to which thermodynamic profiles remain conducive to
    lightning on Sunday is still unclear. While severe thunderstorm
    potential seems low, given the forecast strength of the
    environmental wind fields (likely including 40-70 kt in the 850-700
    mb layer), downward transport of momentum may result in localized
    potentially damaging wind gusts even in showers.

    Otherwise, medium-range models indicate that a blocking upper high
    will evolve across the Gulf of Alaska into the Alaska/Yukon
    vicinity, and remain prominent through this period. This will
    generally maintain broadly confluent flow downstream, inland of the
    Pacific coast, though there may be some building of southern stream
    ridging along the Pacific coast by late week, and downstream trough amplification across the lower Rio Grande Valley. At the same time,
    the northern stream may remain broadly cyclonic across the Canadian
    Prairies through the Upper Midwest and Northeast. This regime
    appears likely to maintain cold surface ridging from the lee of the
    Rockies across and east of the Mississippi Valley through much of
    the period, contributing to the maintenance of low severe weather
    potential.

    ..Kerr.. 02/21/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 22, 2019 09:33:20
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    ------------=_1550824402-1983-3343
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220833
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220831

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are in general agreement that west-northwesterly large-scale
    pattern will evolve across the CONUS during the upcoming
    medium-range period. While weak buoyancy may develop across the
    coastal Plains of TX during the middle of the week, overall,
    seasonally cold surface anticyclones will dominate the country
    suppressing moisture/instability to very low latitudes.

    ..Darrow.. 02/22/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 23, 2019 09:25:26
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230825
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230823

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CST Sat Feb 23 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern will become decidedly less amplified during the medium-range period, though several notable short-wave troughs will
    traverse the CONUS. In the mean, ridging will be anchored over the
    Rockies which will favor multiple frontal intrusions across the
    country east of the Rockies. As a result, moisture/instability will
    struggle to advance inland and the prospects for organized deep
    convection will remain low this period.

    ..Darrow.. 02/23/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 24, 2019 09:41:03
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240840
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240839

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CST Sun Feb 24 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale flow should become more zonal by mid week with several
    potentially significant disturbances expected to progress across
    lower latitudes. Modified Gulf air mass should begin to advance
    inland during the day3 period and become more established across the
    Gulf States from east TX to SC during the day4-6 time frame.
    Northern extent should be at least I20 corridor, possibly a bit
    farther north depending on the amplification of each individual
    short wave. Latest guidance suggest convective threat will increase
    markedly across the Gulf States mid-late week and buoyancy may
    increase such that strong-severe organized thunderstorms are
    possible. Timing of individual short waves will be problematic
    beyond the day3 time period but there is some indication that one
    feature may influence organized convection across east TX/LA day4,
    eastern Gulf States day5, and perhaps a more widespread convective
    event by day6. Too much uncertainty exists at this time regarding
    the timing/placement of individual features to warrant an outlook.
    However, increasing moisture/instability across the southern US
    should ultimately contribute to a more convectively active
    medium-range period.

    ..Darrow.. 02/24/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 25, 2019 09:29:38
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250828

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Mon Feb 25 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance continues to suggest a fairly active
    flow regime across the CONUS. Multiple short waves are forecast to
    track across the southern US but negligible height changes are
    expected in association with these features. Modified Gulf air mass
    will advance inland from the coastal Plain of TX to SC which should
    contribute to buoyancy necessary for convective development ahead of
    each disturbance. While forecast shear will be moderate-strong at
    times, modest lapse rates and mostly marginal instability do not
    look particularly favorable for organized severe thunderstorms
    meeting 15% severe criteria. Additionally, timing of each short wave
    will prove difficult beyond the day3 period. While robust
    convection, and perhaps even some isolated severe, may develop
    during the medium-range period, predictability is a bit too low to
    warrant an outlook.

    ..Darrow.. 02/25/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 26, 2019 09:31:16
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    ------------=_1551169881-1983-7613
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260831
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Tue Feb 26 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern is forecast to favor multiple arctic surges into
    the CONUS during the medium-range period. With time, modified Gulf
    air mass that advances inland should be forced offshore along with
    any appreciable buoyancy. Prior to these southern frontal
    penetrations, some convective risk will be noted across a warm
    sector characterized by weak instability and seasonally strong
    deep-layer shear. However, it's not entirely clear whether storms
    that form along these arctic frontal boundaries will prove robust
    enough to warrant more than very low severe probs.

    ..Darrow.. 02/26/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 27, 2019 09:29:23
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    ------------=_1551256168-1983-8192
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270827

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CST Wed Feb 27 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance is in general agreement that a dominant
    anticyclone with arctic air will surge south across the Plains/MS
    Valley during the day4 period reaching the Atlantic/Gulf Coasts by Sunday/Monday. ECWMF and GFS handle the frontal zone a bit
    differently with the ECMWF a bit slower and with more cyclogenesis
    over the lower MS/TN Valley region Sunday than the GFS. Modified
    Gulf air mass will likely reside across the warm sector across the
    Gulf States into the TN Valley; however, any convection that
    develops will likely be undercut by the strong arctic front and
    increasing the likelihood that updrafts will be elevated in nature.
    For these reasons it appears organized severe threat is too low to
    warrant 15% severe probs this period.

    ..Darrow.. 02/27/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 28, 2019 09:31:01
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    ------------=_1551342663-1983-8718
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Thu Feb 28 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ECMWF has been the most consistent model generating a surface low
    over the Arklatex immediately ahead of a surging arctic front. This
    feature will be induced by a pronounced mid-level short-wave trough
    that is forecast to translate across the lower MS Valley through the
    Mid-South by Sunday evening. Latest guidance suggests higher-PW air
    mass should advance to near the TN border ahead of the surface wave
    which should allow a broad warm sector to materialize prior to
    frontal passage. It appears strong-severe organized convection could
    develop ahead of the short wave as strong shear and adequate
    buoyancy will be in place prior to convective development.

    Beyond day4, severe potential will be low into the middle of next
    week as moisture/instability are shunted well offshore.

    ..Darrow.. 02/28/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 01, 2019 10:29:10
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    ------------=_1551432554-1983-9156
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010929
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010927

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0327 AM CST Fri Mar 01 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in decent large-scale agreement through Day
    6/Wednesday 3-6, with gradual amplification of the upper flow
    pattern into one featuring an eastern U.S. trough and a ridge over
    the Rockies by Day 5. After Day 6, differences emerge amongst the
    models -- primarily with respect to evolution of a trough off the
    West Coast, and some possible/piecemeal eastward ejection of
    perturbations that may begin breaking down the Rockies ridge.

    Severe weather is not expected Days 4-6, with cold continental polar
    air to remain entrenched east of the Rockies. While the departing
    cold front will linger over Florida Day 4/Monday as it slowly
    progresses southward across the Peninsula, little support for
    organized convection is evident.

    ..Goss.. 03/01/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 02, 2019 10:35:17
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    ------------=_1551519324-1983-9758
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020935
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020933

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0333 AM CST Sat Mar 02 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Decent model agreement exists through roughly Day 5, before
    consistency begins to break down as pieces of an eastern Pacific
    upper trough begin ejecting eastward across the Rockies and into the
    central U.S. through the second half of the period.

    Until then, severe weather is not expected, as the eastern U.S.
    upper trough moves slowly eastward allowing the upper flow field to
    relax across the central and western states. With a cold high
    pressure to linger over the eastern half of the U.S. and Gulf of
    Mexico into at least Day 6, stable air precludes severe weather
    potential.

    ..Goss.. 03/02/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 03, 2019 10:58:51
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    ------------=_1551607134-1983-10395
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030958
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030957

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0357 AM CST Sun Mar 03 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models appear to be in reasonable agreement into the
    Day 6 period (Friday 3-8), depicting the large eastern U.S. trough
    gradually vacating northeastward into the Canadian Maritimes/western
    Atlantic. Meanwhile, a fairly pronounced trough is progged to dig southeastward across the eastern Pacific and begin shifting inland
    late Day 5, and then continuing on eastward across the Rockies
    during the Day 6 period.

    Differences in the models become increasingly evident with time
    however, starting Day 6 and then continuing into Day 7, with respect
    to intensity and speed of advance of this feature. As the trough
    crosses the Rockies, an associated surface low is progged to emerge
    into the Plains, with low-level theta-e advection of an at least
    partially modified Gulf airmass to commence.

    Overall, expect convective -- and possibly some severe -- potential
    to increase by late this week (perhaps Friday Day 6 and then
    Saturday Day 7 over the southern Plains region, and then possibly
    day 8 near/east of the Mississippi River). At this time however,
    model differences are large enough, and thus confidence in
    predictability of the pattern low enough, such that no risk areas
    will be highlighted at this time.

    ..Goss.. 03/03/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 04, 2019 10:54:00
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1551693243-1983-11717
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040953
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040952

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0352 AM CST Mon Mar 04 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Reasonable agreement between the GFS and ECMWF exists only into the
    Day 5 (Friday 3-8) period at this time, with a weak perturbation
    embedded in fairly zonal flow at the start of the period expected to
    move across the Plains/Midwest/Ohio Valley Days 4-5. This feature
    will be followed by a much more significant trough, expected to move
    inland from the eastern Pacific by late in the Day 4 period, and
    then across the Rockies Day 5.

    Surface low pressure shifting across the Rockies Day 5, in
    conjunction with the upper trough, is progged to deepen in lee of
    the Front Range by the start of the Day 6 period (Saturday 3-9). At
    this point, the models begin to diverge substantially in terms of
    solutions. The GFS is much deeper with the upper system as it
    emerges into the Plains, with evolution into a deep closed low as it
    crosses the central U.S. Day 6. Meanwhile, the ECMWF advances this
    feature as a much weaker open wave, and as a result,
    similar/significant differences exist between the two models with
    respect to strength/development of the associated surface low. By
    late afternoon Day 6, the GFS depicts a surface cyclone in the
    vicinity of the mid-Missouri Valley that is 10 to 12 mb deeper than
    the ECMWF's low. Though severe risk would appear to be on the
    increase by the upcoming weekend as this western troughing reaches
    the central U.S., no risk areas will be highlighted at this time,
    given the substantial differences in model solutions.

    Prior to the emergence of this system into the Plains, thunder will
    likely accompany the advance of this system across the Intermountain
    West, but weak instability should preclude appreciable severe risk
    Day 4. Some risk for hail may evolve late Day 5, across the
    Oklahoma vicinity, with potential for elevated/nocturnal storms
    developing north of a Texas warm front in a zone of increasing warm advection/isentropic lift ahead of the advancing trough. However,
    risk remains uncertain enough to preclude issuance of a 15%
    probability area this forecast.

    ..Goss.. 03/04/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 05, 2019 11:02:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1551780159-1983-12533
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    ACUS48 KWNS 051002
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 051000

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CST Tue Mar 05 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in reasonable agreement through roughly Day
    5 (Saturday 3-9), with respect to spatial positioning of the main
    synoptic features. The GFS remains the more aggressive model with
    respect to deepening of the upper trough as it crosses the Rockies
    Day 4 and the Plains Day 5, and thus likewise depicts a much
    stronger surface cyclone during the Day 5 period.

    Beyond Day 5, the faster GFS outpaces the slower ECMWF, to the
    degree that confidence in the potential for accuracy in a convective
    forecast beyond Day 5 is too low to warrant any areal inclusions.

    In the Day 4 to 5 time range, when model agreement is higher, it
    appears that elevated convection will evolve across portions of
    Oklahoma and Kansas, and possibly northward into Nebraska. However,
    confidence is not high enough that any hail risk evident at this
    point warrants a Day 4 area.

    Day 5, a surface cold front is progged to sweep across the central
    and southern Plains and into Missouri/Arkansas through the day, and
    then quickly eastward across the Mississippi River into the Ohio and
    Tennessee Valleys overnight. While the strongest large-scale ascent
    is progged at this time to sweep across the Ozarks vicinity during
    the day, as the trough takes on a negative tilt, substantial
    questions remain as to the degree of moistening/destabilization that
    will be able to occur this far north. Greater severe risk may
    therefore remain farther south, from east Texas/Louisiana across the
    Lower Mississippi Valley region, and possibly into the central Gulf
    Coast states late.

    Aside from questions regarding instability, this appears likely to
    be a strongly dynamic system with strong flow/shear covering a broad
    area. As such, damaging winds, and potential for tornadoes, is
    evident at this time. At this time, a large 15% probability area
    will be issued centered on a north-south zone from Missouri to the
    Lower Mississippi Valley, with additional areal, and risk-level,
    refinements to be made in subsequent outlooks.

    ..Goss.. 03/05/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 06, 2019 11:01:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1551866478-1983-12818
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    ACUS48 KWNS 061001
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 061000

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CST Wed Mar 06 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models appear to be in reasonably good agreement over
    the U.S. through Day 6 (Monday 3-11), with the main upper feature
    early in the period being a negatively-tilted upper trough that will
    move quickly out of the central and southern Plains, across the
    Upper Midwest, and into the Upper Great Lakes Day 4 (Saturday 3-9).
    As this system continues to progress into eastern Canada and the
    northeastern U.S. Day 5 (Sunday 3-10), a strengthening trough
    farther west is progged to be digging southward along the West
    Coast, before shifting more eastward/inland Day 6. At this point,
    model agreement deteriorates significantly with eastward
    progression/evolution of this system, and thus forecast confidence
    remains low during the second half of the period.

    In the meantime, widespread showers and thunderstorms are forecast
    to expand across a large area from eastern portions of the central
    and southern Plains early Day 4, eastward/northeastward across the
    Mississippi Valley and into the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys through
    Sunday morning. Given the strength of this system, and the
    accompanying/strong kinematic field, risk for at least isolated
    severe storms remains evident -- including potential for damaging
    winds and some tornado risk. However, a primary limiting factor
    appears likely to be limited CAPE (in part due to the widespread
    convective development). As such, will maintain only 15% risk at
    this time, though strength of this system and accompanying
    deep-layer wind field warrants attention in future outlooks.

    Day 5, models suggest that continued cold frontal advance across the
    East Coast and Gulf Coast states will occur, with the front
    currently progged to reside near both the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
    near the end of the Day 5 period. Ahead of the boundary, modest
    CAPE but strong shear is expected, warranting introduction of a 15%
    risk area from the central Gulf Coast to the eastern Carolinas.

    With the front largely offshore by Day 6, a lull in severe weather
    risk is evident at this time, prior to the advance of the next
    western upper system.

    ..Goss.. 03/06/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 07, 2019 10:36:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1551951384-1983-13211
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS48 KWNS 070936
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070934

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CST Thu Mar 07 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to exhibit agreement/consistency only
    through Monday (Day 5) at this time, as substantial discrepancy
    remains surrounding the inland/eastward advance of the next Pacific
    trough/low. Differences are so great between the GFS and ECMWF
    beginning as early as late in the Day 5 period, that no reasonable
    assessment of any severe potential which may accompany this system
    as it shifts east of the Rockies can be offered at this time.

    Meanwhile, some severe risk remains possible Day 4 (Sunday), ahead
    of the remnant cold front which should linger/drift very slowly
    south across the eastern Carolinas and Gulf Coast region. While
    stronger large-scale ascent will remain well north of this area,
    moderate flow aloft -- on the southern fringe of the main Ohio Valley/northeastern U.S. jet core -- will provide sufficient shear
    to support some severe risk with storms ongoing/developing near the
    frontal zone.

    Only minimal severe risk is evident Day 5 (Monday), with short-wave
    ridging aloft expected over the Gulf Coast region where the remnant
    front is progged to linger. While an increase in risk is then a
    possibility into the central U.S. Day 6, the aforementioned/
    substantial uncertainty precludes any more detailed risk assessment
    at this time.

    ..Goss.. 03/07/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 08, 2019 11:02:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552039356-1983-13623
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    ACUS48 KWNS 081002
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 081000

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CST Fri Mar 08 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance is now in reasonable agreement with the
    eastward progression of an upper trough/low from the West Coast to
    the southern Plains from Day 4/Monday into Day 5/Tuesday. Low-level
    moisture return will likely occur in earnest across the southern
    Plains ahead of this upper trough/low, and some chance for elevated
    convection may exist across this region Monday night. For now, the
    severe threat appears a bit too conditional/marginal to include a
    15% delineation for Day 4/Monday across any part of west TX.

    The upper trough should acquire an overall negative tilt as it
    ejects eastward over the southern Plains on Day 5/Tuesday. Strong
    surface cyclogenesis and low-level mass response is forecast across
    the southern/central High Plains. A partially modified Gulf airmass
    will probably advance as far northward as the OK/TX border vicinity
    by Tuesday evening. Forecast values of instability and shear would
    support an organized severe threat across portions of the southern
    Plains. Also, enough agreement now exists amongst deterministic
    model guidance regarding the progression of the upper trough and
    placement of relevant surface features to include a 15% probability
    area for Day 5/Tuesday across parts of west/central TX. A fast,
    eastward-moving cold front may contribute to a severe squall line
    eventually developing across this region. Adjustments to this
    delineation will be needed in future updates as the northern extent
    of surface-based thunderstorm potential becomes clearer.

    The upper trough should develop into a closed low over the
    central/northern Plains by Day 6/Wednesday. Moisture return across
    the lower to mid MS Valley remains questionable through Wednesday
    evening, as the strongest low-level flow may gradually shift
    northward away from this region. Still, some severe threat may
    ultimately materialize depending on the quality of low-level
    moisture and related instability. A severe risk could also develop
    for Day 7/Thursday across parts of the Southeast into the TN and
    lower OH Valleys. However, the upper trough/low may be acquiring a
    positive tilt by then, and some differences in the placement of
    synoptic-scale features begins to increase at this extended time
    frame. For both Day 6/Wednesday and Day 7/Thursday, too much
    uncertainty exists to include any areal delineations at this time.

    ..Gleason.. 03/08/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 09, 2019 11:02:05
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552125730-1983-14191
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    ACUS48 KWNS 091002
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 091000

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CST Sat Mar 09 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A closed upper low over the lower CO River Valley should develop
    into a negatively tilted shortwave trough on Day 4/Tuesday as it
    ejects northeastward across the southern Plains. Strong forcing for
    ascent ahead of this shortwave trough will encourage surface lee
    cyclogenesis across the southern/central High Plains through the
    period. A southerly low-level jet is forecast to strengthen Tuesday
    evening across the southern Plains, and at least a partially
    modified Gulf airmass should reach as far west as the TX/NM border
    vicinity. With medium-range model guidance now showing a slightly
    slower ejection of the shortwave trough, widespread convective
    development across the warm sector may be delayed until later in the
    Day 4/Tuesday period. Regardless, moderate forecast instability
    coupled with strong shear should support organized severe
    thunderstorms across parts of the southern Plains. A squall line
    along a cold front producing strong/damaging winds may eventually
    develop as it sweeps quickly eastward over this region Tuesday
    night.

    The shortwave trough is forecast to evolve into a closed low over
    the central Plains on Day 5/Wednesday, and an occluding surface low
    should develop northeastward across part of the central Plains
    beneath the upper low. Convection should be ongoing along the cold
    front Wednesday morning. This activity may outpace the low-level
    moisture return across the lower/mid MS Valley. A relatively narrow
    corridor of some severe potential could materialize across this
    region Wednesday afternoon/evening depending on how quickly the cold
    front advances eastward. However, this risk appears a bit too uncertain/conditional to include a 15% delineation at this time.

    The vertically stacked cyclone should develop northeastward across
    the Upper Midwest on Day 6/Thursday, with the related cold front
    possibly decelerating across the lower MS Valley and Southeast
    during the day. A broad warm sector may be present across much of
    LA/MS/AL and vicinity. But, mid-level winds should be largely
    oriented parallel to the surface front and the stronger forcing for
    ascent will likely remain north of this region. These potentially
    limiting factors do not generate much confidence in an organized
    severe threat developing across the lower MS Valley and Southeast on
    Day 6/Thursday. Some lingering severe threat may continue across
    parts of the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic on Day 7/Friday along the
    cold front, but model variability increases substantially regarding
    the degree of instability that may develop in this time frame.

    ..Gleason.. 03/09/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 10, 2019 09:56:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552208178-1983-15097
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Sun Mar 10 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough should evolve into a closed low over the central
    Plains on Day 4/Wednesday, and an occluding surface low is forecast
    to likewise develop northeastward across the central Plains beneath
    the upper low. Convection will likely be ongoing along a cold front
    Wednesday morning across parts of central/east TX. A relatively
    narrow corridor of some severe risk could materialize across parts
    of the lower to mid MS Valley by Wednesday afternoon/evening
    depending on how quickly the cold front advances eastward. The best
    potential for this occurring appears to be over parts of LA where
    instability is forecast to be somewhat stronger due mainly to
    greater surface dewpoints. Regardless, the overall severe threat
    still appears too marginal/uncertain to include a 15% area.

    The vertically stacked cyclone should develop northeastward across
    the Upper Midwest on Day 5/Thursday while transitioning into a
    positively tilted upper trough. A related surface cold front will
    probably decelerate somewhere across the lower MS Valley, TN Valley,
    and Southeast during the day. A broad warm sector should be present
    across much of LA/MS/AL and vicinity. However, mid-level winds
    should be oriented largely parallel to the surface front, and the
    stronger forcing for ascent will likely remain north of this region.
    These factors limit confidence in any more than a marginal severe
    threat developing across any part of the lower MS Valley, TN Valley,
    and Southeast on Day 5/Thursday.

    A lingering severe threat may exist across parts of the Southeast
    and Mid-Atlantic on Day 6/Friday along the cold front as it moves east-southeastward across these regions. But, model guidance
    currently suggests instability will remain weak. By next weekend,
    surface high pressure is forecast to dominate the central/eastern
    CONUS, with low-level trajectories remaining offshore and limiting
    any organized severe potential.

    ..Gleason.. 03/10/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 11, 2019 09:48:21
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552294103-1983-15882
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110848
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110846

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CDT Mon Mar 11 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A vertically stacked cyclone should develop northeastward across the
    Upper Midwest and Great Lakes into Canada on Day 4/Thursday while
    transitioning into a positively tilted upper trough. A related
    surface cold front should decelerate across the lower MS Valley, TN
    Valley, and Southeast during the day. A broad warm sector will
    likely be present across much of LA/MS/AL and vicinity. However,
    mid-level winds are forecast to be oriented largely parallel to the
    surface front, low-level winds should gradually veer/weaken through
    the day, and the stronger forcing for ascent will likely remain
    north of this region. Although an isolated/marginal severe risk may
    develop across these areas on Day 4/Thursday, the limiting factors
    mentioned above decrease confidence in a more widespread/organized
    severe threat occurring.

    A lingering severe threat may exist across parts of the Southeast
    and Mid-Atlantic on Day 5/Friday along the cold front as it moves east-southeastward across these regions and eventually off the East
    Coast. Regardless, model guidance continues to suggest that
    instability will remain weak ahead of the front. Surface high
    pressure is forecast to dominate the central/eastern CONUS by the
    upcoming weekend through early next week. Related low-level
    trajectories will remain offshore and limit any organized severe
    potential from Day 6/Saturday through Day 8/Monday.

    ..Gleason.. 03/11/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 12, 2019 09:30:25
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    ------------=_1552379429-1983-16101
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0329 AM CDT Tue Mar 12 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A marginal threat for strong storms could persist into Day 4/Fri
    from the Carolinas into the Mid-Atlantic as a cold front continues
    to shift east across the Atlantic coast states. While deep-layer
    shear will remain strong, weakening forcing for ascent and meager
    instability will limit widespread severe potential. Beyond Friday,
    strong surface high pressure will dominate much of the CONUS. The
    cold front that moved across the southern states earlier in the week
    will continue to drop southward across the Gulf of Mexico toward
    Cuba and the Yucatan Peninsula. Stable surface high pressure and a
    lack of Gulf moisture return through early next week will preclude
    widespread severe concerns Day 5/Sat-Day 8/Tue.

    ..Leitman.. 03/12/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 13, 2019 08:56:33
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    ------------=_1552463796-1983-16520
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    ACUS48 KWNS 130755
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130754

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 AM CDT Wed Mar 13 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Strong surface high pressure will dominate much of the CONUS through
    the forecast period. A cold front will continue to push south across
    the Gulf of Mexico and the FL peninsula on Saturday. Persistent
    surface high pressure and broad cyclonic flow east of the Rockies
    will prevent Gulf moisture from returning northward. This dry and
    stable airmass will preclude severe potential Day 4/Sat through Day
    8/Wed.

    ..Leitman.. 03/13/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 14, 2019 08:51:39
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552549902-1983-17878
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140751
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140750

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0250 AM CDT Thu Mar 14 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Broad cyclonic upper level flow will persist east of the Rockies
    courtesy of a reinforcing shortwave dropping southward across the
    northern Rockies/Plains on Day 5/Mon. Surface high pressure will
    continue to dominate central and southern parts of the CONUS and as
    a result, dry, continental trajectories will preclude Gulf return
    flow. Thus, boundary layer conditions will remain stable with
    limited opportunity for thunderstorms east of the Rockies through
    Day 8/Thu. An upper low will move onshore along the CA coast around
    Day 7/Wed and spread eastward to the Four Corners vicinity by the
    end of the period. Some thunderstorm potential could exist with this
    system, but severe chances are low.

    ..Leitman.. 03/14/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 16, 2019 09:46:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552726022-1983-19640
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Sat Mar 16 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An omega blocking regime with a mean trough over the eastern U.S.
    will prevail most of the 4-8 period. This pattern should support
    reinforcement of continental-polar surface high pressure that will
    dominate the eastern states, maintaining offshore flow over the Gulf
    and low severe potential inland.

    ..Dial.. 03/16/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 17, 2019 09:21:32
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552810893-1983-19911
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170821
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170819

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0319 AM CDT Sun Mar 17 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Within an omega blocking regime, a large area of high pressure over
    the eastern half of the U.S. will maintain offshore winds along the
    Gulf, limiting moisture return inland through at least day 5. Day 6
    model consensus is that a southern-stream trough will move into the
    Plains of west TX where a corridor of modified continental-polar air
    will return through the warm sector, contributing to at least
    marginal instability. Wind profiles accompanying the upper trough
    would support some severe threat with any storms developing along
    the accompanying Pacific Front. However, increasing ensemble spread
    regarding timing and amplitude of this feature and uncertainties
    related to degree of moisture return and thermodynamic environment
    suggest low predictability at this time.

    ..Dial.. 03/17/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 18, 2019 09:30:35
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552897837-1983-20174
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180830
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180829

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0329 AM CDT Mon Mar 18 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Model consensus is that a reinforcing surge of continental-polar air
    with offshore winds will expand into the Gulf Thursday (day4). This
    will limit moisture return downstream from a synoptic upper trough
    that is forecast to emerge over the southern High Plains later
    Friday (day 5) before ejecting northeast into the central Plains by
    Saturday (day 6). While some severe threat could evolve over TX,
    especially by day 5-6, confidence not particularly high in more than
    a marginal risk category at this time.

    An upstream shortwave trough is forecast to reach TX late day 7 into
    day 8, preceded by more substantial moisture return. While a severe
    threat might evolve from the southern Plains into the lower MS
    Valley, increasing spreads among ensemble members regarding the
    amplitude and timing of this feature lower overall confidence in
    where/when any severe potential will be maximized.

    ..Dial.. 03/18/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 19, 2019 09:36:11
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552984575-1983-20404
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190834

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0334 AM CDT Tue Mar 19 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The longwave pattern will remain generally unfavorable for any
    appreciable severe threat through at least D4/Fri. At this time, a
    surface ridge axis will shift eastward toward the Mississippi River
    Valley, allowing for a modified maritime airmass to migrate
    northwestward from the western Gulf into Texas. Meanwhile,
    strengthening mid-level flow will migrate northeastward across the
    High Plains atop a sharpening lee surface trough/dryline, providing
    impetus for convective development across the Texas Panhandle/South
    Plains. Meager instability should limit the extent of any severe
    threat during this timeframe. This dryline should shift slightly
    eastward into western Oklahoma/west-central Texas on D5/Sat as
    mid-level forcing for ascent lifts northward away from the deeper
    boundary layer moisture.

    Guidance suggest that a more appreciable severe threat should
    develop around D6/Sun across portions of the southern Plains. By
    this time, low 60s F dewpoints will have developed northward to at
    least the Red River Valley area - and possibly northward through
    southern Oklahoma. Meanwhile, a jet streak on the southern extent
    of a progressive shortwave will migrate eastward atop the remaining
    dryline and nearby warm sector. Weak to moderate surface-based
    instability and supercellular vertical wind profiles will likely
    favor all modes of severe weather, with the remaining uncertainty
    involving specific positioning of related surface features (i.e.,
    dryline position, northward extent of surface-based instability) and
    specific orientation of the mid-level jet and attendant mid-level
    wave.

    By D7/Mon, this threat should shift eastward/southeastward in tandem
    with an eastward-moving surface low and a southward moving cold
    front entering the Tennessee Valley. It appears that at least a
    marginal threat for severe weather will exist within the warm sector
    along and ahead of these surface features, though a fair amount of
    uncertainty exists with specific positioning of these surface
    features and upstream mid-level wave evolution.

    ..Cook.. 03/19/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 20, 2019 09:07:51
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1553069277-1983-20630
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200807
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200806

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0306 AM CDT Wed Mar 20 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Early in the period, a weakening, negative-tilt mid-level trough
    will migrate northward across the central Plains away from a
    gradually moistening warm sector and dryline across portions of
    Texas and Oklahoma. By D5/Sun, another wave will migrate eastward
    from the Four Corners, reaching Oklahoma/Kansas by D6/Mon and the
    Mid-South by D7/Tue. Subtle differences exist in the amplitude of
    this trough and attendant strength of mid-level wind fields on
    D6/Mon and these differences become substantial beyond that point.
    However, the general consensus is that this mid-level flow will
    favorably intersect a surface dryline located across western
    Oklahoma and west-central Texas D5/Sun afternoon in concert with
    modest deepening of a surface low and continued boundary layer
    moistening. Low 60s F dewpoints should extend perhaps as far north
    as central/northern Oklahoma. Supercellular wind profiles will
    become common in the warm sector, and weak to moderate buoyancy will
    likely foster thunderstorm development initially along the dryline -
    spreading eastward with time. All modes of severe weather will be
    possible, with the highest threat likely confined to the 15%
    probability area. Some spatial refinements are likely with this
    area in later outlook updates.

    This threat should shift eastward over time in concert with eastward progression of the surface low and continued low-level moistening/destabilization ahead of that low across the Lower
    Mississippi Valley on D6/Mon. Again, substantial differences in
    model guidance appear by this time and lower confidence in any
    particular corridors of heightened severe weather risk at this time.

    ..Cook.. 03/20/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 21, 2019 09:43:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Thu Mar 21 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At the beginning of the period, a mid-level jet streak will migrate
    eastward from the Desert Southwest into the southern Plains and
    Lower Mississippi River Valley. Meanwhile, a couple of shortwaves
    will quickly migrate east/southeastward within a amplifying
    large-scale pattern. One of these waves will migrate southeastward
    out of Iowa (on D4/Sun) toward the Tennessee Valley and Southeast
    (by D6/Tue) with another migrating from the central Rockies (D5/Mon)
    toward the Lower Mississippi Valley (D6/Tue). Models have trended
    slightly stronger with the Iowa-to-Southeast shortwave in the past
    set of runs, leading to substantial shifts in the surface and
    low-level pattern on D4/Sun afternoon (i.e., more veered 850 mb flow
    and a general eastward shift of the warm/moist sector toward the Arklatex/Mid-South compared to prior runs). The overall warm
    advection pattern should result in an increase in
    shower/thunderstorm activity across these areas, although point
    forecast soundings limit surface-based convective potential to areas
    closer to the Red River Valley where slightly better boundary layer
    moisture should reside. Confidence in an appreciable severe risk is
    lower, thus severe probabilities appear to be less than 15% at this
    time.

    Through D6/Tue, a cold front will shift southward toward the Gulf
    Coast, with showers and thunderstorms occurring along and ahead of
    it. Weak low-level kinematic fields and modest instability should
    limit the risk of any widespread severe activity. Beyond that
    point, an expansive area of high pressure will dominate the eastern
    half of the country, limiting potential for any return flow episodes
    and keeping any risk of severe weather relatively low.

    ..Cook.. 03/21/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 22, 2019 09:46:36
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    ACUS48 KWNS 220846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Fri Mar 22 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance currently progs limited moisture return across
    the central and southern Plains on D6/Wednesday and D7/Thursday,
    ahead of shortwave trough expected to move through the Plains on
    D7/Thursday. However, given the short wavelength between this
    shortwave and a preceding wave, moisture return is not expected to
    be all that robust. The lack of better moisture cast doubt on the
    severe potential. Even so, depending on the speed and trajectory of
    the shortwave trough, a severe risk may develop on towards the end
    of next week, particularly if the shortwave is slower than currently
    forecast, allowing for more substantial moisture return.

    ..Mosier.. 03/22/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 23, 2019 09:44:16
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    ------------=_1553330658-1972-1260
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230844
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sat Mar 23 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 311200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Upper-level ridging will likely traverse the Plains on D4/Tuesday,
    ahead of an upper trough expected to move into the Plains on
    D6/Thursday or D7/Friday. Moisture return is anticipated ahead of
    this upper trough, setting the stage for potential severe
    thunderstorms once the trough moves into the Plains. Run-to-run and model-to-model variability is less in the most recent runs than
    previous runs, but still exhibits enough variance with the evolution
    of the upper trough (particularly in its speed and strength) to
    limit forecast confidence. Given the limited forecast confidence, no
    areas will be delineated with this outlook. However, this severe
    potential bears watching closely and outlook areas may be needed in
    subsequent forecasts if forecast confidence increases.

    ..Mosier.. 03/23/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 24, 2019 09:49:24
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1553417366-1972-1695
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240849
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240847

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0347 AM CDT Sun Mar 24 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range guidance continues to forecast moisture return over the
    southern Plains on D4/Wednesday and D5/Thursday while an upper
    trough slowly moves across the western CONUS. All of the guidance
    has trended slower with this upper trough, limiting the forcing for
    ascent throughout the warm sector on D5/Thursday. The lack of
    stronger forcing for ascent coupled with only modest low-level
    moisture (i.e. dewpoints across OK and KS generally in the mid 50s)
    is currently expected to keep the warm sector capped on D5/Thursday.
    Best chance for severe thunderstorms on D5/Thursday currently
    appears to be late in the evening and overnight within the warm
    advection north of the warm front. Even so, too much uncertainty
    exists to outlook any areas.

    For D6/Friday, thunderstorms are expected along a cold front surging
    across the central and southern Plains. Robust warm-sector
    convection is currently expected to be limited by stunted daytime
    heating and warm mid-level temperatures. The fast-moving nature of
    the cold front could also lead to undercutting.

    Outlook areas may eventually be needed for both of these days once
    forecast uncertainties resolve and the locations of the greatest
    severe thunderstorm potential become more apparent.

    ..Mosier.. 03/24/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 25, 2019 09:53:00
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    ------------=_1553503986-1972-2100
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Mon Mar 25 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Several days of antecedent moisture return are expected to result in
    a modest moist and unstable air mass across portions of the southern
    and central Plains on D4/Thursday. However, nebulous forcing for
    ascent leads to a low probability of overcoming the warm
    temperatures aloft and resulting convective inhibition.

    Severe potential appears higher on D5/Friday as a shortwave trough
    moves into the Plains. Additionally, guidance has trended slower
    with the cold front, now delaying its passage through OK until
    overnight D5/Friday. Consequently, current guidance now depicts an
    unstable air mass from north-central TX into south-central KS ahead
    of a favorably timed shortwave trough. Forecast wind profiles
    support organized supercells capable of all severe hazards. However,
    a well-developed EML and limited moisture return cast uncertainty to
    whether or not the cap will break within the warm sector. Highest
    confidence for deep convection is currently limited to near the
    triple point where low-level convergence will be maximized. The
    spatially limited area of highest confidence and lack of run-to-run
    consistency (i.e., this is first set of model runs depicting this
    scenario) further add to overall uncertainty. Given these
    uncertainties, it seems prudent to withhold delineating any areas on
    D5/Friday until there is more forecast confidence.

    After D5/Friday, a downstream severe threat may manifest along the
    front as it moves across the eastern CONUS. However, run-to-run and model-to-model consistency is poor, resulting in low predictability.

    ..Mosier.. 03/25/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 26, 2019 08:59:06
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    ------------=_1553587150-1972-2454
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260759
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260757

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CDT Tue Mar 26 2019

    Valid 291200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance has shown sufficient run-to-run
    consistency for the past several model cycles to introduce a
    15-percent severe risk area for portions of central/eastern Oklahoma
    for Friday (day 4). A mid-level trough is forecast to move into the
    central U.S. on Friday with a triple point located over OK. Steep
    to very steep 700-500mb lapse rates will initially favor development
    of large hail with the stronger storms before a transition to
    upscale growth and a risk for severe gusts during the evening.

    By Saturday (day 5), a cold front is expected to push east into the
    MS Valley with thunderstorms from the lower MS Valley north into the
    OH Valley. The magnitude of buoyancy and suboptimal displacement of
    stronger forcing to the north over the Great Lakes lends some
    uncertainty regarding the magnitude/coverage of possible strong
    storms. Severe potential appears low by Sunday and Monday before
    model predictability casts doubt regarding thunderstorm potential
    over parts of FL late in the extended period.

    ..Smith.. 03/26/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 27, 2019 09:00:42
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    ------------=_1553673646-1972-2680
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    ACUS48 KWNS 270800
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 270758

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0258 AM CDT Wed Mar 27 2019

    Valid 301200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The upper-air pattern will feature a large-scale trough over the
    eastern half of the contiguous U.S. through early next week before
    the pattern becomes less amplified and more progressive. Some risk
    for strong thunderstorms may develop from parts of the OH Valley
    into the Mid South on Saturday (day 4) but the perceived
    magnitude/coverage of the threat precludes an areal highlight.
    Model variability increases by early to mid week next week.

    ..Smith.. 03/27/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 28, 2019 09:25:50
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    ------------=_1553761556-1972-3004
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280825
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280824

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0324 AM CDT Thu Mar 28 2019

    Valid 311200Z - 051200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A quiescent pattern for organized severe thunderstorms appears
    likely during the extended period. Several migratory mid-level
    shortwave troughs will contribute to mean troughing over the eastern
    U.S. and offshore flow into the Gulf of Mexico. By mid to late week
    next week, the pattern may become less hostile to moisture return
    into the northwest Gulf basin.

    ..Smith.. 03/28/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 29, 2019 09:01:25
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    ------------=_1553846488-1972-3316
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    ACUS48 KWNS 290801
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 290759

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0259 AM CDT Fri Mar 29 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Dominant surface anticyclone is forecast to overspread lower
    latitudes during the day3 period forcing a sharp cold front deep
    into the Gulf basin by early next week. Associated
    moisture/instability will be shunted well south of the CONUS as the
    boundary stalls over the central Gulf. Of particular note will be a
    strong short-wave trough that is expected to dig into south TX day4.
    This feature should induce a surface low over the Gulf boundary
    which would then track toward the FL Peninsula day5. At this time
    it's not entirely clear the warm sector will be unstable enough
    across the peninsula for organized severe convection. Beyond day5, moisture/instability should remain too meager to warrant any
    meaningful risk of severe.

    ..Darrow.. 03/29/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 30, 2019 08:47:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1553932054-1972-3587
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300747
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300745

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0245 AM CDT Sat Mar 30 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm threat appears to be low through next week.

    Dominant surface anticyclone will overspread much of the eastern US
    into the day4 period. Associated surface front is forecast to settle
    deep into the Gulf of Mexico where it should stall at low latitudes.
    There is some uncertainty among the latest model guidance regarding
    the location/strength of a wave/low that may be induced along this
    boundary ahead of a notable short-wave trough. This mid-level
    feature should eject along the Gulf Coast and off the southeastern
    Atlantic Coast Tuesday afternoon. It's not entirely clear how much
    buoyancy will develop over the FL Peninsula given the recent strong
    frontal penetration. While organized severe thunderstorms are not
    expected through mid week, higher-PW air mass may begin advancing
    inland toward the Arklatex. A few severe storms may ultimately
    evolve across this region but low predictability precludes a 15%
    severe prob during the day7-8 time frame.

    ..Darrow.. 03/30/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 30, 2019 15:09:33
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 301409
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 301408

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0908 AM CDT Sat Mar 30 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 071200Z

    CORRECTED FOR WEB GRAPHICS

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Severe thunderstorm threat appears to be low through next week.

    Dominant surface anticyclone will overspread much of the eastern US
    into the day4 period. Associated surface front is forecast to settle
    deep into the Gulf of Mexico where it should stall at low latitudes.
    There is some uncertainty among the latest model guidance regarding
    the location/strength of a wave/low that may be induced along this
    boundary ahead of a notable short-wave trough. This mid-level
    feature should eject along the Gulf Coast and off the southeastern
    Atlantic Coast Tuesday afternoon. It's not entirely clear how much
    buoyancy will develop over the FL Peninsula given the recent strong
    frontal penetration. While organized severe thunderstorms are not
    expected through mid week, higher-PW air mass may begin advancing
    inland toward the Arklatex. A few severe storms may ultimately
    evolve across this region but low predictability precludes a 15%
    severe prob during the day7-8 time frame.

    ..Darrow.. 03/30/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 31, 2019 08:59:09
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554019155-1972-3972
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    ACUS48 KWNS 310759
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 310757

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CDT Sun Mar 31 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Very active southerly flow regime is expected to continue across the
    CONUS through the medium-range period. Moisture plume that has been
    shunted well south of the Gulf Coast is expected to begin advancing
    north into TX late day3, then into the southern plains across
    western OK Wednesday. Medium-range models are in fairly good
    agreement that a pronounced short-wave trough will induce lee
    cyclogenesis that should sharpen a dryline day4. Robust deep
    convection appears possible across this region during the late
    afternoon into evening hours. Day5, a more significant surge in
    low-level moisture is expected to advance across the lower MS Valley
    into the central Gulf States. Strong, progressive short-wave trough
    is expected to aid organized, potentially severe thunderstorms from
    the Arklatex into MS. Beyond day5, considerable uncertainty exists
    regarding the potential for organized convection downstream.

    ..Darrow.. 03/31/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 01, 2019 08:51:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554105074-1972-4216
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010751
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010749

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0249 AM CDT Mon Apr 01 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest model guidance is in general agreement through the day4
    period regarding the evolution of a strong short-wave trough as it
    ejects across the southern Plains into the lower MS Valley.
    Boundary-layer moisture is expected to return to the Arklatex/MS
    region with PW values well in excess of 1". Sustained low-level warm
    advection should generate multiple thunderstorm clusters ahead of
    the trough and organized severe appears possible given the
    large-scale forcing for ascent and expected shear/buoyancy.

    Beyond day4, severe threat should be considerably lower ahead of the
    trough downstream due to weaker buoyancy. Predictability is very low
    by the weekend as model solutions diverge considerably.

    ..Darrow.. 04/01/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 02, 2019 08:56:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554191785-1972-4391
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020756
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020754

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 AM CDT Tue Apr 02 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range model guidance continues to suggest dominant surface
    anticyclone will shift off the Atlantic Coast mid week. As this high
    shifts east, low-level trajectories will become more favorable for
    moisture to advance north across the western/central Gulf Basin into
    the southern US east of the Rockies. While models agree in this
    general trend, considerable uncertainty exists regarding the
    progression of individual short waves within the southern branch.
    Instability will likely increase such that convection will develop
    ahead of these features, some of which may be robust and/or
    organized. However, predictability is too low to warrant any
    meaningful expression of the potential severe risk.

    ..Darrow.. 04/02/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 03, 2019 08:28:28
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    ACUS48 KWNS 030728
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030727

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Wed Apr 03 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in general agreement that a significant
    short-wave trough should eject into west TX late day3. Beyond day3, considerable differences emerge among the models regarding the
    speed/movement of this feature and the potential for some phasing
    with a northern branch over the MS Valley. While predictability is
    low regarding daily severe threats, overall, convective potential
    should increase across the southern Plains into the central Gulf
    States later this weekend. Some of this activity may be severe but
    confidence is a bit too low to express 15% severe probs at this
    time.

    ..Darrow.. 04/03/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 04, 2019 08:50:37
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040750
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040748

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0248 AM CDT Thu Apr 04 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Low-level trajectories will become more favorable for the transport
    of moisture north across the Gulf basin into the southern US into
    early next week. Models continue to suggest an active southern
    stream that will undoubtedly encourage deep convection and possible
    severe at times. Organized severe thunderstorms are expected during
    the day3 period across TX into the lower MS Valley. However,
    considerable convective overturning, and the likelihood for poor
    short wave timing, lends to low predictability early in the period.
    Even so, significant convection may ultimately spread across the
    lower MS Valley into the central Gulf States during the day4-5 time
    frame. Beyond day5, focus for deep convection may shift into the central/southern Plains, especially day7 when a potentially
    significant cyclone may evolve. However, moisture quality is
    somewhat questionable for this event.

    ..Darrow.. 04/04/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 05, 2019 09:48:15
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050848
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050846

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0346 AM CDT Fri Apr 05 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Monday (Day 4) the southern-stream shortwave trough will continue
    through the moist warm sector over the Southeast States. Models
    differ to some degree regarding phasing between this feature and a northern-stream shortwave trough with NAM being the outlier. In
    either case, primary uncertainty is impact of early convection on
    warm sector. While some severe storms are probable over a portion of
    this region, predictability remains too low to introduce severe
    probabilities at this time. Late day 5 into day 6, a stronger
    shortwave trough is forecast to emerge over the central High Plains
    inducing significant cyclogenesis. While some severe potential will
    likely evolve over the Plains Wednesday (day 6), it appears this
    system will lack a substantial return of moisture necessary for
    confidence in a more robust severe threat.

    ..Dial.. 04/05/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 06, 2019 09:54:56
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    ACUS48 KWNS 060854
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 060853

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0353 AM CDT Sat Apr 06 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 141200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Day 4 (Tuesday) the southern-stream trough over the Southeast States
    should finally move off the Atlantic seaboard late in the period.
    Potential for widespread rain and showers along with an overall
    weakening of the trough suggest severe potential should remain low.
    By day 5 (Wednesday), model consensus is that a strong shortwave
    trough will to emerge over the central High Plains inducing
    significant cyclogenesis. While moisture return will be somewhat
    limited with modified continental polar air reaching the Central
    Plains day 5 and the MS and OH Valley regions day 6, it will
    probably be sufficient for a threat of severe storms given the
    expected strength of the system. Will maintain low predictability
    for this outlook, but a categorical risk area may be needed for a
    portion of these areas in future updates if models continue to
    demonstrate consistency.

    ..Dial.. 04/06/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 07, 2019 08:44:00
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554626643-1972-5779
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    ACUS48 KWNS 070843
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 070842

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0342 AM CDT Sun Apr 07 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 151200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    By day 4 (Wednesday), model consensus is that a strong shortwave
    trough will to emerge over the central High Plains inducing
    significant cyclogenesis. Primary limiting factor for a more
    substantial severe threat day 4 will be insufficient time for
    low-level moisture recovery from the Gulf, which will limit
    instability and promote a strong cap as an elevated mixed layer is
    advected eastward above the dryline. Nevertheless, strong forcing
    within upper jet exit region and convergence near the triple point
    might promote a severe storm or two by early evening near and
    northeast of the surface low. More likely, storms will develop along
    and north of the east-west baroclinic zone on nose of a
    strengthening low-level jet from NE into IA with a threat for mainly
    hail.

    By day 5 (Thursday), slightly better moisture will be advected
    northward ahead of the surface low with dewpoints in the 50s F. It
    is likely that a band of storms will develop along the trailing cold
    front as this boundary intercepts the destabilizing boundary layer
    across the middle MS, OH and TN Valleys. Some threat for damaging
    wind will exist given strength of low-mid level winds. Severe
    probabilities may be needed for this region in later updates.

    Day 6 (Friday) The upper trough will continue east northeast with
    associated deep cyclone moving from the Great Lakes into southeast
    Canada. Storms may continue along the front and warm conveyor belt
    in the high shear/low CAPE environment. Severe probabilities may
    ultimately be needed from the Mid Atlantic into the Carolinas as
    confidence increases that the thermodynamic environment will be
    sufficient for severe storms.

    Day 7 (Saturday) Rich low-level moisture with near 70 F dewpoints
    will advect northward into the warm sector over the lower MS Valley
    in advance of a southern-stream shortwave trough. This environment
    may become favorable for severe storms by late Saturday over the
    lower MS Valley, then continuing into the Gulf Coast states day 8.

    ..Dial.. 04/07/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 08, 2019 08:57:38
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554713863-1972-6261
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    ACUS48 KWNS 080857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 080856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Mon Apr 08 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 161200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    By day 4 (Thursday), somewhat greater moisture will be advected
    northward ahead of the surface low with dewpoints in the 50s F. It
    still appears likely that a band of storms will develop along the
    trailing cold front as this boundary intercepts the destabilizing
    boundary layer across the middle MS, OH and TN Valleys. Despite an
    expected marginal thermodynamic environment, some risk for damaging
    wind will exist given strength of low-mid level winds and strong
    vertical shear supportive of a few embedded meso-vortices and bowing structures. Have introduced a 15% probability to account for this
    possibility.

    Day 5 (Friday) The upper trough will continue east northeast with
    associated deep cyclone moving from the Great Lakes into southeast
    Canada. Storms may continue along the front and warm conveyor belt
    in the high shear/low CAPE environment. Some severe probabilities
    might eventually be needed from the Mid Atlantic into the Carolinas
    if confidence increases that the thermodynamic environment will
    become sufficient for severe storms.

    Day 6 (Saturday) General model consensus is that rich low-level
    moisture with near 70 F dewpoints will advect northward into the
    warm sector over the lower MS Valley in advance of a southern-stream
    shortwave trough. This environment may become favorable for a more
    significant severe event by later Saturday from southeast TX to the
    lower MS Valley, then continuing into the Gulf Coast states Sunday
    (day 7). If models continue to demonstrate consistency in this
    scenario, a categorical risk area will need to be introduced in
    later updates.

    ..Dial.. 04/08/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 09, 2019 08:43:18
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554799400-1972-6713
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    ACUS48 KWNS 090842
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 090841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Tue Apr 09 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The first appreciable risk of severe weather during the forecast
    period will probably exist across portions of the Sabine and Lower
    Mississippi River Valleys around the D4/Friday timeframe. A
    mid-level disturbance will migrate from the southern Rockies into
    Oklahoma and increase mid-level flow atop a moist, moderately
    unstable airmass. Models (particularly the GFS and ECMWF) differ on
    the details of low-level cyclogenesis near the ArkLaTex vicinity
    during that timeframe, which has implications on the eventual nature
    of severe threat and the northward extent of
    moistening/destabilization. Probabilities have been introduced to
    address the severe weather scenario and will likely be refined in
    later outlooks.

    The southern Plains mid-level disturbance will eject northeastward
    toward the Midwest on D5/Saturday. Despite subtle differences,
    models are in general agreement that an organized complex of storms
    - most likely tied to a progressive cold front - will migrate
    eastward across Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia.
    Instability/shear profiles will likely favor an organized severe
    threat, though lingering questions remain regarding the eventual
    evolution of an attendant surface low over Tennessee/Kentucky that
    will ultimately influence the overall magnitude and northward extent
    of the severe weather threat. Beyond this timeframe, the severe
    threat should shift toward the Carolinas around D6/Sun, though
    overall uncertainty precludes any probabilities.

    ..Cook.. 04/09/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 09, 2019 14:56:48
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    ACUS48 KWNS 091456
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 091455

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0955 AM CDT Tue Apr 09 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 171200Z

    CORRECTED FOR DAYS OF WEEK REFERENCES

    ...DISCUSSION...
    The first appreciable risk of severe weather during the forecast
    period will probably exist across portions of the Sabine and Lower
    Mississippi River Valleys around the D5/Saturday timeframe. A
    mid-level disturbance will migrate from the southern Rockies into
    Oklahoma and increase mid-level flow atop a moist, moderately
    unstable airmass. Models (particularly the GFS and ECMWF) differ on
    the details of low-level cyclogenesis near the ArkLaTex vicinity
    during that timeframe, which has implications on the eventual nature
    of severe threat and the northward extent of
    moistening/destabilization. Probabilities have been introduced to
    address the severe weather scenario and will likely be refined in
    later outlooks.

    The southern Plains mid-level disturbance will eject northeastward
    toward the Midwest on D6/Sunday. Despite subtle differences, models
    are in general agreement that an organized complex of storms - most
    likely tied to a progressive cold front - will migrate eastward
    across Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Instability/shear
    profiles will likely favor an organized severe threat, though
    lingering questions remain regarding the eventual evolution of an
    attendant surface low over Tennessee/Kentucky that will ultimately
    influence the overall magnitude and northward extent of the severe
    weather threat. Beyond this timeframe, the severe threat should
    shift toward the Carolinas around D7/Monday, though overall
    uncertainty precludes any probabilities.

    ..Cook.. 04/09/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 10, 2019 08:46:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554886022-1972-7050
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    ACUS48 KWNS 100846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 100844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Wed Apr 10 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 181200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models are consistent in advancing a strong mid-level disturbance
    from New Mexico on D4/Saturday eastward across the southern Plains,
    then reaching the Great Lakes by D6/Monday. As this occurs, a
    surface low will organize and deepen from central Texas through
    Arkansas and toward the Ohio Valley. Strong low-level advection
    will result in 60s to near 70F dewpoints south of a warm front that
    should generally stretch west-southwest to east-northeast along the
    path of the surface low. Severe thunderstorms will become
    widespread on D4/Saturday as models indicate the development of a
    complex that will track from east Texas into the Lower Mississippi
    Valley, reaching Alabama early D5/Sunday. Linear convection will
    likely exist along the cold front, although point forecast soundings
    show a broad and weakly capped warm sector south of the warm front
    that may support more cellular convection as well. Thereafter,
    storms should continue to migrate eastward across Georgia and South
    Carolina through D5/Sunday, though instability should be weaker with
    eastward extent due to poor mid-level lapse rates.

    The aforementioned storm system will send a cold front in the
    northern Gulf on D6/Mon, temporarily decreasing the risk of severe
    convection in most areas. The next appreciable severe risk will
    probably exist just beyond the forecast period as another trough
    organizes in the West.

    ..Cook.. 04/10/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 11, 2019 08:29:35
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    ACUS48 KWNS 110829
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 110827

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0327 AM CDT Thu Apr 11 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 191200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On D4/Sunday, one or two linear convective complexes should be
    ongoing across the Deep South near a cold front and ahead of a
    vigorous mid-level trough over MO/AR. Each of these features will
    gradually shift eastward throughout the day, and although mid-level
    lapse rates weaken with eastward extent, strong flow aloft and
    surface heating in the pre-storm environment should enable damaging thunderstorm wind gusts from Alabama though western South Carolina.
    A 15% risk area is maintained and shifted slightly westward to
    account for a recent model trends that slow eastward progression of
    the convection in that area. A lower risk for severe will be
    possible farther north toward the Ohio Valley and eastward across
    the Mid-Atlantic, with weak instability being the main mitigating
    factor for both of those areas.

    With time this front should reach the Mid-Atlantic and northern
    Gulf, leaving a relatively dry low-level airmass across much of the
    country on D5/Monday. Return flow on the western side of an eastern
    U.S. anticyclone will result in gradually increasing boundary-layer
    moisture across the Plains and Lower to Mid-Mississippi Valley
    especially on D7/Wednesday and afterward. Advancing mid-level waves
    from the central Rockies should result in some severe risk during
    that timeframe, although specifics are uncertain.

    ..Cook.. 04/11/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 12, 2019 08:53:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555059199-1972-8773
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    ACUS48 KWNS 120853
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 120851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Fri Apr 12 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 201200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in fairly close agreement in depicting
    offshore advance of a surface cold front into the western Atlantic
    at the start of the Day 4 period (Monday 4-15), with flat ridging
    aloft to prevail in the wake of the departing trough and upstream of
    the next reaching the western U.S. late Monday/early Tuesday.

    While both models progress this next system across the West on Day 5
    (Tuesday 4-16), across the central U.S. Days 6-7, and then into the
    eastern U.S. Day 8, the manner with which the models handle the
    advance of this system differs. In general, the GFS shows a much
    more well-developed system early on, with a closed low crossing the
    Plains while the ECMWF depicts an open wave. In turn, the surface
    mass response is drastically different between the two models, with
    the GFS depicting a deep/mature cyclone over Kansas Day 5, while the
    ECMWF depicts a much weaker, elongated low over southeast Oklahoma.

    While it appears reasonably certain that severe-weather risk will
    increase across the central -- and later the eastern -- U.S. as this
    system advances, differences evident at this time suggest
    predictability issues, and thus no areas of heightened severe
    potential will be delineated at this time.

    ..Goss.. 04/12/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 13, 2019 09:01:49
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 130901
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 130900

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0400 AM CDT Sat Apr 13 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 211200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models continue to depict progression of a highly
    amplified upper trough across the U.S. through the Day 4-8 period.
    While differences are rather substantial with respect to the initial
    strength of this trough -- and thus its associated surface
    reflection -- as it exits the Rockies and moves into the Plains Day
    5 (Wednesday 4-17), evolution/progression of the upper system
    thereafter is reasonably similar as it traverses the central and
    eastern U.S. through the end of the period.

    Given the amplitude of the trough, and accompanying/well-developed
    surface system, a favorably strong wind field will accompany the
    progression of this system, along with ample northward advection of
    Gulf moisture. As such, it appears that a kinematic and
    thermodynamic environment supportive of severe storms (and all modes
    of severe weather) will exist each day -- and therefore 15% risk
    areas are being added. Though model differences continue to cast
    some uncertainty as to location of the daily risk, as well as the
    magnitude, it appears that any risk Day 4 (Tuesday 4-16) will be
    limited. Day 5 (Wednesday 4-17) however, as the upper trough
    advances more fully into the central U.S., risk for severe weather
    is evident from roughly the Mid-Missouri Valley south across eastern
    portions of the Plains, and eastward to roughly the Mississippi
    Valley. Day 6 (Thursday 4-18), the risk should extend from roughly
    the Mississippi Valley to the Appalachians, and as far north as the
    Midwest states. Day 7 (Friday 4-19), risk should exist primarily
    east of the mountains. Finally, by Day 8 (Saturday 4-20), the front
    will likely be advancing offshore, and thus diminished potential is
    apparent.

    ..Goss.. 04/13/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 14, 2019 08:57:27
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    ACUS48 KWNS 140857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 140855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 221200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Models have come into much better agreement through the medium-range
    period as compared to 24 to 48 hours prior. Both now depict a
    strong upper trough moving out of the Rockies and into the Plains
    Day 4 (Wednesday 4-17), eastward into the Mississippi Valley region
    Day 5 (Thursday 4-18), and then across the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys Day 6(Friday 4-19). This system will be accompanied by an associated/well-developed surface low and frontal system, with the
    low progged to begin occluding Day 5 over the upper Midwest region.
    The cold front is currently expected to reach the Appalachians by
    the end of Day 5 (Friday morning), and then continue eastward to the
    coast through Saturday morning.

    Once the front clears the coast, surface high pressure residing over
    the Gulf of Mexico in the wake of the front and a weaker upper
    pattern suggests a relative lull in severe potential Days 7-8 (next
    weekend).

    Meanwhile however, as the system emerges into the Plains Day 4,
    strong -- though somewhat meridional -- flow accompanying the system
    should combine with an amply moist/unstable warm sector to permit
    storm development, within a zone of ascent focused near the
    low/front. Though models differ somewhat with respect to the
    position of the surface low, a somewhat bi-modal risk may evolve --
    with one relative maximum near and ahead of the surface low where
    directional shear should be greatest (currently expected in the
    vicinity of Iowa), and a second from the southern Plains eastward
    into the Ozarks/Arklatex where the most substantial CAPE should
    evolve. Large hail and damaging winds are expected, along with some
    tornado risk -- especially nearer the surface low/warm front.

    As widespread convection develops through the overnight hours, and
    shifts eastward, a more complex forecast becomes apparent due to the
    effects of the precipitation and associated cloud cover an
    warm-sector destabilization for Day 5 -- and similarly for Day 6 as
    the expansive area of convection continues advancing eastward toward
    the Atlantic Coast. While details with respect to severe risk are
    therefore difficult to highlight this far in advance, large 15% risk
    areas will be maintained, given the strength of the upper system
    which will provide a kinematic field favorable for severe storms
    atop a warm/moist pre-frontal airmass.

    ..Goss.. 04/14/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 15, 2019 09:00:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 150900
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 150859

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0359 AM CDT Mon Apr 15 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 231200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Medium-range models are in reasonable agreement through roughly Day
    6 (Saturday 4-20), across the U.S., beyond which time divergence in
    model solutions increases. As such, predictability of the pattern
    appears to become an issue through the latter stages of the period.

    Early in the period, a large upper trough residing over the central
    U.S. at the start of the Day 4 (Thursday 4-18) period will shift
    gradually eastward across the eastern half of the country. The
    trough is progged to evolve into a closed low Day 5 (Friday 4-19),
    as it shifts east of the Mississippi River across the Ohio and
    Tennessee Valleys and central Gulf Coast states, and then should
    cross the mountains into the eastern states Day 6.

    Ahead of the deepening trough/low, a cold front will move across the Mississippi River into the Midwest/Mid South/central Gulf Coast
    states Thursday. Widespread convection (and associated cloud cover) accompanying the system should hinder heating/destabilization in
    many areas. However, strong flow aloft should compensate somewhat
    -- permitting locally strong/severe storms to occur, along with an
    afternoon peak in severe weather potential. Friday, as the front
    crosses the Appalachians and then the East Coast states, a similar
    scenario should evolve -- with widespread precipitation hindering destabilization in many areas, but shear supporting severe risk with
    any stronger storms. With the front expected to have moved offshore
    by early Saturday morning, no severe weather areas are forecast.

    ..Goss.. 04/15/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 16, 2019 08:34:54
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    ACUS48 KWNS 160834
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 160833

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0333 AM CDT Tue Apr 16 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 241200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Deep upper trough is expected to progress from the MS Valley
    eastward to the Appalachians while maturing on D4/Friday. This deepening/maturation will support a strengthening of the already
    strong mid-level flow through the southern and eastern periphery of
    upper trough. Guidance is in good agreement that 500-mb flow over
    100 kt will spread over the Carolinas late D4/Friday and early
    D5/Saturday. This dynamically favorable environment will be
    countered somewhat by the limited instability fostered by tempered
    daytime heating and warm temperatures aloft. Occasional severe
    thunderstorms still appear possible and a 15% outlook area will be
    maintained for this outlook. A refining of this risk area is likely
    in subsequent outlooks.

    Stable conditions are anticipated on D5/Saturday. Medium-range
    guidance suggests another shortwave trough will move across the
    Plains D6/Sunday or D7/Monday. However, differences within the
    guidance (primarily with the speed of the system) result in low
    forecast confidence after D5/Saturday.

    ..Mosier.. 04/16/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 17, 2019 08:57:33
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    ACUS48 KWNS 170857
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 170856

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0356 AM CDT Wed Apr 17 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 251200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Mature mid-latitude cyclone is expected to gradually move
    northeastward from the southern Appalachians into the Northeast on
    D4/Saturday with stable conditions prevailing across the majority of
    the CONUS in its wake.

    Moisture return is expected across the southern Plains on
    D4/Saturday and D5/Sunday, ahead of a cold front expected to move
    through the central Plains on D5/Sunday. Some thunderstorms are
    possible as the front interacts with this return moisture but
    uncertainties regarding coverage and intensity and the lack of
    stronger vertical shear preclude delineating an area.

    Variance within the medium-range guidance limits forecast confidence
    after D5/Sunday.

    ..Mosier.. 04/17/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 18, 2019 08:42:41
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    ACUS48 KWNS 180842
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 180841

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0341 AM CDT Thu Apr 18 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 261200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Mature mid-latitude cyclone will move off the Northeast coast on
    D4/Sunday with shortwave ridging expected in its wake across the
    eastern CONUS. Farther west, medium-range guidance suggests broad
    upper troughing will slowly move across the western CONUS and into
    the Plains from D4/Sunday to D7/Wednesday. Preceding moisture return
    will result in an environment favorable for thunderstorms across
    portions of the central and southern Plains, particularly on
    D5/Monday. Some severe thunderstorms are possible but the lack of
    better moisture return and relatively modest flow aloft are expected
    to temper the overall severe coverage and potential.

    ..Mosier.. 04/18/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 19, 2019 08:46:54
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    ------------=_1555663620-1967-1049
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    ACUS48 KWNS 190846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 190845

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0345 AM CDT Fri Apr 19 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 271200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Monday/Day 4 and Tuesday/Day 5...
    On Monday, the medium range models including the ECMWF, GFS,
    Canadian and UKMET move an upper-level trough across the western
    states and have an upper-level ridge in the east. Southwest
    mid-level flow is forecast in the southern and central Plains with a
    corridor of maximized low-level moisture located from east Texas north-northeastward into the mid to upper Mississippi Valley. The
    models suggest that thunderstorms will be possible along the
    northwestern edge of the moist sector but uncertainty is substantial
    concerning the magnitude of moisture and instability. Although a
    severe threat will be possible, predictability is too low for an
    outlook area.

    On Tuesday, the models move a cold front southward into the southern
    Plains extending east-northeastward into the Ohio Valley and
    Northeast. Thunderstorms will be possible along parts of the front
    Tuesday afternoon. The best chance for an isolated severe threat
    would be in the southern Plains where several solutions suggest
    surface dewpoints will be in the 60s F. Uncertainty is again
    substantial concerning the finer-scale details on Tuesday.

    ...Wednesday/Day 6 to Friday/Day 8...
    The models diverge somewhat on Wednesday concerning the position of
    an upper-level trough across the southern tier of the U.S. However,
    the ECMWF and GFS solutions are in agreement that a moist and
    unstable airmass will be in place across south Texas Wednesday
    afternoon. Strong deep-layer shear and moderate instability is
    forecast with convective potential. For this reason, it appears that
    a severe threat could develop across parts of south Texas Wednesday
    afternoon and evening. At this point, would like to see more run to
    run consistency before adding a severe threat area.

    On Thursday and Friday, the models move an upper-level trough across
    the southern U.S. but differ on the speed and timing of the system.
    The magnitude of instability ahead of the system is also in
    question. If a moderately unstable airmass develops across the Gulf
    Coast areas on Thursday and Friday, then a severe threat would be
    possible ahead of the upper-level trough. At this point,
    predictability remains too low to add a severe threat area.

    ..Broyles.. 04/19/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 20, 2019 08:56:30
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    ACUS48 KWNS 200856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 200855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Sat Apr 20 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 281200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Tuesday/Day 4 and Wednesday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models are in reasonable agreement on Tuesday,
    moving an upper-level trough across the southwestern states.
    Southwest mid-level flow is in place in the Southern Plains. The
    models are forecasting a front to be located in north-central Texas,
    along which thunderstorms could develop on Tuesday afternoon. An
    isolated severe threat would be possible during the late afternoon
    and early evening but the front position and magnitude of
    instability is too uncertain to add a severe threat area.

    On Wednesday, the models move the upper-level trough into the
    southern Plains and have a moist airmass in place from the Texas
    Coastal Plains northeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley.
    Thunderstorm development will be possible ahead of a front across
    the eastern third of Texas northeastward into the Arklatex.
    Deep-layer shear is forecast to be strong enough across
    south-central and southeast Texas for a severe threat Wednesday
    afternoon and evening. The models are in good enough agreement that
    a severe threat areas has been added across this area on Day 5.

    ...Thursday/day 6 to Saturday/Day 8...
    The medium-range models move the upper-level trough into the central
    Gulf Coast States on Thursday as a front moves eastward into the
    lower Mississippi Valley. Thunderstorms will be possible along and
    ahead of the front across Louisiana and the southern half of
    Mississippi where a severe threat could develop. However,
    uncertainty exists concerning the magnitude of instability that will
    be in place and exact timing of the upper-level trough. For this
    reason, an area will not be added at this time.

    For Friday, model solutions strongly diverge at the mid-levels. At
    the surface, the models drive the cold front eastward to the
    Atlantic Coast and have a large high pressure area moving in behind
    the front. On Saturday, the models maintain high pressure across
    much of the eastern half of the nation. Thunderstorm development
    would be possible around the periphery of any high pressure system. Predictability concerning this possibility is quite low attm.

    ..Broyles.. 04/20/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 21, 2019 08:46:09
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    ACUS48 KWNS 210846
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 210844

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0344 AM CDT Sun Apr 21 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 291200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Wednesday/Day 4 and Thursday/Day 5...
    On Wednesday, the medium-range models move an upper-level low east-northeastward into west Texas as a mid-level jet rounds the
    base of the trough. At the surface, a moist airmass is forecast
    across the Texas Coastal Plains where moderate instability should be
    in place by afternoon. This combined with moderate to strong
    deep-layer shear, associated with the mid-level jet, will make
    severe thunderstorm development possible in south-central and
    southeast Texas. For this outlook, the 15 percent contour in this
    area has been maintained for Wednesday.

    On Thursday, the models including the ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian
    are in reasonable agreement, moving the upper-level low eastward
    into the Arklatex. Ahead of the system, a moist airmass is forecast
    across the lower Mississippi Valley where a potential for severe
    storms will exist. However, deep-layer shear is forecast to be on
    the weak side which introduces too much uncertainty to introduce a
    slight risk at this time.

    ...Friday/Day 6 to Sunday/Day 8...
    The models move the upper-level system eastward into the eastern
    Gulf Coast states on Friday but deamplify the wave some. A moist and
    unstable airmass may be in place ahead of the system but the models
    differ on the timing of the upper-level trough and magnitude of
    instability. For this reason, predictability is too low on Friday
    for a severe threat area.

    For Saturday and Sunday, the models diverge sharply in their
    solutions. There appears to be potential for moisture return into
    the Great Plains but again, the models show large differences. For
    this reason, will maintain predictability too low for late in the
    period.

    ..Broyles.. 04/21/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 22, 2019 08:50:19
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 220850
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 220848

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0348 AM CDT Mon Apr 22 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 301200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Thursday/Day 4 to Friday/Day 5...
    On Thursday, an upper-level trough is forecast to move from the
    southern Plains into the Arklatex with a cold front moving eastward
    across the western Gulf Coast States. Thunderstorms are forecast
    ahead of the front in the lower Mississippi Valley. Moderate
    instability and deep-layer shear should be sufficient for a severe
    threat. The timing of the upper-level trough and magnitude of
    instability suggest that there is some uncertainty for Thursday.

    On Friday, the upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward to
    the eastern Seaboard with the cold front advancing to the eastern
    Gulf Coast States. Moderate instability and deep-layer shear are
    forecast across the southern half of the Florida Peninsula where an
    isolated severe threat will be possible. Timing issues with the
    upper-level trough make uncertainty too great to add a severe threat
    area at this time.

    ...Saturday/Day 6 to Monday/Day 8...
    From Saturday into Sunday, the medium-range models move a shortwave
    trough eastward into the Mississippi Valley and develop an
    upper-level ridge across the southern and central Plains. Moisture
    return is forecast to take place across the Great Plains where
    thunderstorm development will be possible each day. The greatest
    chance for a severe threat appears to be on Monday across Kansas and
    southern Nebraska. Even so, model differences introduce a lot of
    uncertainty so will maintain predictability too low.

    On Monday, large model spreads suggest that predictability will be
    very low late in the day 4 to 8 period.

    ..Broyles.. 04/22/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 23, 2019 07:52:55
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    ACUS48 KWNS 230752
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 230751

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0251 AM CDT Tue Apr 23 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 011200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Friday/Day 4 and Saturday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models move an upper-level trough across the
    eastern Seaboard on Friday. A moist airmass is forecast across the
    Florida Peninsula where strong thunderstorm development will be
    possible along a cold front. Although instability and deep-layer
    shear are forecast to be sufficient for a severe threat, questions
    remain concerning the timing of the front and the amount of
    instability ahead of the front.

    On Saturday, the models are forecasting west-northwest mid-level
    flow across much of the CONUS. The ECMWF and GFS solutions move a
    shortwave trough eastward across the north-central U.S, although
    with different timing and amplification. Moisture is forecast to
    return northward into the southern Plains where a severe threat
    would be possible. But the airmass will probably be capped for much
    of the day suggesting any severe threat would be isolated.

    ...Sunday/Day 6 to Tuesday/Day 8...
    On Sunday, the model solutions diverge at the mid-levels but
    continue to have a moist and unstable airmas in the southern and
    central Plains. Both the ECMWF and GFS models show convective
    potential Sunday afternoon and evening from southeast Nebraska
    southward across central and eastern Kansas, where strong deep-layer
    shear and moderate instability is forecast. At this point, would
    like to see more run to run consistency before adding a severe
    threat area to the central Plains on Sunday.

    On Monday and Tuesday, the models continue to show a moist airmass
    in place across the southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley.
    Thunderstorms would be most likely along the northern edge of the
    moist sector. However, the models are not in good agreement during
    this period suggesting predictability is too low for a severe threat
    area.

    ..Broyles.. 04/23/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 24, 2019 08:57:03
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    ------------=_1556096227-1967-3266
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    ACUS48 KWNS 240856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 240855

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0355 AM CDT Wed Apr 24 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 021200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Saturday/Day 4 and Sunday/Day 5...
    On Saturday, the medium-range models move a shortwave trough across
    the Upper Midwest with a cold front advancing southeastward into the
    Southern Plains and Ozarks. Thunderstorms should develop along the
    front during the afternoon and evening ahead of a pocket of moderate instability. The forecast deep-layer appears strong enough for a
    severe threat. However, a capping inversion, evident on forecast
    soundings, would likely keep convective coverage too isolated to
    warrant issuing a severe threat area.

    On Sunday, the ECMWF is the more aggressive solution, moving a
    shortwave trough across the central Plains. Severe thunderstorms
    would be possible ahead of the shortwave trough in parts of Kansas
    and Missouri due to moderate instability and deep-layer shear.
    However, other medium-range models do not show this potential,
    keeping the stronger instability over the southern Plains. Because
    of this difference, predictability remains low for Sunday.

    ...Monday/Day 6 to Wednesday/Day 8...
    For Monday, the models develop an upper-level ridge across the
    central U.S. with the moist sector located in the southern Plains. Thunderstorms associated with a severe threat would be possible in
    parts of the southern Plains where instability becomes maximized. At
    this point, the spread in the models is substantial concerning the
    exact location of the instability axis so will go predictability too
    low.

    The model spread for Tuesday and Wednesday continues to be large
    with no discernible system moving across the CONUS. There could be
    an area of maximized instability in the Southern Plains where a
    severe threat would be possible but uncertainty is still
    considerable late in the Day 4 to 8 period.

    ..Broyles.. 04/24/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 25, 2019 08:52:41
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    ------------=_1556182367-1967-3587
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    ACUS48 KWNS 250852
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 250851

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0351 AM CDT Thu Apr 25 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 031200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    ...Sunday/Day 4 and Monday/Day 5...
    The medium-range models have westerly mid-level flow across much of
    the CONUS on Sunday. The ECMWF, GFS, UKMET and Canadian solutions
    move a shortwave trough across High Plains. The models are in
    general agreement with an area of maximized low-level moisture and
    instability over Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. A severe threat will be
    possible across parts of Oklahoma and Kansas where moderate
    deep-layer shear and steep mid-level lapse rates are forecast. The
    ECMWF is less aggressive concerning this scenario, keeping most of
    the convective potential during the overnight period Sunday night.
    For this reason, will not introduce a severe threat area at this
    time.

    On Monday, the models develop southwest mid-level flow across the
    southern Plains where a moist and unstable airmass is forecast.
    Thunderstorms will be possible across parts of Texas and Oklahoma
    Monday afternoon associated with any minor perturbation in the flow.
    Strong deep-layer shear and moderate instability should be favorable
    for a severe threat in parts of the southern High Plains. Although
    the models show some agreement, anticyclonic curvature in the
    mid-level flow pattern introduces uncertainty to this forecast. For
    this reason, will maintain predictability too low for Monday.

    ...Tuesday/Day 6 to Thursday/Day 8...
    On Tuesday, a shortwave trough is forecast to move northeastward
    into the southern Plains over a moist and unstable airmass. Ahead of
    the system, a pronounced low-level jet is forecast to develop. This
    combined with moderate to strong deep-layer shear will be favorable
    for a severe threat Tuesday afternoon across parts of Texas and
    Oklahoma. The setup for Tuesday involves a well-defined shortwave
    trough with a low to mid-level jet couplet, which would be favorable
    for a significant severe threat over the warm sector. For this
    reason, will add a 15 percent contour area in the southern Plains
    for Tuesday.

    The models move an upper-level trough across the western and central
    U.S. on Wednesday and Thursday with a cold front advancing
    southeastward across the Great Plains and mid to upper Mississippi
    Valley. A corridor of moderate instability, coincident with moderate
    to strong deep-layer shear, is forecast ahead of the front which
    will be conducive for severe thunderstorms each afternoon and
    evening. At this point, model forecasts have large differences in
    the timing of the front and position of the strongest instability.
    For this reason, will go predictability too low on Wednesday and
    Thursday.

    ..Broyles.. 04/25/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 26, 2019 09:06:53
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    ------------=_1556269615-1967-3994
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    ACUS48 KWNS 260906
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 260905

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0405 AM CDT Fri Apr 26 2019

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A relatively active period for severe thunderstorms is expected to
    close out April and begin May, particularly across the southern
    Plains including Texas and Oklahoma toward the ArkLaTex region and
    Ozarks. Day-to-day risks for severe thunderstorms (generally at
    least Slight Risk caliber) can be expected through the early/middle
    part of next week, although predictability in daily details remains
    modest owing to mesoscale uncertainties.

    Initially for Day 4/Monday, the 00Z Euro consistently remains slower
    that guidance such as 00Z GFS/UKMET regarding the northeastward
    ejection of a trough over the southern Rockies, which has
    ramifications as far as uncertainty regarding the diurnal vs.
    nocturnal extent of the severe risk. At the very least, some severe
    potential will likely exist by Monday night from eastern New Mexico
    into west/northwest Texas and southwest Oklahoma as storms increase
    near a wavy front across the region.

    For Day 5/Monday, as the southern-stream shortwave trough continues
    its northeastward progression over the southern Plains, it will
    intercept a moist and unstable air mass. There are some indications
    that plentiful early-day storms will be ongoing across parts of the
    region, but at the very least, severe thunderstorm potential will
    exist on the south/east fringes of these early-day storms.
    Accordingly, will maintain Tuesday's risk area particularly across
    north Texas and southern/eastern Oklahoma toward the ArkLaTex
    region.

    For Day 6/Wednesday and Day 7/Thursday, severe thunderstorms will
    remain probable particularly across portions of Texas possibly into
    southern Oklahoma along/south of the convectively influenced front.
    However, will defer specific daily outlook areas to future outlooks
    owing to various forecast uncertainties.

    ..Guyer.. 04/26/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 26, 2019 12:07:52
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    ------------=_1556280476-1967-4018
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    ACUS48 KWNS 261207
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 261206

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0706 AM CDT Fri Apr 26 2019

    Valid 291200Z - 041200Z

    CORRECTED FOR DAY OF WEEK

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A relatively active period for severe thunderstorms is expected to
    close out April and begin May, particularly across the southern
    Plains including Texas and Oklahoma toward the ArkLaTex region and
    Ozarks. Day-to-day risks for severe thunderstorms (generally at
    least Slight Risk caliber) can be expected through the early/middle
    part of next week, although predictability in daily details remains
    modest owing to mesoscale uncertainties.

    Initially for Day 4/Monday, the 00Z Euro consistently remains slower
    that guidance such as 00Z GFS/UKMET regarding the northeastward
    ejection of a trough over the southern Rockies, which has
    ramifications as far as uncertainty regarding the diurnal vs.
    nocturnal extent of the severe risk. At the very least, some severe
    potential will likely exist by Monday night from eastern New Mexico
    into west/northwest Texas and southwest Oklahoma as storms increase
    near a wavy front across the region.

    For Day 5/Tuesday, as the southern-stream shortwave trough continues
    its northeastward progression over the southern Plains, it will
    intercept a moist and unstable air mass. There are some indications
    that plentiful early-day storms will be ongoing across parts of the
    region, but at the very least, severe thunderstorm potential will
    exist on the south/east fringes of these early-day storms.
    Accordingly, will maintain Tuesday's risk area particularly across
    north Texas and southern/eastern Oklahoma toward the ArkLaTex
    region.

    For Day 6/Wednesday and Day 7/Thursday, severe thunderstorms will
    remain probable particularly across portions of Texas possibly into
    southern Oklahoma along/south of the convectively influenced front.
    However, will defer specific daily outlook areas to future outlooks
    owing to various forecast uncertainties.

    ..Guyer.. 04/26/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 28, 2019 08:49:34
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    ACUS48 KWNS 280849
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 280847

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0347 AM CDT Sun Apr 28 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 061200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    It appears that large-scale mid-level troughing may linger across
    much of the intermountain region and Rockies into the middle of the
    coming work week, before at least one significant perturbation
    emerging from it accelerates across parts of the northern and
    central Plains into the Upper Midwest. It is possible that this
    could be accompanied by considerable vigorous thunderstorm
    development along/east and south of a dryline and surface frontal
    zone across the southern and central Plains into the middle
    Mississippi and Ohio Valleys on Wednesday, which may spread across
    parts of the Ohio Valley and northern Mid Atlantic Coast region on
    Thursday. However, the extent of any associated severe weather
    potential remains unclear, and may largely depend on the evolution
    of preceding day's convection, the predictability of which, at this
    time, remains relatively low.

    Thereafter, late this week through next weekend, stronger mid/upper
    flow may become more confined to a zonal regime across the northern
    tier of the U.S., where instability may remain too weak to support
    much more than relatively minor severe thunderstorm potential.

    ..Kerr.. 04/28/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 30, 2019 08:36:49
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    ------------=_1556613414-1967-6047
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    ACUS48 KWNS 300836
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 300835

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0335 AM CDT Tue Apr 30 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 081200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Blocking appears likely to remain prominent within the westerlies
    across the mid-latitude eastern Pacific through this period, with
    downstream flow across much of the U.S. becoming broadly confluent
    late this week into next weekend. Guidance remains suggestive that
    this regime may maintain relatively low probabilities for extensive,
    organized severe weather potential until at least early next week,
    when it appears possible that the remnants of a mid-level closed low
    and associated larger-scale southern branch troughing may migrate
    inland of the southern California/northern Baja Pacific coast. This
    could be accompanied by increasing convective potential,
    particularly across portions of the central and southern Plains, but
    due to discrepancies evident in model output, among other
    uncertainties at this extended range, severe probabilities remain
    below 15 percent.

    ..Kerr.. 04/30/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 01, 2019 08:56:25
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    ------------=_1556700987-1967-6689
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    ACUS48 KWNS 010856
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 010854

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0354 AM CDT Wed May 01 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 091200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range guidance appears increasingly suggestive that
    troughing within a branch of westerlies across the southern tier of
    the U.S. could support fairly significant cyclogenesis along a
    surface frontal zone, initially across the Tennessee Valley, then to
    the lee of the central Appalachians during the course of the coming
    weekend. However, it currently appears that the most pronounced
    strengthening of south to southwesterly lower/mid tropospheric wind
    fields may not occur until Saturday night into early Sunday,
    near/east of the central and southern Appalachians through the Mid
    Atlantic coast. Given the sub-optimal timing with regard to the
    diurnal heating cycle, and other uncertainties concerning the
    potential for appreciable destabilization, it still appears that
    severe weather potential may remain relatively low with this system.
    However, trends will need to be watched.

    Otherwise, models suggest that an initial blocking mid-level high
    over northern portions of the mid-latitude eastern Pacific may
    weaken early in the period, before upper ridging builds to the west
    of the Pacific coast once again early next week. As this occurs, it
    appears that another closed low will migrate into the Southwest,
    within amplifying larger-scale southern branch troughing, inland of
    the California coast through the southern Rockies. Any potential
    for extensive, organized severe thunderstorm development probably
    will await the gradual progression of this feature across and east
    of the southern Rockies, during the early to middle portion of next
    week.

    ..Kerr.. 05/01/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 02, 2019 08:59:31
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    ------------=_1556787573-1967-7362
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    ACUS48 KWNS 020859
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 020858

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0358 AM CDT Thu May 02 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 101200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    After some adjustment, models indicate that mid/upper flow will
    become increasingly amplified across the eastern Pacific into
    western North America during the early to middle portion of next
    week, as a more prominent blocking regime becomes reestablished
    across the mid-latitude Pacific. Downstream, it appears that a
    series of digging northern branch short wave perturbations will be
    accompanied by southward surges of seasonably cool to cold air to
    the lee of the Rockies, through the Plains, prior to the emergence
    of any significant southern branch troughing.

    Near the stalling leading edge of an initial cold surge into the
    middle Missouri Valley by next Monday, models suggest that
    destabilization associated with a southerly return flow of moisture
    ahead of a developing frontal wave may contribute to an environment
    conducive to organized severe thunderstorm development. This could
    include supercells, and the evolution of an upscale growing
    mesoscale convective system, in the presence of strengthening
    lower/mid tropospheric warm advection by Monday night.

    Thereafter, convective potential southward across the Plains and
    eastward across the Mississippi into Ohio Valleys becomes more
    unclear through the middle to latter portion of next week, due to
    the uncertain influence of extensive convective outflow and the
    southward surging cold air.

    ..Kerr.. 05/02/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 03, 2019 08:03:10
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS48 KWNS 030803
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 030801

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0301 AM CDT Fri May 03 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 111200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Latest medium-range model guidance continues to suggest a split-flow
    pattern across the CONUS that favors surface ridging across the
    Plains. 00z ECMWF aggressively drives cold air south of I-70 across
    KS into the TX south Plains during the day5 period. This strong
    frontal penetration will likely undercut an otherwise potentially
    favorable zone of large-scale forcing ahead of a southwestern US
    trough mid week. A considerable amount of convection may ultimately
    evolve along/north of the boundary, and some of this convection
    could be strong. However, the greatest risk of severe would likely
    occur south of the wind shift but the aforementioned boundary should
    be contaminated by precipitation, likely displacing the effective
    boundary and greater buoyancy. Predictability is too low to warrant
    15%, or greater, probabilities this period.

    ..Darrow.. 05/03/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 04, 2019 07:59:16
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    ------------=_1556956762-1967-8177
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    ACUS48 KWNS 040759
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 040757

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0257 AM CDT Sat May 04 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 121200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Large-scale pattern will become seasonally favorable for organized
    severe during the upcoming medium-range period. Severe
    thunderstorms, including large hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes
    are expected across a substantial portion of the CONUS during the
    day4-6 time frame.

    Latest model guidance continues to suggest a pronounced upper trough
    will eject across the lower CO River Valley into the southern
    Rockies during the day4 period...central/southern Plains day5...and
    Midwest day6. Southern extent of dominant surface anticyclone should
    stall across KS and an extensive moist warm sector is expected to
    eventually materialize across the southern Plains/lower MS Valley
    into MO ahead of this ejecting short wave. While it seems likely
    that organized severe will spread from TX to the Midwest ahead of
    this feature, it's not entirely clear of the convective evolution
    each day. Day3 TX short wave will likely induce a substantial amount
    of precipitation that could/should disrupt northward advance of
    highest PW air mass to higher latitudes. Initially, most robust
    convection will be confined to the High Plains where steep lapse
    rates will contribute greatly to buoyancy. If the short wave timing
    is accurate, a more substantial severe event could unfold day5
    across the Plains. GFS/Canadian are more aggressive with surface low development across KS than the ECMWF which is weaker with the
    surface low Wednesday. Mid-level speed max will eject into the
    Midwest Thursday along with an attendant severe threat.

    ..Darrow.. 05/04/2019


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 05, 2019 07:40:27
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    ------------=_1557042030-1967-8559
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    ACUS48 KWNS 050740
    SWOD48
    SPC AC 050738

    Day 4-8 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Sun May 05 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 131200Z

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Significant severe is expected during the first few days of the
    medium-range period.

    Models are in general agreement in regards to the evolution of a
    strong southwestern US trough as it ejects into the middle of the
    country. Strong convection will likely be noted across the southern
    Plains during the day3 period and the degree of convective
    overturning may partially influence severe development later
    Wednesday. Substantial 500mb flow/short-wave trough will eject
    across OK/north TX during the afternoon and this feature is expected
    to induce scattered severe ahead of a progressive dryline. Ample
    buoyancy, strong shear, and large-scale support suggest severe
    supercells are possible. This feature will eject into the Midwest
    later day5 and scattered severe should be noted along/ahead of a
    cold front as it surges across IL/MO/Arklatex region, ultimately
    spreading into the OH/TN Valley and Mid-South. Beyond day5, greatest
    convective threat will focus across lower latitudes where
    shear/forcing may eventually lead to robust updrafts as heights
    lower late in the period. However, predictability is a bit too low
    to warrant probs beyond day5.

    ..Darrow.. 05/05/2019


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