• DAY3SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 09, 2018 07:22:13
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Mon Apr 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible near the Pacific Northwest
    coast, primarily Wednesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Along the East Coast, cyclonic mid-level flow will gradually shift
    offshore, in conjunction with a surface high building southeast from
    the Gulf Coast to the Mid-Atlantic. While flow aloft will become
    zonal farther upstream over the central US, another amplified trough
    will spread inland over much of the West Coast during the afternoon
    and evening hours. As an attendant surface front moves inland,
    low-level lapse rates will steepen in the post-frontal air mass.
    Additionally, cold mid-level temperatures associated with the trough
    (e.g., around -30 to -34 C at 500 mb) will overspread much of the
    region. Resultant weak surface-based buoyancy will foster convection
    over coastal areas during the second half of the period, and a few
    of these cells may deepen sufficiently for isolated lightning
    strikes.

    ..Picca.. 04/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 10, 2018 07:19:21
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Tue Apr 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    A large upper trough is progged to move across the Intermountain
    west Thursday, strengthening gradually with time. By the end of the
    period, a closed low may evolve, as the trough reaches the
    Wyoming/Colorado/New Mexico vicinity.

    At the surface, an associated surface storm system/cold front will
    advance steadily eastward, with the surface cyclone emerging into
    the central Plains overnight. By the end of the period, low
    pressure is progged to reside in the vicinity of eastern Nebraska,
    with a trailing cold front extending southwestward across Oklahoma
    and western Texas.

    Showers and isolated thunderstorms are expected across portions of
    the Intermountain West as the upper trough advances. Farther east,
    expect the evolving warm sector over the Plains to remain capped,
    though some mid-level convection may evolve late in the period over
    parts of the southern Plains. North of the low/warm front, strong
    warm advection/isentropic ascent may allow elevated/late-period
    showers and a few thunderstorms to develop over portions of the
    mid-Missouri Valley and into the upper Mississippi Valley area. In
    all areas however, severe weather is not anticipated.

    ..Goss.. 04/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 11, 2018 07:30:23
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Wed Apr 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    SOUTHWEST MISSOURI VICINITY SOUTHWARD INTO NORTHEAST TEXAS AND
    NORTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
    ENHANCED RISK AREA...EXTENDING FROM PARTS OF THE MID-MISSOURI VALLEY
    TO THE WESTERN GULF COAST...

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
    ENHANCED AND SLIGHT RISKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/severe storms are expected to develop Friday afternoon and
    continue into the overnight hours -- centered over a zone extending
    from Missouri to the Sabine River Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low/trough is forecast to shift slowly eastward out of the
    Rockies and into the central and southern Plains Friday, with
    gradually strengthening ridges flanking the trough resulting in
    evolution of high-amplitude flow across the CONUS.

    At the surface, a low initially progged to lie in the southeast NE
    vicinity is expected to shift very slowly east along the IA/MO
    border area. A trailing cold front will march more quickly eastward
    across the central and southern Plains, and is expected to reach the
    middle and lower Mississippi Valley region by the end of the period.

    ...Portions of Iowa southward to east Texas/Louisiana...
    Northward return of low-level Gulf moisture across the south-central
    U.S. combined with gradual mid-level cooling ahead of the
    approaching upper trough will allow marked diurnal warm-sector
    destabilization. With around 1000 J/kg mixed-layer CAPE progged to
    evolve immediately ahead of the front from southwest Iowa southward
    to eastern Oklahoma, and up to 2000 J/kg southward into parts of
    east Texas and western Louisiana, vigorous afternoon thunderstorm
    development is expected.

    Initial storm mode will likely be supercellular, with
    veering/rapidly increasing flow with height supporting locally
    intense updrafts. Large hail and locally damaging winds, and
    possibly a few tornadoes, can be expected near and ahead of the
    front in a north-south zone. With time, upscale growth of
    convection is expected -- mainly from the Ozarks area southward
    where a more moist/unstable airmass supports widespread convection
    through the evening and overnight. While storms/severe risk will
    likely wane over northern portions of the outlook area during the
    evening, at least some degree of all-hazard severe risk should
    linger into the overnight hours from Arkansas into east Texas and
    Louisiana.

    ..Goss.. 04/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 12, 2018 07:28:29
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Thu Apr 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    ALABAMA SOUTHWARD TO EASTERN LOUISIANA...SOUTHEAST MISSISSIPPI...THE
    ALABAMA COAST...AND FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MID SOUTH
    SOUTHWARD TO THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
    SLIGHT AND ENHANCED RISKS...AND EXTENDING NORTH INTO THE OHIO VALLEY
    AREA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms are expected across the Mid South and
    central Gulf Coast regions Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Continued slow eastward progression of the central U.S. upper
    low/trough is expected Saturday, with the trough acquiring a more
    neutral to perhaps slightly negative tilt with time. Meanwhile,
    ridging on either side of the trough will prevail over the East and
    the West, though the next/northeast Pacific upper trough will
    approach the Pacific Northwest by Sunday morning.

    At the surface, an occluded low will shift gradually across the
    mid-Mississippi Valley and into the Midwest with time, while a
    trailing cold front sweeps across the Mid South and central Gulf
    Coast states through 15/12Z. A zone of strong/severe storms is
    expected to accompany the advance of the surface boundary.

    ...Mid South/Tennessee Valley into the central Gulf Coast states...
    Widespread showers and thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing over
    western fringes of the outlook area Saturday morning. The
    associated cloud cover casts some uncertainty with respect to degree
    of warm-sector destabilization which will be possible downstream.
    Greatest CAPE will likely evolve from central Alabama south to the
    central Gulf Coast, as southwest flow aloft should carry thicker
    cloud debris across the Tennessee Valley region.

    As the airmass destabilizes, expect reintensification of storms
    near/ahead of the advancing front, with organization aided by strong
    low- to mid-level flow likely to exceed 50 to 60 kt in the 850 to
    500 mb layer over portions of the Alabama vicinity by late
    afternoon. While somewhat unidirectional/southerly flow should
    limit low-level shear to some degree, and roughly front-parallel
    flow and linear frontal forcing suggests linear storm mode, damaging
    winds can be expected with passage of the frontal storm band. Hail
    -- and a tornado or two -- will also be possible, particularly with
    southward extent. A gradual decrease in storm intensity/severe risk
    should commence later in the evening, as convection reaches the
    southern Appalachians and Florida Panhandle.

    ...Midwest/Ohio Valley...
    A highly conditional severe risk may extend north across the Ohio
    Valley into parts of the Illinois/Indiana vicinity, as the occluded
    low/front shift eastward across this region. If ample heating
    beneath steep mid-level lapse rates can occur, low-topped storms may
    evolve, within an area of ample shear. Though this scenario is
    quite uncertain at best, potential for a very isolated, strongly
    diurnal, all-hazards risk deserves mention at this time.

    ..Goss.. 04/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 13, 2018 07:03:59
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130703
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Fri Apr 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHEAST...

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING NORTH
    INTO THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms, some severe, will spread across the Southeast
    and parts of the Middle Atlantic Sunday.

    ...Discussion...

    Significant large-scale forcing is expected to spread across
    portions of the Southeast and Middle Atlantic region during the day3
    period as strong mid-level flow translates into this region. Latest
    model guidance suggest a pronounced surface front will surge into
    GA/FL Panhandle early in the period then into the lee of the
    Appalachians Sunday evening. Frontal forcing is expected to aid a
    significant squall line along the wind shift as it advances east,
    aided by mid-level height falls. Strong shear profiles will support
    organized updrafts but the primary storm mode should be linear due
    to frontal forcing. Greatest buoyancy is expected to extend as far
    north as southern GA into coastal SC and there is some concern that
    a few discrete storms could evolve ahead of the front across this
    region. Have focused 15% severe probs for areas of potentially more
    instability where isolated supercells may evolve in addition to a
    linear MCS. Farther north across the Middle Atlantic, low severe
    probs should suffice where forecast buoyancy is expected to be
    considerably weaker. Even so, a strongly sheared forced squall line
    should advance across portions of NC/VA. Damaging winds are the
    primary threat with this convection.

    ..Darrow.. 04/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 14, 2018 06:33:30
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140633
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140632

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0132 AM CDT Sat Apr 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strikes of lightning may accompany convection across portions
    of the Northeast early in the period. Isolated thunderstorms may
    also be noted across parts of the western United States.

    ...Northeastern US...

    Strong, negatively-tilted short-wave trough will eject into southern
    New England late in the period. In response to this feature, a weak
    surface low is expected to track across the Delmarva into southern
    New England which should allow a modified air mass to advance inland
    across CT/RI/MA. Strong warm advection ahead of the short wave is
    expected to aid elevated convection across this region where
    forecast soundings exhibit weak buoyancy. Isolated lightning may be
    noted with this activity.

    ...Western US...

    High-level diffluent flow will overspread much of the western US
    during the day3 period as a strong trough progresses inland by
    17/00z. Very cold mid-level temperatures (<-30C @ 500mb) will
    contribute to weak buoyancy within the trough north of the main jet.
    Any diurnal heating should aid scattered convection, possibly deep
    enough for lightning discharge.

    ..Darrow.. 04/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 15, 2018 06:25:30
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150625
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150624

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 AM CDT Sun Apr 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible from the central Rockies into Iowa
    Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...

    Strong mid-level speed max will translate across the lower CO River
    Valley into KS Tuesday night. In response to this feature a surface
    low will develop in the lee of the central Rockies then track into
    southwest IA by 18/12z. Cold mid-level temperatures/steep lapse
    rates are expected to spread across CO into IA which should result
    in weak instability north of the aforementioned speed max. While
    moisture will be somewhat limited ahead of the short wave, it
    appears weak convection/isolated lightning should develop north of
    the low track where warm advection will aid UVV.

    ..Darrow.. 04/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 16, 2018 06:30:04
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160629
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160628

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 AM CDT Mon Apr 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm threat is negligible Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...

    Large-scale pattern will prove unfavorable for severe thunderstorms
    Wednesday as seasonally low moisture and only pockets of meager
    instability are expected across the contiguous US.

    One area where a few thunderstorms may develop is over portions of
    the Midwest. Large-scale ascent ahead of a strong short-wave trough
    is expected to aid elevated convection, some of which could produce
    a few lightning strikes.

    Another region where isolated storms could evolve is across parts of
    eastern OR. Cold mid-level temperatures will spread into this region
    as a notable trough digs into northern CA. Diurnal heating will
    steepen lapse rates such that scattered convection is expected to
    develop, along with a few thunderstorms.

    ..Darrow.. 04/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 06:49:38
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170649
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170648

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0148 AM CDT Tue Apr 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS FAR WEST
    TX AND EXTREME SOUTHERN NM...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong thunderstorms may form across far west Texas and
    southern New Mexico late Thursday.

    ...NM/West TX...

    Strong mid-level jet is forecast to translate into the lower CO
    River Valley early in the day3 period before spreading into the
    southern Rockies Thursday night. This low latitude feature is a bit
    slower than earlier guidance suggested and low-level trajectories
    across the western Gulf Basin favor more significant moistening
    along the lower Rio Grande Valley into far west TX, and perhaps
    extreme southern NM late in the period. It appears near-50 surface
    dew points could advect into extreme southern NM by 20/00z as
    afternoon temperatures warm into the upper 70s to near 80. Forecast
    sounding at EPZ at 20/00z suggests steep low-level lapse rates and
    temperatures near 80 will be adequate for isolated high-based
    convection to evolve within an increasingly sheared environment.
    While this late afternoon convection may only produce gusty winds,
    or perhaps marginally severe hail, stronger height falls during the
    latter half of the period will spread across NM into far west TX.
    Subsequent large-scale ascent could aid strong elevated
    thunderstorms after midnight along the nose of strong southeasterly
    LLJ. Hail would be the primary severe threat with this overnight
    activity.

    ..Darrow.. 04/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 18, 2018 07:04:39
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180704

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Wed Apr 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    FAR WEST TX...

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
    SLGT RISK INTO PORTIONS OF SOUTHEAST NM...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected across the southern High Plains
    to the Big Bend region of west Texas. A few storms may produce large
    hail and damaging winds.

    ...West Texas Region...

    Strong upper trough will migrate across the southwestern US Friday
    with significant height falls expected to spread across NM into
    portions of west TX. Downstream ridging will be stubborn to shift
    east and this should delay the return of higher-PW air mass into the
    southern High Plains/west TX region. Even so, a narrow corridor of
    modified moisture is expected to advance northwest along the Rio
    Grande River into extreme southeast NM. Models suggest strong
    boundary-layer heating will be noted across northern Mexico/far west
    TX into portions of southern NM. As a result, extreme western fringe
    of aforementioned moisture surge should destabilize sufficiently for
    a few strong storms, most likely across the Big Bend region.
    Large-scale forcing for ascent should aid convective development
    across much of the southern High Plains but air-mass destabilization
    will be negated by cool southeasterly flow. For these reasons have
    lowered severe probs a bit across regions where clouds/precip are
    expected to inhibit destabilization.

    ..Darrow.. 04/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 19, 2018 07:03:43
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190703
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190702

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 AM CDT Thu Apr 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL TX
    TO SOUTHERN LA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong/severe thunderstorms are possible across portions
    of Texas into southern Louisiana Saturday.

    ...TX/LA...

    Strong upper trough will migrate across the southwestern US late
    this week before shifting into TX Saturday. As downstream upper
    ridge shifts into the MS Valley low-level trajectories will become
    more favorable for moisture to advance inland across southern into
    central TX. Latest NAM guidance is the most aggressive with
    continental air mass remaining wedged into portions of the southern
    Plains. There is some concern this scenario may be correct given the
    amount of convection that should evolve within the warm advection
    zone. Most model guidance suggests one or more inches of rain may
    fall from northwest TX into OK and this should suppress the boundary
    into central TX. Ultimately a weak surface wave/low may develop
    along the wind shift before tracking into LA during the overnight
    hours. While low-level moisture is expected to increase considerably
    across the warm sector (mid 60s dew points), forecast buoyancy is
    not particularly high across this region. Thermodynamic environment
    will be somewhat meager for robust updrafts but a strong mid-level
    jet will translate across south-central TX into LA late in the
    period, along with substantial height falls. Widespread convection
    will evolve north of the warm front but the greatest risk for severe
    will be with any storms that develop ahead of the surface wave.
    Given the uncertainty in instability 5% severe probs will be issued
    from central TX into coastal LA. However, strength of wind fields do
    warrant consideration for a potential upgrade if instability
    ultimately is greater than currently forecast.

    ..Darrow.. 04/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 20, 2018 07:15:19
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200715
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200714

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 AM CDT Fri Apr 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    AL/SOUTHEAST LA EASTWARD THROUGH THE FL PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the
    Southeast states and Florida Panhandle.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will continue eastward through the Lower MS Valley and
    into the Southeast states on Sunday. A weak surface low will move eastward/southeastward just ahead of this upper low, likely tracking
    generally southeastward along a warm front. By 12Z Monday, this
    surface low is expected to be centered over southeast AL, with a
    cold front extending southward into the Gulf of Mexico and a warm
    front extending southeastward into the FL Big Bend.

    ...Eastern LA into FL Panhandle/Big Bend...
    Modest destabilization is anticipated within the warm sector ahead
    of the surface low. More robust destabilization will be tempered by
    widespread cloudiness but continued moisture advection will likely
    result in dewpoints in the low to mid 60s and MLCAPE around 500
    J/kg. The position of the warm front has varied within the guidance
    over the last few runs and the current expectation is for the front
    to extend from near MEI southeastward to near AAF at 21Z Sunday.
    Despite modest instability, strong shear supports the potential for
    a few organized storms along and south of the warm front during the
    afternoon. A more developed convective line is possible over the
    north-central Gulf as the cold front moves through the area. This
    line could impact the FL Big Bend very late in the period. Marginal
    severe probability (i.e. 5%) has been introduced across these areas. Uncertainty and generally modest severe potential preclude higher
    probabilities with this outlook.

    ..Mosier.. 04/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 21, 2018 07:02:23
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    ------------=_1524294148-23415-734
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210702
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210701

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0201 AM CDT Sat Apr 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible Monday from the Tennessee Valley through
    the Florida Peninsula. Isolated thunderstorms are also possible
    across the central High Plains. No severe weather is currently
    expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mature cyclone likely centered near the MS/AL/TN border intersection
    at the beginning of the period is expected to only move slightly
    northward throughout the day. Occluded surface low associated with
    this cyclone will remain largely in place while a weak triple-point
    low drifts eastward across southern AL and into southeastern SC.
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    along and north of the occluded front between these two lows as well
    as along the surface trough extending southwestward from the more
    southern low. Convection on the surface trough will likely gradually
    weaken as it becomes increasingly displaced from the parent system
    amidst only modest instability. Strong low-level flow is possible
    across portions of eastern GA and southeastern SC but, given the
    anticipated frontal position and moist, weak lapse rate profiles
    over the area, any thunderstorms in this region will be likely
    elevated and weak.

    Farther west, a strong shortwave trough will move slowly from the
    northern Rockies into the central Rockies. Progression of this
    shortwave (as well as an attendant surface low) will encourage a
    southeastward surge of cold air from the northern Rockies/northern
    High Plains. Airmass ahead of this front will be relatively dry but
    a warm and deeply mixed boundary layer will likely still support
    modest destabilization and the potential for isolated thunderstorms
    as the cold front moves through.

    ..Mosier.. 04/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 22, 2018 07:28:54
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    ------------=_1524382140-23415-980
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Sun Apr 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across portions of the southern Plains as
    well as the Mid-Atlantic states and Florida Peninsula.

    ...Discussion...
    A shortwave trough is expected to progress southeastward from the
    central High Plains into the central/southern Plains. The movement
    of this shortwave will encourage a southward surge of a cold
    continental airmass into the southern Plains. Airmass ahead of the
    front isn't expected to be particularly moist but enough instability
    will likely exist to support thunderstorms. The stronger flow aloft
    will lag behind the front and the current prospects for severe
    thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening are low. Elevated
    thunderstorms may develop overnight in response to an strengthening
    low-level jet with the increased mid-level flow contributing to some
    severe potential. However, current guidance is inconsistent on the
    development of these storms and, even if they do develop,
    instability will likely be quite limited.

    Farther east, a mature cyclone is expected to move from central
    KY/middle TN northeastward through the central Appalachians. At the
    sane time, an attendant surface low will track northeastward through
    the Mid-Atlantic states. Warm sector associated with this low will
    be confined to the coastal areas of the Carolinas. A strong storm or
    two is possible in this area as well as along and just north of the
    warm front. However, anticipated low coverage and numerous
    uncertainties inherent to forecasts at this range preclude
    introducing any severe probabilities with this outlook.

    Lastly, thunderstorms are anticipated across the central and
    southern FL Peninsula as modest ascent, provided by both the
    eastward progression of the cyclone mentioned above and a surface
    trough traversing the region, interacts with the unstable airmass
    over the area. A strong storm or two is possible during the
    afternoon and severe probabilities may be needed in subsequent
    outlooks if confidence in sufficient severe coverage increases.

    ..Mosier.. 04/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 23, 2018 07:28:31
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    ------------=_1524468547-23415-1231
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Mon Apr 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are anticipated over portions of the southern
    Plains as well as over portions of the Mid-Atlantic states on
    Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A series of shortwave troughs will traverse the broad upper
    troughing anticipated east of the Rockies on Wednesday. The
    progression of these shortwaves coupled with a building upper ridge
    across the Intermountain West is expected to result in a general
    amplification of the upper pattern by 12Z Thursday. Surface pattern
    will feature a high progressing southward across the southern Plains
    in the wake of a cold front sweeping across the region.

    Isolated elevated thunderstorms are possible from the Permian Basin
    into north Texas early in the period with additional development
    possible along the front during the afternoon and evening. Limited
    instability is currently expected to preclude severe thunderstorms.

    Farther east, isolated thunderstorms are possible near the surface
    low and attendant trough associated with a weakening cyclone.
    Anticipated low coverage and minimal instability will temper severe
    potential.

    ..Mosier.. 04/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 24, 2018 06:19:34
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240619
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240618

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 AM CDT Tue Apr 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible from the Sierra Nevada region into
    the Pacific Northwest. Isolated thunderstorms might also occur from
    a part of the southern and central Plains to the middle Mississippi
    Valley as well as over a portion of the Southeast States.

    ...Synopsis...

    Several vorticity maxima will move through a broad synoptic trough
    situated over the eastern two thirds of the U.S. Thursday. Farther
    west a closed upper low will move into northern CA and the Pacific
    Northwest region. Shortwave trough expected to be over the lower MS
    Valley early Thursday will continue through the Southeast States
    accompanied by a weak surface low and cold front that will move
    through the northern Gulf. Farther west an upstream trough will
    advance southeast through the central and southern Plains as well as
    the MS valley region accompanied by another frontal surge.

    ...Southeast States...

    With limited moisture return inland and weak lapse rates,
    instability will remain very marginal with MUCAPE well below 500
    J/kg. However, forcing for ascent accompanying the shortwave trough
    and its attendant boundaries will promote shallow and weak
    convection advancing through the Gulf Coast states during the day.
    Isolated lightning strikes cannot be ruled out with this activity.

    ...Southern and central Plains through middle Mississippi Valley...

    Very limited low-level moisture will reside in pre-frontal warm
    sector, but mid-level lapse rates and boundary-layer warming in
    conjunction with frontal ascent might be sufficient to initiate
    shallow convection. Some of this activity might become deep enough
    for a few lightning strikes. Other elevated convection will be
    possible into the overnight within band of ascent accompanying the
    shortwave trough, and some of this activity might also produce
    isolated lightning strikes.

    ....Northern Sierra Nevada through the Pacific Northwest...

    Steep mid-level lapse rates will reside in this region in advance of
    the approaching upper trough. Isolated thunderstorms cannot be ruled
    out over the Sierra Nevada during the afternoon and early evening.
    However, greater thunderstorm chances (with updraft bases rooted
    above 700 mb) are expected overnight from northern CA into western
    OR when ascent accompanying a vorticity maximum rotates through the
    upper low circulation and onshore.

    ..Dial.. 04/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 26, 2018 07:10:14
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    ------------=_1524726622-23415-2109
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260710
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260708

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CDT Thu Apr 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms with gusty winds are
    expected Saturday from the southern through northern Rockies into a
    portion of the Pacific Northwest.

    ...Synopsis...

    An omega-blocking regime will characterize the synoptic pattern on
    Saturday with upper troughs over the western and eastern states and
    a ridge across the High Plains.

    ...Western States...

    Within plume of steep lapse rates and modest subtropical moisture,
    isolated thunderstorms will likely develop over the higher terrain
    from the southern through northern Rockies. Most of this activity
    will diminish by late evening. However, a few thunderstorms over the
    northern Rockies may persist into the overnight, supported by deeper
    ascent within frontal zone in association with another in a series
    of vorticity maxima rotating through upper low circulation. Given
    deeply mixed inverted-v boundary layers, a few of the storms may
    produce downburst winds during the afternoon and early evening. Low
    severe probabilities may be introduced for a portion of this region
    in later updates.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Northeast States...

    Widely scattered showers may accompany a shortwave trough through
    the OH Valley and Northeast States Saturday afternoon and evening.
    However, limited moisture will promote a marginal thermodynamic
    environment, and most of this convection will probably remain too
    shallow for lightning activity.

    ..Dial.. 04/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 27, 2018 07:04:45
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Fri Apr 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHEAST
    MONTANA TO THE TEXAS PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely-scattered strong to severe storms capable mainly of hail are
    expected across the High Plains from southeast Montana to the Texas
    Panhandle Sunday afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will remain situated over ID, surrounded by a large
    scale cyclonic flow regime over much of the West. Several lobes of
    vorticity will rotate around the upper low, including a leading wave
    that will move across CO and WY toward the northern High Plains
    during the day. This feature, along with a deepening surface trough
    across far eastern MT and WY will support scattered storms, some
    severe with hail or wind.

    To the south, surface winds will increase across the entire Plains
    area in advance of the western trough, with a high centered over the
    Mid MS to OH Valley. As a result of this high, surface dewpoints
    will only range from the 40s to the low 50s F from West TX to the
    Dakotas, supporting sufficient instability for a few severe storms
    scattered across the length of the High Plains.

    ...Northern and central High Plains...
    Strong heating will steepen lapse rates across the West, with
    relatively cool temperatures aloft. This will maximize instability
    despite relatively meager moisture content, resulting in MUCAPE over
    1000 J/kg from southeast MT into eastern NM. Longitudinally, a
    narrow ribbon of uncapped yet unstable air will develop, with widely
    scattered storms expected due to convergence within the surface
    trough. Winds aloft will not be very strong but sufficient for a few
    long-lived cells, and perhaps a slow-moving supercell or two given
    veering winds with height. Large hail on the order of 1.00-1.75"
    appears most likely before the threat dwindles during the evening.

    ..Jewell.. 04/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 28, 2018 07:00:24
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Sat Apr 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF
    NEBRASKA INTO SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA...AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are expected across much of Nebraska into
    South Dakota on Monday, while more isolated activity is expected
    southward along a dryline from western Kansas into west Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Height falls in association with a lead wave will overspread the
    High Plains on Monday as a secondary stronger trough drops south
    along the West Coast. At the surface, a low pressure trough will
    extend from eastern CO into central MN just ahead of a cold front,
    while a secondary trough develops across the southern High Plains
    west of a dryline. Low-level moisture will be characterized by mid
    to upper 50s F dewpoints over most of the warm sector, with low 60s
    F possible from central TX to the OK/KS border. During the evening,
    a southerly low-level jet will increase to over 55 kt across the
    Plains, with warm advection aiding lift into the upper MS Valley.

    ...Northwest KS across NE and into SD...
    Lift will be strongest across the northern Plains where height falls
    will be maximized, and with lift along the surface low track from
    central NE into eastern SD. MUCAPE in excess of 2000 J/kg is
    possible with strengthening wind profiles. Severe storms, including
    mixed mode and/or supercells, are expected, with large hail and
    damaging winds expected. A tornado or two is also possible, but
    boundary layer moisture quality will be a detriment. A few strong
    storms may persist into the evening into MN with a marginal severe
    threat.

    ...Southwest KS into west Texas...
    A conditional risk of severe storms, including supercells capable of
    large hail, will exist along the dryline Monday afternoon. Much of
    the air mass to the east of the dryline will remain capped, but a
    narrow zone where heating is strong may support sporadic supercell
    development as strong low-level veering and looping hodographs will
    develop. The threat should remain localized, with slow-moving storms
    and dissipation during the early evening.

    ..Jewell.. 04/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 29, 2018 07:22:09
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    ------------=_1524986531-23415-2674
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Sun Apr 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA AND NORTHEAST KANSAS...AS WELL AS FAR NORTHWEST
    MISSOURI AND SOUTHWEST IOWA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected mainly across northeast Kansas into
    southeast Nebraska Tuesday from late afternoon through evening.
    Large hail and damaging winds are most likely. More isolated severe
    storms are possible from central Kansas into western Oklahoma.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will move from the central Plains
    into the upper MS Valley, with shortwave ridging to the southwest.
    Farther west, a large upper trough will continue to drop south
    across CA/Baja, with strengthening flow aloft spreading across AZ
    and NM. At the surface, a cold front will extend from the upper MS
    Valley across southeast NE and into central KS at 00Z, with a
    dryline extending south across western OK into northwest TX.
    Boundary layer moisture will be on the increase, with mid 60s F
    dewpoints crossing the Red River into OK, and low 60s F into the
    middle MO Valley.

    ...Southeast NE, northeast KS, far northwest MO and southwest IA...
    Storms should form along a cold front by 21Z, perhaps initially
    supercells but then with a rapid upscale growth into a cell cluster
    or MCS. These storms will be capable of very large hail initially,
    with a greater damaging wind threat as the convective system grows
    and propagates east-southeast. These storms will be maintained by a southwesterly low-level jet, with back-building likely toward south
    central NE or north central KS. Models vary on precise placement of
    the front, therefore, the Enhanced Risk area may be expanded or
    shifted in later outlooks. A brief tornado cannot be ruled out with
    initial development prior to the expected upscale growth.

    ...Central KS into western OK...
    A conditional threat of severe storms, including supercells capable
    of very large hail, will exist southward along a dryline during the
    late afternoon. Models differ on degree of storm coverage, likely
    due to rising heights aloft and midlevel subsidence. However, strong
    heating will occur near the dryline, and with dewpoints at or above
    60 F providing an unstable air mass. A tornado or two would also be
    possible. Any storms that do form would not travel too far east as
    the air mass will be capped.

    Elsewhere, a few strong storms are possible into the upper MS
    Valley, beneath modest southwest flow aloft and where MUCAPE to
    around 1000 J/kg will be present along a weak cold front.

    ..Jewell.. 04/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 30, 2018 07:29:27
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    ------------=_1525073370-23415-2971
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Mon Apr 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAINLY FROM
    NORTHWEST TX ACROSS OK... KS...AND NORTHWEST MO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across a large part of the southern
    and central Plains Wednesday afternoon through Thursday morning,
    with a few tornadoes, damaging winds, and large hail. The greatest
    threat area at this time appears to be from northwest Texas across
    Oklahoma and eastern Kansas.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A complicated severe weather forecast exists for Wednesday, with
    numerous potential outcomes. Currently, have opted to broaden the
    Enhanced and Slight Risk areas to encompass multiple scenarios given
    the likelihood of widespread severe storms.

    A large upper trough will exist across the West, with the leading
    speed max aloft nosing into the southern Plains by Wednesday
    afternoon. Neutral to perhaps slightly rising heights will occur
    across the Plains during the day, with a surface low lagging over
    eastern CO into western KS.

    A front is forecast to stretch from near I-70 in central KS into
    central IA, and is not forecast to move much. Meanwhile, a dryline
    will stretch from central KS across western OK and into northwest TX
    during the day. Some westward backing of the dryline is possible
    across northwest OK into south central KS during the early evening.

    Rich boundary layer moisture will exist south of the front and east
    of the dryline with mid 60s F to near 70 F dewpoints beneath
    relatively cool midlevel temperatures, resulting in strong
    instability over a large area. Shear profiles will also be favorable
    over the entire area for mixed mode severe, including supercells or
    mesoscale convective systems.

    Multiple areas of storm initiation are possible throughout the
    period, including the dryline during the late afternoon from western
    OK into KS, the front across northeast KS into northwest MO which
    may be complicated by antecedent storms, and across west TX after
    03Z with the main shortwave. In addition, continued warm advection
    with the low-level jet and a weakening cap could support isolated
    nocturnal supercell development over OK and KS.

    ..Jewell.. 04/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 01, 2018 07:29:32
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Tue May 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL TEXAS
    TO THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms, capable of damaging winds, hail, and
    perhaps tornadoes, will be possible from parts of the southern
    Plains to the Midwest on Thursday.

    ...Southern Plains to the Mississippi Valley...
    Convective evolution on Thursday appears considerably uncertain, due
    to the larger-scale pattern evolution on the days prior. A western
    US trough will become positively tilted through Thursday, given the
    presence of a relatively stout southeastern sub-tropical ridge. This
    evolution will provide several foci for convective organization
    through the period, as a series of shortwave impulses lift northeast
    from the Plains towards the Mississippi Valley. Multiple areas of
    showers and thunderstorms may be ongoing at the beginning of the
    period, from parts of Texas northeastward to the Great Lakes region.
    Therefore, residual cloud cover and limited insolation may slow
    destabilization over parts of the region. Nonetheless, a corridor of
    surface dew points in the mid/upper 60s will exist from Texas
    northeastward to Illinois, likely yielding at least moderate
    surface-based buoyancy.

    While timing and location are uncertain at this range (especially
    considering the likelihood of ongoing convection Thursday morning),
    several zones of focused warm advection/ascent should encourage
    strong/severe storms from central Texas to the Missouri/Mississippi
    Valleys through the day. The positive tilt of the trough will likely
    favor straight hodographs in many locations, such that cells may
    organize into small linear segments, with damaging winds and perhaps
    a few tornadoes being the primary threat. Localized areas of higher severe-weather threat may exist within the broader slight risk, but
    forecast details remain too uncertain for higher probabilities at
    this time.

    ...Northeast...
    Within westerly 500mb flow of 50-60 kt, a shortwave trough will
    cross New York and New England Thursday afternoon and evening. A
    concurrent increase in 850mb flow (upwards of 40-50 kt) may combine
    with modest mixed-layer buoyancy and steepening low-level lapse
    rates to promote a localized damaging wind threat across the region.

    ..Picca.. 05/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 02, 2018 07:29:01
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525246147-23415-3721
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Wed May 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    TEXAS AND FROM THE LOWER OHIO VALLEY TO NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms, capable of large hail and damaging
    winds, will be possible across parts of Texas on Friday. Meanwhile,
    isolated severe storms will be possible from the lower Ohio Valley
    to New England.

    ...Texas...
    Near a southward-moving front, convection may be ongoing Friday
    morning across parts of the Edwards Plateau and Hill Country.
    Although 500mb flow will have weakened some with the northeastward
    departure of a stronger impulse over the Plains, veering of winds
    with height will still contribute to around 30-35 kt of effective
    shear. MLCAPE upwards of 1000 J/kg should materialize ahead of the
    front, given modest heating and a favorably moist boundary layer. As
    storms propagate southward into this reservoir of greater buoyancy,
    a few stronger cores may produce isolated instances of large hail
    and damaging gusts on Friday.

    ...Lower Ohio Valley to New England...
    In contrast to points farther southwest, mid-level instability will
    likely be considerably weaker. However, a pool of lower/mid 60s dew
    points will exist within a corridor ahead of an east/southeastward
    advancing cold front. Associated with this front, a shortwave trough
    lifting across the Great Lakes will result in a band of strong
    uni-directional westerly flow overspreading this weak/modest
    pre-frontal instability. In turn, as convection gradually deepens
    through the day, some cells may pose a threat for damaging winds and
    perhaps a tornado during the afternoon/evening.

    ..Picca.. 05/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 03, 2018 06:38:11
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030638
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030637

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0137 AM CDT Thu May 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The threat for severe weather appears low on Saturday.

    ...Discussion...
    A broad mid-level trough will slide across the lower/mid Mississippi
    Valley and Southeast on Saturday. As it does so, convection will
    likely persist along/ahead of a decaying front stretching from the
    western Gulf Coast northeast to the Mid-Atlantic. Weak/modest
    surface-based buoyancy and weakening mid-level flow will likely keep
    cells disorganized, precluding a severe threat.

    Elsewhere, a series of low-amplitude impulses in west/northwesterly
    flow will foster a few thunderstorms from the interior Pacific
    Northwest to parts of the upper Midwest.

    ..Picca.. 05/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 04, 2018 07:25:43
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Fri May 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will be likely on Sunday across
    parts of the Southeast, mid Mississippi Valley and southern to
    central Appalachians. Thunderstorms will also be likely in the
    Pacific Northwest and central to northern Rockies.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    eastern U.S. on Sunday as an upper-level ridge moves into the
    north-central states. Isolated thunderstorms may develop near or
    ahead of the upper-level trough from the Gulf Coast states into the
    Carolinas Sunday afternoon. Thunderstorm development should also
    occur along a cold front from the mid Mississippi Valley into the
    Ohio Valley late Sunday afternoon. Scattered thunderstorms are also
    expected to develop from the upper-level ridge in the central and
    northern Rockies westward into the Pacific Northwest where mid-level
    lapse rates should be steep. No severe threat is forecast across the
    CONUS Sunday and Sunday night due to marginal moisture and
    instability.

    ..Broyles.. 05/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 05, 2018 07:18:42
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 050718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CDT Sat May 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm development will be possible on Monday across parts of
    the Southeast and in Florida. Additional thunderstorm development
    will be possible Monday afternoon from the Rockies into parts of the
    central and northern Plains.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    Southeast on Monday. Isolated to scattered thunderstorm development
    is expected from near the trough eastward to the southern Atlantic
    Seaboard during the afternoon. Isolated thunderstorm development may
    also take place in central and eastern Florida generated from sea
    breeze boundaries. In the north-central U.S., a shortwave trough is
    forecast to move into the northern High Plains by Monday evening.
    Thunderstorm development may take place ahead of the trough in parts
    of the Dakotas. Thunderstorms are also expected to develop in the
    Rockies. Moisture and instability across the CONUS is not expected
    to be sufficient for a severe threat Monday or Monday night.

    ..Broyles.. 05/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 06, 2018 07:08:49
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Sun May 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm development may take place on Tuesday across parts of
    the southern Atlantic Seaboard, the north-central states and in
    parts of the Pacific Northwest.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move into the central Plains on
    Tuesday. Ahead of the trough, weak moisture advection should take
    place in the Arklatex and central Plains as a cold front advances
    eastward across the central and northern High Plains. Thunderstorm
    development will be possible Tuesday afternoon ahead of the front in
    the vicinity of the shortwave trough from the Dakotas into Nebraska
    and Iowa. Thunderstorms may also develop from southern South
    Carolina southward to the Florida Peninsula Tuesday afternoon near
    an upper-level trough. A few thunderstorms may also develop in
    northern California and in parts of Oregon ahead of an approaching
    upper-level trough located in the eastern Pacific. Moisture and
    instability is expected to be too marginal for a severe threat
    across the CONUS Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 05/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 07, 2018 07:26:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525678014-23415-5842
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Mon May 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EASTERN MISSOURI
    AND PARTS OF ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms associated with severe hail and isolated
    wind damage will be possible across parts of the mid Mississippi
    Valley on Wednesday.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move across the Mississippi Valley
    on Wednesday. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to advance
    eastward across Iowa and Missouri with a corridor of maximized
    low-level moisture in place ahead of the front. Surface dewpoints
    may be able to reach the low to mid 60s F across parts of the mid
    Mississippi Valley by afternoon. If this occurs, then pockets of
    moderate instability could develop in areas that warm sufficiently.
    The increasing instability combined with enhanced low-level
    convergence along and ahead of the front should result in scattered thunderstorm development from west of the Chicago area southward to
    around St Louis. This convection is forecast to move eastward across
    the slight risk area during the late afternoon and early evening.
    The NAM appears to be aggressive with moisture and instability.
    Taking this into account would yield MLCAPE values in the 1500 to
    2000 J/kg range across western Illinois by late Wednesday afternoon.
    This combined with 25 to 35 kt of 0-6 km shear and steep low-level
    lapse rates could be enough for multicells associated with isolated
    wind damage. Severe hail may also occur especially if moderate
    instability can be realized across the slight risk area.

    ..Broyles.. 05/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 08, 2018 06:34:59
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 080634
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080633

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0133 AM CDT Tue May 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE LOWER GREAT LAKES INTO THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS AND IN THE
    CENTRAL TO NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe thunderstorms with strong wind gusts and hail will
    be possible on Thursday from parts of the lower Great Lakes into the
    central Appalachians and across parts of the central to northern
    High Plains.

    ...Lower Great Lakes/Central Appalachians...
    A shortwave trough and an associated cold front are forecast to move
    eastward across the lower Great Lakes and Central Appalachian
    regions on Thursday. The models are in relatively good agreement
    concerning the timing of the shortwave trough. Ahead of the front,
    surface dewpoints are forecast to be in the 55 to 60 F range which
    should allow for weak destabilization by midday. The ECMWF, GFS and
    NAM show potential for scattered convection along the front during
    the mid afternoon. Unidirectional westerly flow in the low to mid
    levels and steep 0-3 km lapse rates may be enough for a marginal
    wind-damage threat around peak heating. The wind-damage threat could
    extend southward into the central Appalachians where more
    instability is forecast during the mid to late afternoon.

    ...Central and Northern High Plains...
    A shortwave ridge is forecast to move into the Great Plains on
    Thursday as an upper-level trough moves across the western states.
    At the surface, a low is forecast to deepen across eastern Colorado
    as a slow-moving front remains located from southeast Wyoming into
    Nebraska. Although surface dewpoints are only forecast to be in the
    lower to mid 50s F along the front, increasing low-level convergence
    and instability should result in scattered convective initiation
    during the late afternoon. This convection is forecast to move from
    eastern Wyoming eastward into northwest Nebraska and southwestern
    South Dakota during the late afternoon. Steep mid-level lapse rates
    and moderate deep-layer shear may be enough for storm rotation. The
    stronger cells may produce isolated large hail and a few strong wind
    gusts.

    ..Broyles.. 05/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 08, 2018 19:14:45
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525806891-23415-6143
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    ACUS03 KWNS 081914
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook AMEND 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 PM CDT Tue May 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF NE...

    AMENDED FOR UPGRADE TO SLIGHT RISK OVER THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe hail and wind storms are possible across parts of
    Nebraska on Thursday evening. Marginally severe storms with strong
    wind gusts and hail will be possible on Thursday from parts of the
    lower Great Lakes into the central Appalachians.

    ...Western/central NE vicinity...
    12Z guidance is in very good agreement in the synoptic-scale pattern
    Thursday afternoon/evening. Low-amplitude mid-level ridging will
    give way to weak height falls and cyclonic flow downstream of a
    shortwave trough over the Northwest. Guidance does vary in amplitude
    with the strength of a subtle lead impulse and associated speed max
    that may emanate east from the eastern Great Basin.

    The surface pattern should consist of a west/east-oriented
    quasi-stationary front across northern NE with a sharpening lee
    trough across the High Plains and a lee cyclone over eastern CO.
    Although warm-sector boundary-layer moisture will continue to be
    limited by the lack of any connection to richer Gulf moisture, dew
    points in the lower 50s should be common with perhaps middle 50s in
    a narrow corridor along the front. Robust diabatic heating over the
    central High Plains should support a broad area of MLCAPE from
    1000-1500 J/kg amid very steep mid-level lapse rates.

    Storms should initiate along the lee trough over eastern WY during
    the late afternoon. While there is moderate uncertainty over the
    degree of deep-layer shear owing to the aforementioned differences
    in the strength of the mid-level speed max, strengthening
    west-southwesterlies should be sufficient for at least 40 kt
    effective shear, yielding a risk for a few supercells producing
    large hail. This activity will probably grow upscale during the
    evening as a southerly low-level jet intensifies and convergence
    strengthens near the front. This setup may yield a
    forward-propagating MCS progressing east to at least central NE with
    a swath of strong to severe wind gusts.

    ---Previous Discussion issued at 133 AM CDT---

    ...Lower Great Lakes/Central Appalachians...
    A shortwave trough and an associated cold front are forecast to move
    eastward across the lower Great Lakes and Central Appalachian
    regions on Thursday. The models are in relatively good agreement
    concerning the timing of the shortwave trough. Ahead of the front,
    surface dewpoints are forecast to be in the 55 to 60 F range which
    should allow for weak destabilization by midday. The ECMWF, GFS and
    NAM show potential for scattered convection along the front during
    the mid afternoon. Unidirectional westerly flow in the low to mid
    levels and steep 0-3 km lapse rates may be enough for a marginal
    wind-damage threat around peak heating. The wind-damage threat could
    extend southward into the central Appalachians where more
    instability is forecast during the mid to late afternoon.

    ...Central and Northern High Plains...
    A shortwave ridge is forecast to move into the Great Plains on
    Thursday as an upper-level trough moves across the western states.
    At the surface, a low is forecast to deepen across eastern Colorado
    as a slow-moving front remains located from southeast Wyoming into
    Nebraska. Although surface dewpoints are only forecast to be in the
    lower to mid 50s F along the front, increasing low-level convergence
    and instability should result in scattered convective initiation
    during the late afternoon. This convection is forecast to move from
    eastern Wyoming eastward into northwest Nebraska and southwestern
    South Dakota during the late afternoon. Steep mid-level lapse rates
    and moderate deep-layer shear may be enough for storm rotation. The
    stronger cells may produce isolated large hail and a few strong wind
    gusts.

    ..Grams.. 05/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 09, 2018 07:30:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1525851033-23415-6243
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Wed May 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms associated with large hail and isolated wind
    damage will be possible across parts of the central Plains and mid
    Missouri Valley on Friday.

    ...Central Plains/Mid Missouri Valley/Mid to Upper Mississippi
    Valley...
    A low-amplitude upper-level ridge is forecast to be in place across
    the mid Missouri Valley on Friday. At the surface, a cold front is
    forecast to advance southward into the central Plains as a low
    deepens across southeastern Colorado. Low-level moisture is forecast
    to increase along and south of the front where surface dewpoints
    should be in the lower to mid 60s F across much of Kansas into
    southern Iowa. In spite of a capping inversion, increasing low-level convergence along the front should enable the development of at
    least some thunderstorms Friday evening. This convection is forecast
    to move eastward across the region during the overnight period.
    Additional thunderstorm development should take place to the north
    of the front in southern Nebraska.

    GFS forecast soundings late Friday evening along and to the north of
    the front from central Kansas into southern Nebraska show moderate
    to strong instability mainly located above 700 mb. In addition,
    west-southwest winds increasing with height in the 700 to 500 mb
    layer is forecast to create strong effective shear. This combined
    with nearly dry adiabatic lapse rates should be favorable for
    elevated rotating storms with large hail. Cell coverage should be
    more isolated along the front itself due to the capping inversion.
    The slight risk has been placed in the area where convective
    coverage is expected to be greatest and instability will support a
    severe threat. A marginal severe threat may also develop across
    parts of northeast Colorado and from southern Iowa into northwest
    Illinois but instability is expected to be considerably weaker in
    those areas.

    ..Broyles.. 05/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 10, 2018 07:41:03
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100739

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CDT Thu May 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE MIDWEST AND OHIO VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms will be possible
    Saturday from portions of the Midwest east to the Ohio Valley, and
    across northeast Colorado.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level low in the vicinity of the Great Basin will move
    little on Saturday, while weak upper-level high pressure remains
    centered over the Ozarks/mid-Mississippi Valley. A surface front
    will remain nearly stationary from the northern mid-Atlantic coast
    west across the central Plains, with a dryline extending south in
    the vicinity of the TX Panhandle/far West TX.

    ...Midwest to OH Valley...
    Continued low-level moisture transport will result in lower/mid 60s
    surface dew points along and south of the front and east of the
    dryline Saturday, with an expanding EML plume extending into the OH
    Valley. Diurnal heating will contribute to moderate/strong
    instability in the vicinity of the front/dryline across the central
    Plains, with pockets of moderate instability across the Midwest/OH
    Valley region. The presence of a capping inversion may delay
    thunderstorm development until late across the Marginal Risk area,
    however a modestly strengthening low-level jet and associated warm
    advection should contribute to thunderstorm development near and
    north of the front. Westerly low/mid-level flow may result in some
    degree of organization and clusters of storms capable of
    strong/severe wind gusts and hail.

    ...Northeast CO...
    Isolated strong/severe storms will be possible as lower 50s surface
    dew points and steep mid-level lapse rates contribute to
    weak/moderate instability. Southwesterly mid-level flow above
    low-level upslope easterlies will contribute to sufficient shear for
    supercells capable of large hail and strong winds.

    ..Bunting.. 05/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 11, 2018 07:30:39
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri May 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE OHIO VALLEY...THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS...AND PARTS OF THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE INTO THE LARAMIE
    MOUNTAINS VICINITY OF WYOMING...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms are possible Sunday across parts of
    the Ohio Valley, the central Plains, and parts of the Colorado Front
    Range into the Laramie Mountains vicinity of Wyoming. A few may be
    accompanied by some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Little change to the large-scale mid/upper flow is expected through
    this forecast period. Blocking near the Pacific coast will maintain
    a split in the westerlies, with stronger flow generally confined to
    a broad northwesterly belt across Canada into the U.S. Northeast.
    However, narrower corridors of seasonably moderate to strong flow
    may linger within a northwesterly belt as far south as the mid/upper
    Ohio Valley region, and within a southwesterly belt across the
    Wyoming/Colorado Rockies, to the east of a lingering but weakening
    broad closed low centered over the Intermountain West. In lower
    levels, it appears that a frontal zone will remain largely
    quasi-stationary across parts of the Mid Atlantic into the
    Ohio/middle Mississippi Valleys and central Plains. Although
    low-level moisture may remain seasonably modest across most areas
    east of the Rockies, steep lower/mid tropospheric lapse rates are
    expected to contribute to moderately large CAPE along portions of
    the front, as well as along the southern high Plains dryline.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    CAPE on the order of 1000-2000 J/kg may develop by Sunday afternoon
    along an axis across central/southern Indiana and southern Ohio into
    the central Appalachians. Although large-scale forcing for ascent
    to support convective development remains unclear (it may be a
    convectively generated or enhanced perturbation), this
    destabilization on the southern fringe of 30-40+ kt
    westerly/northwesterly 700-500 mb flow may contribute to environment
    conducive to one or two small clusters with a risk for severe
    wind/hail.

    ...Plains...
    Mid/upper support for convective development remains unclear, but
    strong destabilization (CAPE of 2000-3000+ J/kg) appears possible
    along the dryline and cold front across the Texas Panhandle through
    portions of northwest Oklahoma and south central Kansas. Despite
    rather modest shear, the environment may become conducive for storms
    with a risk for severe hail and wind gusts.

    ...Parts of Colorado Front Range into the Laramie Mountains...
    Although CAPE may become only weak to modest in magnitude, forcing
    associated with a perturbation pivoting around the closed low may
    contribute to the development of isolated supercells in the presence
    of strong deep layer shear.

    ..Kerr.. 05/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 23, 2018 07:30:50
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sat Jun 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM IOWA INTO
    EASTERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms are possible mainly across Iowa, Missouri, and
    eastern Kansas.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper low with a 50-60 kt midlevel speed max will move slowly
    northeastward across the northern Plains, with an attendant weak
    surface low. A warm front will lift northward to a central IA to
    northern KY line by 00Z, with a very moist air mass to the south.
    Meanwhile, a front will extend southwestward from the low across
    eastern NE and KS. Substantial early day precipitation is expected
    across much of the warm sector, and marginally severe wind or hail
    is possible. Diurnally driven storms are also expected, and precise
    locales of redevelopment will favor both the synoptic boundaries as
    well as residual outflow. A few strong storms are also possible
    extending into part of the OH and TN Valleys, where moderate
    instability will develop beneath weak northwesterly flow aloft.

    ..Jewell.. 06/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 30, 2018 07:39:48
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Sat Jun 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION
    OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS THROUGH UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
    AS WELL AS MAINE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms are possible from the central and
    northern Plains into a portion of Minnesota Monday. Other strong
    storms are possible over a portion of Maine.

    ...Central through northern Plains and Minnesota...

    Heights will rise as shortwave ridging builds over the plains and
    upper MS Valley downstream from a trough amplifying over the
    northern Rockies. At the surface a warm front will evolve over the
    northern Plains. South of this boundary, richer low-level moisture
    with mid-upper 60s F dewpoints (originally confined to near an old
    stalled front across OK) will advect north as the stationary front
    undergoes frontolysis, and as southerly winds increase east of lee
    trough situated over the central and southern Plains. The northward
    advection of richer moisture beneath an eastward advecting elevated
    mixed layer will result in destabilization during the day into the
    overnight with MUCAPE increasing to 2000+ J/kg. With heights rising
    and apparent lack of any discernable impulses moving through belt of
    stronger flow, as well as potential capping associated with the
    elevated mixed layer, storm development during the day will likely
    remain isolated and confined to zone of deeper mixing along and west
    of lee trough over the central High Plains. However, a strengthening
    low-level jet may support additional storm initiation especially
    during the evening/overnight north of warm front across a portion of
    the eastern Dakotas into MN. The likelihood of later initiation when
    the boundary layer has stabilized suggests these storms will
    probably be at least slightly elevated, but given steep mid-level
    lapse rates, moderate instability and sufficient effective bulk
    shear for updraft rotation, a few instances of large hail are
    possible. This region will continue to be monitored for a possible
    slight risk in later outlooks.

    ...Maine...

    Current indications are that a low-amplitude shortwave trough moving
    along northern periphery of upper ridge as well as an approaching
    cold front may contribute to the development of a few storms during
    the late afternoon or evening. Moderate instability and favorable
    wind profiles will support a risk for severe storms. A slight risk
    category might be needed in later updates once more confidence is
    obtained regarding potential capping issues and storm coverage.

    ..Dial.. 06/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 09, 2018 07:27:53
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sat Jun 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF
    THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms will be possible, mainly over a portion of
    the middle to upper Mississippi Valley region.

    ...Synopsis...

    Upper trough will continue east through the northern Plains and
    upper MS Valley Monday. Attendant cold front will occlude over MN
    with trailing portion continuing southeast through IA, KS and into
    OK. Farther east a back-door front will advance south into NC, but
    western extension of this boundary will remain nearly stationary
    across the OH Valley and into the upper MS Valley.

    ...Middle to upper Mississippi Valley region...

    While some storms may be in progress early Monday, primarily on cool
    side of quasi-stationary/warm front expected to be in place from
    southern or central MN southeast into the OH Valley, the warm sector
    south of this boundary should become moderately to strongly
    unstable, supported by steep mid-level lapse rates and mid to upper
    60s F dewpoints. A capping inversion will likely limit storm
    initiation until later in the afternoon when the cold front surges
    southeast and interacts with the destabilizing boundary layer. The
    stronger winds aloft attending the ejecting shortwave trough will
    remain north and west of warm sector with wind profiles supportive
    of mainly multicells. However, the thermodynamic environment will
    promote strong to severe storms capable of damaging wind and large
    hail. A few storms may also build southwest along the front into KS,
    and activity will develop east through IA and into MO before
    weakening overnight.

    ..Dial.. 06/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, June 16, 2018 07:31:53
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sat Jun 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    NEW ENGLAND AND THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe thunderstorms will be possible Monday over New England,
    across the central Plains and Midwest, and also over the central
    Rockies.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level low pressure over the Great Basin will move slowly east
    Monday while high pressure remains in place over the southeast
    states and southern Plains. A shortwave trough, embedded within
    broad cyclonic mid-level flow, will move across Ontario/Quebec
    provinces towards western New England. A surface front will extend
    from New England southwest into the central Plains and then west
    across the central Rockies/Great Basin.

    ...New England...
    Thunderstorms are expected to develop along the cold front and a
    pre-frontal trough Monday afternoon. Despite poor mid-level lapse
    rates, surface dew points in the mid-upper 60s will combine with
    daytime heating to result in weak/moderate buoyancy. Modest height
    falls and frontal convergence should contribute to scattered
    thunderstorms developing during the afternoon. Westerly deep-layer
    shear of 30-40 kts will be sufficient for organized storms posing a
    risk for damaging winds and perhaps large hail.

    ...Midwest into Central Plains...
    Despite poor lapse rates in the mid levels, a very moist air mass
    will result in moderate/strong surface-based buoyancy in place along
    the front Monday, and strong/severe storms should develop during
    peak heating. Better deep shear will exist from southeast NE into
    IL/WI, where supercells will be possible before storms merge into
    one or more clusters. Damaging winds and large hail will be
    possible. Farther southwest across KS, more isolated storms will
    pose mainly a severe wind risk during the afternoon and evening,
    though isolated severe hail will also be possible.

    ..Bunting.. 06/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 12, 2018 07:26:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526109978-23415-7411
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Sat May 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY INTO
    MONDAY NIGHT WITHIN CORRIDORS ACROSS THE LOWER MISSOURI AND OHIO
    VALLEYS INTO THE MID ATLANTIC...AND ACROSS THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms may impact narrow corridors across
    parts of the lower Missouri and Ohio Valleys into the Mid Atlantic,
    and across parts of the central and southern Plains, Monday
    afternoon and evening.

    ...Discussion...
    Blocking near the U.S. Pacific coast will maintain a split in the
    westerlies through this period. Models do indicate considerable
    weakening of the initially broad closed low centered over the Great
    Basin, but broad southern branch troughing is forecast to persist
    across much of the Southwest and southern Rockies. Meanwhile, broad
    downstream ridging appears likely to hold firm across the central
    Plains and middle/lower Missouri Valley, through the Ohio Valley and
    Mid Atlantic, even as a vigorous short wave impulse emanating from
    the Arctic latitudes digs in phase with the northern branch
    troughing, across and southeast of Hudson Bay. This latter feature
    is forecast to be accompanied by a significant cold front which may
    approach the upper Great Lakes, while a weaker front reinforced by
    convective outflow remains quasi-stationary, roughly near the
    northern periphery of the southern branch ridging.

    Near and beneath a lingering plume of steep lapse rates associated
    with elevated mixed-layer air, continued gradual low-level
    moistening along the southern front, and along the dryline across
    the southern High Plains, may contribute to corridors of moderately
    large CAPE (on the order of 2000+ J/kg) by peak heating Monday.
    While wind fields near the axes of destabilization probably will be
    rather modest, particularly in lower levels, deep layer vertical
    shear may still be marginally sufficient to support potential for
    organizing convective clusters. However, any possible areas of more concentrated severe wind/hail risk will likely depend on forcing
    associated with subtle mid/upper perturbations progressing through
    the larger-scale anticyclonic flow. These remain highly uncertain
    at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 05/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 19, 2018 07:05:43
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190705
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190704

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Sat May 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE OH VALLEY/MIDDLE ATLANTIC AND SOUTHERN ROCKIES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong thunderstorms are possible across the Ohio Valley
    into the Middle Atlantic region Monday. Strong storms are also
    possible across the southern Rockies.

    ...OH Valley/Middle Atlantic...

    Weak mid-level height falls are expected across the OH Valley Monday
    in response to a progressive short-wave trough that should eject
    from IA/MO region into IN by late afternoon. This feature is
    expected to aid convective development by mid day as boundary layer
    warms ahead of zone of ascent. One complicating factor that may
    influence strong thunderstorm development across the OH Valley will
    be lingering early-day convection forecast by most short-range
    models. Day2 thunderstorm complex may be ongoing at the beginning of
    the period across this region and extensive clouds/precip may limit heating/buoyancy. In the absence of detrimental convective
    influences robust thunderstorms may develop within a zone of modest
    deep-layer shear. Isolated strong storms may also develop downstream
    into the Middle Atlantic region along remnant outflow boundaries
    from aforementioned thunderstorm complex. Hail/wind are the primary
    threats with this activity.

    ...Southern Rockies...

    Low-level trajectories will become increasingly favorable for
    moistening across far west TX and NM as surface ridging shifts east
    of the southern High Plains region. Latest model guidance suggest
    higher PW air mass will surge into the higher terrain of far west TX
    and NM where orographic influences and strong boundary-layer heating
    should contribute to deep convection. While deep-layer shear is not
    forecast to be particularly strong across this region, veering
    profiles with height and steep lapse rates should be sufficient for
    isolated severe thunderstorms capable of generating hail/wind.

    ..Darrow.. 05/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 26, 2018 07:27:14
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    ------------=_1527319639-1857-3815
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sat May 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS/HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/severe storms are expected across portions of the central and
    northern Plains/High Plains. A couple of brief tornadoes will also
    be possible once again, in conjunction with Alberto.

    ...Synopsis...
    The overall upper pattern is forecast to change only slightly
    Monday, as compared to Sunday, with the western U.S. low expected to
    weaken with time as it begins to eject slowly northeastward toward
    the northern Plains. Otherwise, ridging will prevail over much of
    the east, aside from weak troughing which will continue crossing New
    England through the period.

    Within the eastern upper ridge, slow northward advance of Alberto is
    expected to continue (please see the latest forecasts from the NHC).
    Meanwhile in the Plains, persistent lee troughing is forecast to
    shift a bit eastward with time to lower elevations, as the western
    upper system begins to eject.

    ...Northern and central Plains/High Plains and vicinity...
    Though likely to be somewhat modulated by possibly widespread
    intervening Day 2 convection, a similar convective risk is suggested
    by the background pattern across the central and north central U.S.
    Monday. Substantial afternoon destabilization is expected --
    particularly near and ahead of the lee trough, and away from areas
    still affected by prior convective overturning.

    This will support afternoon storm development -- both across the
    higher terrain across parts of Colorado/Wyoming/southeast Montana,
    as well as near the lee trough farther east across western portions
    of the Plains. With enhanced south-southwest flow aloft atop
    low-level southerly/southeasterly trajectories, shear supporting organized/supercell storms suggests risks for damaging winds and
    hail, and possibly a tornado or two. Along with an expansion in coverage/upscale growth in conjunction with a nocturnally developing
    low-level jet, a cluster or two of storms may be swept eastward in anticylonically arcing westerlies near the crest of the upper ridge,
    shifting toward the Upper Mississippi Valley/Upper Great Lakes
    overnight, along with some attending severe potential.

    ...Parts of the Southeast, including much of Florida...
    Continued/slow northward movement of Alberto is expected Monday,
    with the latest NHC forecast suggesting landfall to occur by Monday
    evening between the mouth of the Mississippi River and western
    portions of the Florida Panhandle. Within the broader circulation
    of convection surrounding the center, low-level shear supporting
    low-level rotation is expected, while -- again -- the envelope of
    greatest risk remains uncertain due to track/intensity concerns with
    respect to the parent storm. Thus, will include a broad marginal/5%
    risk for isolated/brief tornadoes across much of Florida and
    extending northward into parts of Alabama and Georgia, with
    adjustments expected to be necessary as the evolution of Alberto
    becomes more certain.

    ..Goss.. 05/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 22, 2018 07:41:19
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220740

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CDT Fri Jun 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF
    WESTERN AND CENTRAL KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Significant severe storms capable of destructive winds, very large
    hail and a few tornadoes are possible on Sunday across much of
    central and western Kansas. A few severe storms are also possible
    over parts of Tennessee and Kentucky.

    ...Central Plains...
    An upper low will move from the central Rockies into the Plains,
    with a belt of 50+ kt midlevel flow developing across CO, KS, and NE
    Sunday afternoon. At the surface, low pressure will deepen over the
    TX Panhandle, with a warm front lifting north across KS. Substantial
    low-level moisture will spread north behind this front, with a 50
    kt low-level jet developing during the evening. Models suggest
    early-day storms are possible across northeast CO into western NE in association with the warm advection, with hail possible. Later in
    the day, heating across the southern High Plains will result in a
    plume of steep low-level lapse rates, and the moist boundary layer
    will deepen throughout the day near the warm front in KS. This,
    combined with cool air aloft will yield very strong instability with
    MUCAPE of 3500-4000 J/kg common. Storms are expected to form over
    western KS and spread east during the evening. Models indicate
    excessive convective feedback in the wind profiles, suggesting
    extreme amounts of latent heat release. While an MCS will eventually
    develop with damaging winds, a few tornadoes are also expected,
    either with individual supercells, or in QLCS fashion once the MCS
    develops.

    ...KY/TN...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will move from KY and TN toward the Appalachians, providing strong winds aloft. West-southwesterly
    low-level flow will also maintain a plume of instability, and
    forecast soundings show profiles favorable for both hail and wind.
    Early-day storms may affect the main threat area, thus will maintain
    low probabilities at this time, with the potential for a small
    Slight Risk in later outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 06/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 29, 2018 07:13:46
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    ------------=_1530256428-38885-2853
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Fri Jun 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MIDDLE
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO A PORTION OF THE GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms will be possible Sunday mainly from
    the middle Mississippi Valley into a portion of the western Great
    Lakes.

    ...Middle Mississippi Valley through the upper Great Lakes...

    Shortwave trough will continue through the middle/upper MS valley
    Sunday. This feature will reach the Great Lakes by afternoon, while
    overtaking northern portion of a cold front that should extend from
    western WI southwest into KS and the TX Panhandle Sunday morning.
    While potential will exist for the moist warm sector to once again
    become moderately to strongly unstable, model consensus is that at
    least some storms will likely be ongoing in portion of warm sector.
    This yields uncertainty regarding where best destabilization will
    occur. While storms should redevelop and intensify along residual
    outflow boundaries and cold front as the surface layer destabilizes
    during the day, uncertainties related to effects of any ongoing
    storms precludes more than MRGL risk category at this time.

    ..Dial.. 06/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 15, 2018 07:30:30
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    ------------=_1529047832-1857-16139
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri Jun 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible Sunday and Sunday Night across
    portions of the central and northern Plains, Upper Midwest and
    northern Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low over the Great Basin will move slowly east on Sunday
    while an upper-level anticyclone remains in place over much of the
    eastern U.S. A belt of stronger mid-level flow will exist from the central/northern Plains to the northern Great Lakes and New England.
    A weak mid-level low over the western Gulf of Mexico will move
    west. A surface cold front will extend from the western Great Lakes
    southwest into the central High Plains Sunday afternoon.

    ...Central/northern Plains east to the northern Great Lakes...
    Moderate/pockets of strong surface-based instability will be in
    place along the slow-moving cold front. Mid-level lapse rates will
    likely not be as steep as previous days owing to multiple rounds of
    convection, however surface dew points in the upper 60s/lower 70s
    will still contribute to substantial instability. Guidance is
    consistent in the development of thunderstorms in the vicinity of
    the front during the afternoon and evening, aided by weak/possibly convectively-enhanced mid-level impulses. Deep-layer shear of 35-40
    kts will be sufficient for supercells with a risk for severe hail
    and wind, transitioning to clusters of storms with time as
    strengthening warm advection contributes to an increase in storm
    coverage.

    ...Portions of the central/northern Great Basin...
    A few stronger storms will be possible Sunday afternoon in closer
    proximity to the upper low, however questions remain regarding the
    degree of instability. Hail and gusty winds will be possible, and
    low severe probabilities may be warranted in later outlooks if
    confidence in greater instability increases.

    ..Bunting.. 06/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 25, 2018 06:59:10
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250659
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250658

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CDT Fri May 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND INTO THE DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/locally severe storms will be possible across portions of the
    northern and central High Plains and into the Dakotas.

    ...Synopsis...
    While gradual progression of a weak/low-amplitude trough will
    continue across the Great Lakes and into the Northeast/New England
    Sunday, the upper low over the interior West is forecast to become
    more cut-off from the flow, and thus linger quasi-stationarily
    across the Great Basin vicinity through the period.

    At the surface, lee troughing will remain across the High Plains,
    while the Gulf of Mexico low is progged to shift northward with time
    toward the coast.

    ...Parts of the Northern/Central High Plains into the Dakotas...
    As the upper low lingers over the Intermountain Region, afternoon heating/destabilization over the High Plains in conjunction with
    weak ascent associated with subtle features aloft rotating around
    the parent low will contribute to isolated/scattered afternoon storm development. With moderate southerly mid-level flow atop the High
    Plains, a few stronger/possibly rotating storms will likely evolve,
    with attendant/isolated risk for damaging winds and hail. Evening intensification of a southerly low-level jet may permit one or two
    clusters of storms to persist eastward into the Dakotas, where
    low-end severe risk may continue through the evening.

    ...Central and eastern Gulf Coast region...
    Models generally suggest that the tropical/sub-tropical low
    initially over the eastern/central Gulf of Mexico will continue
    moving northward, possibly making landfall during the period. While
    low-level flow surrounding the system may remain sufficient to
    support low-level rotation within convective cells, uncertainty
    regarding the progression and evolution of the system precludes an
    areal delineation of any tornado risk at this time. Probabilities
    may be included in later outlooks over portions of the central
    and/or eastern Gulf Coast region as details regarding this system
    become a bit more certain.

    ..Goss.. 05/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 01, 2018 07:30:43
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri Jun 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE DESERT SOUTHWEST AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms will be possible across parts of New
    Mexico, far west Texas, and the Southeast on Sunday.

    ...New Mexico and west Texas...
    A relatively persistent mid/upper ridge will remain positioned over
    parts of Texas and northern Mexico on Sunday. However, it will
    de-amplify some over the Four Corners region, where a somewhat
    compact shortwave trough will gradually eject northeastward towards
    the central High Plains. In association with this trough,
    southwesterly 500mb flow around 40-50 kt will overspread New Mexico
    through the day. Meanwhile, ahead of a surface trough, southeasterly
    flow will transport dew points in the 40s into western/central
    portions of the state. In combination with deep/well mixed
    boundary-layer profiles, this gradual moistening will yield modest
    mixed-layer buoyancy across the region, and a few thunderstorms are
    expected to develop over higher terrain by evening. Updrafts will be
    organized by considerable veering of winds with height, such that
    isolated large hail and damaging gusts will be possible with the
    strongest convection.

    ...Southeast...
    Ahead of a cold front pushing towards the Gulf Coast, ample
    boundary-layer moisture and diurnal heating will promote
    moderate/strong surface-based buoyancy by afternoon. Storm coverage
    is not expected to be particularly great, but mid-level northerly
    flow around 20-30 kt and warm/moist low-level profiles may yield
    some stronger downdrafts capable of a few damaging gusts during the
    afternoon.

    ..Picca.. 06/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, June 08, 2018 07:32:18
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    ------------=_1528443142-1857-11831
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Fri Jun 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected Sunday afternoon into the evening, mainly
    across a portion of the Dakotas.

    ...Synopsis...

    A strong upper trough will continue east and northeast through the
    northern Rockies early Sunday, reaching the northern Plains Sunday
    afternoon or evening accompanied by a cold front. Farther east a
    low-amplitude trough will persist over the northeast States with an
    upper ridge from the southern Plains into the upper MS Valley. A quasi-stationary front should extend from the mid Atlantic through
    the OH Valley and into the northern Plains where it should advance
    north as a warm front.

    ...Northern Plains region...

    A moderately to strongly unstable atmosphere will likely evolve
    across the northern Plains in vicinity of warm front with steep
    lapse rates and dewpoints in the mid 60s contributing to 2000-3000
    J/kg MLCAPE during the afternoon. A capping inversion due to warm
    air at the base of the elevated mixed layer should limit storm
    development much of the day. However, storms will likely initiate
    within zone of strong forcing along cold front by late afternoon or
    early evening, especially across western ND with some development
    also possible in SD. Vertical shear will strengthen with approach of
    the shortwave trough, becoming favorable for organized storms
    including a few supercells. Activity may eventually evolve into an
    MCS overnight before weakening.

    ...Middle Mississippi Valley and Ohio Valley...

    The atmosphere is expected to become moderately unstable over a
    portion of this region and in vicinity of the quasistationary front.
    However, considerable uncertainty exists regarding storm evolution
    given likelihood of ongoing storms, clouds and outflow boundaries in
    portions of warm sector. Nevertheless, a few severe storms are
    probable over a part of this region with multicells capable of
    strong to damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ..Dial.. 06/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 28, 2018 10:30:42
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    ACUS03 KWNS 281030
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281029

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0529 AM CDT Thu Jun 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN GREAT LAKES AND UPPER MIDWEST INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    CORRECTED FOR GRAPHIC

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Saturday from the Northern Great
    Lakes to the central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will lift northeast across the northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest on Saturday, with upper level high pressure
    extending from the mid-Atlantic region into the southeast U.S. A
    cold front will extend from the upper Midwest into the central High
    Plains, with a continued very moist air mass in place in advance of
    the front.

    ...Northern Great Lakes/upper Midwest to central Plains...
    Moderate/strong instability will exist along the cold front Saturday
    afternoon, and severe thunderstorms are expected to develop as
    large-scale forcing for ascent associated with the upper-level
    trough moves east. Deep-layer shear of 30-40 kts will support both
    multicell and supercell storm structures, with upscale growth
    possible in the IA/eastern NE vicinity during the evening as
    low-level warm advection increases with a strengthening low-level
    jet. A Slight Risk was considered for portions of the Marginal Risk
    area, but with concerns over the residual effects of prior
    convection, will defer to later outlooks to refine risk areas.

    A few severe storms are also expected to develop in the post-frontal
    moist low-level flow across portions of eastern CO Saturday. Weak to
    moderate buoyancy and 35-40 kts of shear should support rotating
    storms with a risk for large hail.

    ..Bunting.. 06/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 28, 2018 14:58:12
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    ACUS03 KWNS 281458
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281457

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 2
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0957 AM CDT Thu Jun 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN GREAT LAKES AND UPPER MIDWEST INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    CORRECTED FOR PROBABILITY GRAPHIC

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Saturday from the Northern Great
    Lakes to the central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will lift northeast across the northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest on Saturday, with upper level high pressure
    extending from the mid-Atlantic region into the southeast U.S. A
    cold front will extend from the upper Midwest into the central High
    Plains, with a continued very moist air mass in place in advance of
    the front.

    ...Northern Great Lakes/upper Midwest to central Plains...
    Moderate/strong instability will exist along the cold front Saturday
    afternoon, and severe thunderstorms are expected to develop as
    large-scale forcing for ascent associated with the upper-level
    trough moves east. Deep-layer shear of 30-40 kts will support both
    multicell and supercell storm structures, with upscale growth
    possible in the IA/eastern NE vicinity during the evening as
    low-level warm advection increases with a strengthening low-level
    jet. A Slight Risk was considered for portions of the Marginal Risk
    area, but with concerns over the residual effects of prior
    convection, will defer to later outlooks to refine risk areas.

    A few severe storms are also expected to develop in the post-frontal
    moist low-level flow across portions of eastern CO Saturday. Weak to
    moderate buoyancy and 35-40 kts of shear should support rotating
    storms with a risk for large hail.

    ..Bunting.. 06/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 05, 2018 07:25:11
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Thu Jul 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms will be possible across the northern Plains
    Saturday evening into the overnight.

    ...North Dakota into northern Minnesota...
    An expansive mid-level ridge will remain situated from the Desert
    Southwest to Ontario on Saturday. Along its northern periphery, a sheared/positively tilted impulse will lift east/northeast from the
    northern Rockies to the Canadian Prairies through Saturday night.
    While most large-scale ascent will remain north of the US/Canada
    border, a cold front will push east across North Dakota through the
    overnight period. Within the warm sector, surface dew points in the
    upper 60s to lower 70s will lie beneath a plume of steep mid-level
    lapse rates, yielding moderate/strong surface-based buoyancy by
    evening.

    Warm mid-level temperatures and weak ascent will likely preclude
    convective initiation through much of the day. However, medium-range
    guidance generally suggests weak height falls and convergence along
    the front should support at least widely scattered thunderstorm
    development by late evening. Strong effective shear will organize
    these storms, with initial supercellular activity potentially
    transitioning to one or more bowing lines as storms move
    east/southeast. Damaging winds and large hail will be the primary
    severe threat with stronger activity through the overnight period.

    ..Picca.. 07/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 18, 2018 06:38:38
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180638
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180637

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0137 AM CDT Fri May 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MIDWEST/OH VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong storms may develop across portions of the Midwest and Ohio
    Valley region Sunday.

    ...Midwest/OH Valley...

    Central Plains short-wave trough is expected to induce a
    considerable amount of convection across portions of the central
    Plains/Lower MO Valley late Saturday. Remnants of this activity
    should propagate into IA/northern MO by the start of the day3
    period. While it's not entirely clear how much influence this
    activity will have on the boundary layer, in all likelihood one or
    more surface boundaries should serve as the focus for renewed
    development by early afternoon. Latest thinking is multiple
    clusters/MCS should be ongoing at the start of the period along nose
    of a pronounced LLJ. Downstream boundary-layer heating will
    contribute to destabilization that is expected to aid robust
    thunderstorm development during the afternoon. While mid-level
    heights may be somewhat ridgy, aforementioned convective influences
    should encourage potentially strong thunderstorm development.
    Hail/wind are the primary threats with convection that spreads
    toward the OH Valley.

    ..Darrow.. 05/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 07, 2018 07:41:12
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070740

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CDT Thu Jun 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS NORTHERN
    MONTANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected on Saturday across the northern
    Rockies, while other strong to severe thunderstorms will be possible
    as far east as the Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic States.

    ...Northern Rockies to north-central Plains...
    A considerable upper-level trough is expected to spread
    east/northeastward over the Pacific Northwest toward the northern
    Rockies on Saturday, with downstream cyclogenesis across central
    Montana as a cold front approaches the region. An increasingly moist
    boundary layer will develop northwestward across the northern High
    Plains into central Montana owing to moist southeasterly low-level trajectories.

    It seems likely that the greatest forcing for ascent and vertical
    shear, which will both be maximized near and just behind the
    eastward-advancing front, will intercept modest low-level moisture
    across north-central Montana Saturday afternoon and evening. Some
    severe storms capable of severe hail and wind are expected.

    Farther to the east/southeast, warm mid-level temperatures and the
    uncertain degree of capping aloft provides uncertainty regarding the
    extent and likelihood of severe storms across other portions of the north-central Plains, including areas such as southern South Dakota
    and Nebraska where a conditionally severe-favorable environment may
    otherwise exist.

    ...Lower Missouri Valley/Ohio Valley to Mid-Atlantic States...
    Current thinking is that early-day storms could be located somewhere
    across the middle Mississippi Valley vicinity Saturday morning. To
    the south and east of these early day storms, the air mass should
    moderately destabilize along and south of an extensive
    west/east-oriented frontal zone extending into the middle Atlantic
    States. At least some potential will exist across the region for
    isolated severe thunderstorms capable of wind damage/some hail
    mainly Saturday afternoon and evening.

    ..Guyer.. 06/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 14, 2018 07:29:15
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    ------------=_1528961359-1857-15531
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Thu Jun 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTH DAKOTA
    TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Several clusters of severe thunderstorms will be possible from parts
    of the central/northern Plains to the upper Midwest Saturday into
    Saturday night.

    ...Plains to the upper Midwest...
    The large-scale mid/upper pattern will not change significantly on
    Saturday, as a dominant ridge influences the eastern US and broad
    cyclonic flow remains situated over the western US. Between the two,
    weakly anticyclonic flow aloft will be positioned over the
    central/northern Plains and much of the Midwest. In turn, mid/upper
    forcing for ascent is not expected to be particularly strong across
    the region. However, areas of focused low-level warm
    advection/ascent near and north of a surface front (generally
    extending from western NE/SD northeastward to the upper Midwest)
    will likely yield several clusters of storms that generally move
    east/northeast through the period.

    Atop a reservoir of rich boundary-layer moisture near the front,
    pockets of relatively steep mid-level lapse rates will encourage at
    least moderate buoyancy during the day. Additionally, effective
    shear will be more than sufficient for updraft organization across
    much of the region, given increasing 500mb flow relative to the
    prior day. Therefore, clusters of storms will likely be capable of
    large hail, damaging winds, and perhaps a couple tornadoes. Further
    refinement of probabilities will likely be needed in future
    outlooks, as areas of more focused severe potential become clearer.

    ..Picca.. 06/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 21, 2018 07:29:13
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    ------------=_1529566159-49124-336
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Thu Jun 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    OKLAHOMA INTO SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are expected from Oklahoma into southern
    Missouri on Saturday, with isolated activity extending from
    northwest Texas toward the lower Ohio Valley. A few strong storms
    are also possible across the coastal Mid Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    A belt of moderate flow aloft will stretch from the Pacific
    Northwest into the central Plains, and from the Mid Atlantic into
    the Northeast. A leading shortwave trough will pivot quickly across
    the Northeast, with low-amplitude ripples in otherwise zonal flow
    across the central Plains into the OH Valley.

    A vast area of 60 F+ dewpoints will encompass the eastern half of
    the CONUS, with 70 F dewpoints generally south of 37 N resulting in
    areas of strong instability. Foci for severe storms include a
    stationary front/possibly outflow boundary across OK and MO, and a
    surface trough across the Mid Atlantic.

    ...Northwest TX into southwest MO...
    Models indicate a possible MCS ongoing near the OK/KS/MO/AR border
    region, with some semblance of convection maintained throughout the
    day. This will likely result in a substantial outflow boundary, most
    likely across northeast OK into northern AR, and the primary severe
    risk will exist along and south of this boundary, as well as east of
    a synoptic wind shift from northwest TX across central OK. However,
    if the MCS fails to materialize or is meager, then more unstable air
    may proceed northward across MO, with a greater than forecast severe
    risk there.

    The air mass will become very unstable south/east of the boundaries,
    owing to heating, high dewpoints, and steep lapse rates aloft.
    Deep-layer shear will be favorable for severe storms, and low-level
    shear will support supercells and/or back-building storms. Large
    hail and damaging winds will be the most common severe mode, but a
    few tornadoes cannot be ruled out on the mesoscale near boundaries.
    Isolated significant severe may occur, but predictability is
    currently low. Storms developing along the front into northwest TX
    will likely be higher based, with hail and strong outflow winds
    likely.

    ...MS and lower OH Valleys...
    Storms that form over southern MO, OK and AR are expected to move
    eastward with the mean flow toward the lower OH Valley overnight.
    Forecast soundings indicate the air mass may remain capped even with
    the loss of heating, thus supporting a damaging wind threat over
    southeast MO, northern AR, and into western KY and TN.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Substantial southwesterly 850 mb flow will allow 70s F dewpoints to
    surge northward across the Delmarva, with MLCAPE to around 2000
    J/kg. Lapse rates aloft are shown to be poor, however, 30-40 kt
    deep-layer mean wind speeds as well as lift in association with the
    upper trough should result in at least isolated strong storms, with
    damaging wind or marginal hail the main threats.

    ..Jewell.. 06/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, June 28, 2018 07:31:41
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    ------------=_1530171105-38885-1604
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Thu Jun 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN GREAT LAKES AND UPPER MIDWEST INTO THE CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Saturday from the Northern Great
    Lakes to the central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will lift northeast across the northern Plains
    and Upper Midwest on Saturday, with upper level high pressure
    extending from the mid-Atlantic region into the southeast U.S. A
    cold front will extend from the upper Midwest into the central High
    Plains, with a continued very moist air mass in place in advance of
    the front.

    ...Northern Great Lakes/upper Midwest to central Plains...
    Moderate/strong instability will exist along the cold front Saturday
    afternoon, and severe thunderstorms are expected to develop as
    large-scale forcing for ascent associated with the upper-level
    trough moves east. Deep-layer shear of 30-40 kts will support both
    multicell and supercell storm structures, with upscale growth
    possible in the IA/eastern NE vicinity during the evening as
    low-level warm advection increases with a strengthening low-level
    jet. A Slight Risk was considered for portions of the Marginal Risk
    area, but with concerns over the residual effects of prior
    convection, will defer to later outlooks to refine risk areas.

    A few severe storms are also expected to develop in the post-frontal
    moist low-level flow across portions of eastern CO Saturday. Weak to
    moderate buoyancy and 35-40 kts of shear should support rotating
    storms with a risk for large hail.

    ..Bunting.. 06/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 17, 2018 07:30:32
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1526542234-49437-1109
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu May 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEAST KANSAS...SOUTHEAST
    NEBRASKA...SOUTHWEST IOWA AND NORTHWEST MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible across parts of the middle to lower
    Missouri Valley region Saturday afternoon and evening, accompanied
    by the risk for large hail and potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models suggest that gradual adjustments to the large-scale mid/upper
    flow may become more notable Saturday through Saturday night. A
    blocking high, within the northern branch of split westerlies
    emanating from the Pacific, appears likely to continue shifting
    inland of the Canadian Rockies into the Canadian Prairies. As broad
    downstream troughing also develops east southeastward, it is
    expected to suppress southern branch ridging initially encompassing
    much of the Northeast.

    At the same time, a subtropical ridge centered off the southern/mid
    Atlantic Seaboard may maintain strength, while broader scale
    southern branch ridging develops across the southern Plains into the
    western slopes of the southern Appalachians. Around the crest of
    this latter feature, a couple of short wave perturbations are
    expected to continue a modest east northeastward progression. One
    of these, emerging from the Southwest Friday/Friday night, is
    expected to continue across the central Plains into the mid/lower
    Missouri Valley region. The other is expected to gradually
    accelerate across parts of the central Appalachians/upper Ohio
    Valley into the northern Mid Atlantic Coast states.

    Seasonably high moisture content (precipitable water of 1.75-2.00
    inches) is expected to be confined to a lingering narrow plume
    across the Florida Peninsula into areas along/east of the Atlantic
    coast to the north, around the western periphery of the subtropical
    ridge. However, precipitable water up to around 1.5 inches may
    persist ahead of the lead southern branch impulse across the upper
    Ohio Valley, while moisture quality remains lower across the Plains.
    Despite the more modest moisture through, models indicate that a
    narrowing plume of elevated mixed layer air advecting across the
    central Plains beneath a pocket of relatively cool mid-level air may
    contribute to very steep mid-level lapse. This may contribute to
    moderately large CAPE along a corridor of stronger daytime heating,
    ahead of an intrusion of cooler air still nosing southward to the
    lee of the Rockies.

    ...Central Plains/mid to lower Missouri Valley...
    Models suggest that an area of enhance forcing for ascent, including
    lower/mid tropospheric warm advection ahead of relatively compact
    mid-level perturbation, may contribute to an upscale growing cluster
    of thunderstorm across parts of southern Nebraska/northern Kansas by
    Saturday afternoon. Given the thermodynamic environment, augment by
    favorable shear associated with a belt of 30+ kt lower/mid-level
    flow, stronger storms probably will be capable of producing severe
    hail and strong surface gusts while spreading east northeastward
    across parts of the mid/lower Missouri Valley.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    Modest boundary layer destabilization (CAPE up to 1000 J/kg) and
    forcing associated with the approaching upper impulse may support an
    organizing cluster of thunderstorms aided by a belt of 20-30 kt
    lower/mid-level flow. As activity spreads eastward/northeastward it
    may become capable of producing potential damaging wind gusts before diminishing Saturday night.

    ..Kerr.. 05/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 17, 2018 07:44:35
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170744
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170743

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CDT Thu May 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEAST KANSAS...SOUTHEAST
    NEBRASKA...SOUTHWEST IOWA AND NORTHWEST MISSOURI...

    CORRECTED TYPOS

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible across parts of the middle to lower
    Missouri Valley region Saturday afternoon and evening, accompanied
    by the risk for large hail and potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models suggest that gradual adjustments to the large-scale mid/upper
    flow may become more notable Saturday through Saturday night. A
    blocking high, within the northern branch of split westerlies
    emanating from the Pacific, appears likely to continue shifting
    inland of the Canadian Rockies into the Canadian Prairies. As broad
    downstream troughing also develops east southeastward, it is
    expected to suppress southern branch ridging initially encompassing
    much of the Northeast.

    At the same time, a subtropical ridge centered off the southern/mid
    Atlantic Seaboard may maintain strength, while broader scale
    southern branch ridging develops across the southern Plains into the
    western slopes of the southern Appalachians. Around the crest of
    this latter feature, a couple of short wave perturbations are
    expected to continue a modest east northeastward progression. One
    of these, emerging from the Southwest Friday/Friday night, is
    expected to continue across the central Plains into the mid/lower
    Missouri Valley region. The other is expected to gradually
    accelerate across parts of the central Appalachians/upper Ohio
    Valley into the northern Mid Atlantic Coast states.

    Seasonably high moisture content (precipitable water of 1.75-2.00
    inches) is expected to be confined to a lingering narrow plume
    across the Florida Peninsula into areas along/east of the Atlantic
    coast to the north, around the western periphery of the subtropical
    ridge. However, precipitable water up to around 1.5 inches may
    persist ahead of the lead southern branch impulse across the upper
    Ohio Valley, while moisture quality remains lower across the Plains.
    Despite the more modest moisture though, models indicate that a
    narrowing plume of elevated mixed layer air advecting across the
    central Plains beneath a pocket of relatively cool mid-level air may
    contribute to very steep mid-level lapse rates. This may contribute
    to moderately large CAPE along a corridor of stronger daytime
    heating, ahead of an intrusion of cooler air still nosing southward
    to the lee of the Rockies.

    ...Central Plains/mid to lower Missouri Valley...
    Models suggest that an area of enhanced forcing for ascent,
    including lower/mid tropospheric warm advection ahead of a
    relatively compact mid-level perturbation, may contribute to an
    upscale growing cluster of thunderstorm across parts of southern Nebraska/northern Kansas by Saturday afternoon. Given the
    thermodynamic environment, augment by favorable shear associated
    with a belt of 30+ kt lower/mid-level flow, stronger storms probably
    will become capable of producing severe hail and strong surface
    gusts while spreading east northeastward across parts of the
    mid/lower Missouri Valley.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    Modest boundary layer destabilization (CAPE up to 1000 J/kg) and
    forcing associated with the approaching upper impulse may support an
    organizing cluster of thunderstorms aided by a belt of 20-30 kt
    lower/mid-level flow. As activity spreads east northeastward it may
    become capable of producing potential damaging wind gusts before
    diminishing Saturday night.

    ..Kerr.. 05/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 24, 2018 06:55:35
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240655
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240654

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CDT Thu May 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MT AND
    THE WESTERN DAKOTAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible across MT into the western
    Dakotas.

    ...MT/Western Dakotas...

    Upper low is expected to drift across the Great Basin during the
    day3 period forcing strongest mid-level flow into the central
    Rockies. However, this stronger flow should primarily overspread
    relatively dry and weakly buoyant air mass over NM/CO/WY. Along the
    northern influence of this upper low it appears adequate instability
    will be present across the northern Rockies/High Plains for deep
    convection. Large-scale forcing should aid thunderstorm initiation
    over the higher terrain of south-central MT by afternoon that should
    lift north within a strongly sheared environment. This activity is
    expected to spread along a frontal corridor that will advance into
    eastern MT by early evening. Strong heating along the lee trough
    will also aid isolated high-based storms over the western Dakotas.
    Will introduce 5% severe probs to account for these scenarios but a
    15% severe may be warranted if it becomes clear instability will
    support more robust/organized updrafts.

    ..Darrow.. 05/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 31, 2018 07:35:40
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    ------------=_1527752146-1857-7085
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310735
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310734

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0234 AM CDT Thu May 31 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF
    THE MIDDLE AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected across portions of the middle through
    lower Mississippi and the Tennessee Valley Saturday.

    ...Middle to lower Mississippi Valley and TN Valley regions...

    High-amplitude shortwave trough expected to be situated over the
    central and northern Plains early Saturday will begin to track more
    east southeast through the upper and middle MS valley after cresting
    synoptic ridge. This feature will be accompanied by a cold front
    that will surge southeast through the Plains and MS Valley and is
    forecast to extend from the OH Valley into southwest TX by the end
    of this period. Preceding the front a very moist warm sector with
    mid to upper 60s F dewpoints will exist beneath eastward expansion
    of an elevated mixed layer, contributing to strong instability
    (2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE) but with also a capping inversion. Northern
    portion of the front will occlude over the upper MS Valley where
    storms will likely be ongoing from MN into a portion of NE/IA and
    northern MO. Evolution of morning storms is uncertain, but some
    potential will exist for storms on the southern flank across
    northern MO to strengthen as associated outflow boundary continues
    southeast into the destabilizing warm sector, and new storms may
    develop along southeast surging cold front. Wind profiles along
    southern periphery of upper trough will be sufficient for organized
    storm structures including supercells and bowing segments with
    possible upscale growth. Activity should continue into the lower MS
    and TN Valleys during the evening within the evolving northwest flow
    regime. Damaging wind and large hail should be the main threats. An
    upgrade to higher probabilities may be needed in later updates once
    mesoscale details become more evident.

    ..Dial.. 05/31/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 27, 2018 07:30:08
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    ------------=_1530084614-38885-1128
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Wed Jun 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS NORTHEAST INTO THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible from portions of the central
    and northern High Plains northeast into the Upper Midwest.

    ...Central/northern High Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    An upper-level trough will continue moving east Friday and the
    associated cold front will extend from northern MN southwest to
    eastern CO Friday afternoon. Morning thunderstorms with some
    lingering severe risk may be ongoing across northern MN/western Lake
    Superior region associated with a prominent shortwave trough. By
    afternoon, strong/extreme instability will be in place as daytime
    heating of a very moist air mass takes place beneath steep mid-level
    lapse rates. Upper-level forcing for ascent appears to be modest at
    best with near neutral heights, however subtle embedded impulses and
    frontal convergence should assist in overcoming convective
    inhibition by late afternoon. Moderate low/mid-level flow will
    result in 30-45 kts of deep-layer shear, with organized storm modes
    likely consisting of isolated supercells and a couple clusters with
    damaging winds and large hail possible.

    Farther west, widely scattered afternoon storms should develop over
    the higher terrain within moist easterly post-frontal flow.
    Deep-layer shear will be more than adequate for supercells moving
    into western portions of SD/NE during the evening with large hail
    and possibly damaging winds.

    Uncertainty regarding coverage precludes higher severe probabilities
    with this outlook.

    ..Bunting.. 06/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 04, 2018 07:28:37
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    ------------=_1530689321-38885-6203
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Wed Jul 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to briefly severe storms will be possible across New
    England on Friday, most likely during the morning hours.

    ...New England...
    Underneath an amplifying cyclonic-flow regime, a cold front will
    cross New England through the early afternoon. Showers and
    thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period,
    such that the potential for robust heating/destabilization appears
    limited. Mid-level lapse rates will be unimpressive as well. Still,
    surface dew points in the 60s to lower 70s will support weak/modest
    mixed-layer CAPE from the northern Mid-Atlantic into New England
    ahead of the front. Across much of New England, westerly 925-850mb
    flow around 25-30 kt may enhance low-level shear sufficiently for
    weak updraft rotation. A considerable component of these shear
    vectors will likely be oriented parallel to convective bands, which
    will dampen the severe potential. However, a few line-embedded
    elements may produce locally damaging winds or perhaps a brief
    tornado during the first half of Friday.

    With southwestward extent (towards the Mid Atlantic), weakening flow
    and poor mid-level lapse rates will further reduce the severe
    threat. Therefore, despite considerable convective coverage, storm
    organization will likely be too low for severe probabilities at this
    time.

    ..Picca.. 07/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 06, 2018 07:49:37
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060749
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060748

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0248 AM CDT Wed Jun 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    At least isolated severe thunderstorms are expected Friday afternoon
    and evening especially across the north-central High Plains.

    ...North-central High Plains to middle Mississippi Valley...
    Early-day storms may linger over parts of the upper/middle
    Mississippi River Valley on Friday, with these storms likely to
    shift east-southeastward during the day away from a greater
    reservoir of moisture and instability. The potential for severe
    thunderstorms appears a bit higher farther west across the central
    High Plains vicinity later in the day.

    Near the crest of the upper ridge, near-neutral height tendencies
    and weak low-level upslope flow should be sufficient for isolated
    storm development across the central High Plains by Friday mid/late
    afternoon, with a greater coverage of storms probable Friday night
    as warm advection increases, with the 00Z ECMWF particularly
    supportive of an MCS-related scenario Friday night. Regardless, it
    currently appears that the most severe-favorable environment and
    likelihood of at least isolated to widely scattered storm
    development Friday afternoon into Friday night will be from far
    eastern Wyoming into western/northern Nebraska and southern South
    Dakota. If/where storms develop, a moderate to strongly unstable air
    mass and 30-40 kt of effective shear would support severe storms
    capable of large hail and damaging winds.

    ..Guyer.. 06/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 13, 2018 07:24:38
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    ------------=_1528874683-1857-15037
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Wed Jun 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    MIDWEST TO THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms may be possible from parts of the upper Midwest
    to the central Plains on Friday.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Much of the severe potential on Friday will be regulated by
    convective organization from the night prior, and a convective
    system may be ongoing over parts of central/northern Minnesota that
    morning. Such a system would leave an outflow boundary along its
    southern periphery, perhaps draped from the eastern Dakotas
    east/southeastward across Minnesota and Wisconsin. Near/south of
    this boundary, moderate/strong instability and at least modest
    deep-layer shear may foster a few strong/severe storms through the
    afternoon. Additionally, the approach of a weak shortwave trough
    within southwesterly flow may further enhance convective initiation
    from parts of the Dakotas to Minnesota and Wisconsin, and this
    greater convective coverage would increase the severe threat as
    well. However, considerable uncertainty in the timing of this
    feature and convective evolution the night prior precludes
    probabilities greater than marginal at this time.

    ...Central Plains...
    A cold front will gradually stall from northeast Colorado to the
    eastern Dakotas Friday. Moist, upslope flow near/north of the front
    and any weak impulse embedded in southwesterly flow aloft may focus
    isolated thunderstorm activity across northeast Colorado and western
    Nebraska late in the day. Moderate instability and veering winds
    with height may be sufficient for a few more organized updrafts,
    capable of a couple instances of large hail and damaging winds.

    ..Picca.. 06/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, June 20, 2018 07:31:08
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    ------------=_1529479874-1857-19239
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Wed Jun 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms are possible on Friday across parts of the
    central Plains, and from the Lower Mississippi Valley toward the
    Ohio Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low is forecast to pivot from the mid MS Valley across the
    OH Valley, with a cyclonically curved belt of 40+ kt midlevel winds
    from the central Plains to the OH Valley. This feature will be
    accompanied by a weak surface low along with a northward spread of
    moisture supporting widespread thunderstorm activity. To the west, a
    secondary, low-amplitude shortwave trough will move across the
    Rockies and into the central High Plains late in the period with a
    surface low developing near the TX Panhandle. Strong warm advection
    will materialize Friday evening across the southern Plains in
    advance upper trough with 40+ kt at 850 mb out of the southwest.

    ...Eastern CO/western NE into OK...
    A plume of 50s F dewpoints are expected to spread northwestward
    toward the KS/CO border by 00Z, supporting MUCAPE in excess of 2000
    J/kg with steep overall lapse rates. At least isolated storms are
    likely to form in advance of the upper wave, across western NE and
    northeast CO, with severe hail and wind possible. However, the
    eastward extent of the severe threat at this latitude will be
    limited by a cool air mass to the east and subsequent capping.

    Farther south, other storms will be possible across the OK/TX
    Panhandles, which would then develop eastward across OK where the
    low-level jet will support lift. Some models indicate an MCS, in
    which case damaging winds would be possible. However, predictability
    of such a feature is too low for a Slight Risk at this time.

    ...Lower MS Valley to the OH Valley...
    A large area of thunderstorm potential will exist from the MS River
    to the Appalachians with substantial moisture in place and
    relatively cool air aloft with the upper trough. The most likely
    area for severe storms appears to be from the Arklatex into northern
    AL, and northward into KY. However, given the likelihood of
    antecedent outflows and early/ongoing storms, predictability is low.
    A Slight Risk may be needed in some parts of the area in later
    outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 06/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 16, 2018 07:30:30
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Wed May 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING NEAR THE FRONT RANGE OF THE ROCKIES INTO PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible near the Front Range of the
    Rockies eastward into parts of the central Plains late Friday
    afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    The mid-latitude westerlies emanating from the Pacific will remain
    split through this period and beyond, as large-scale blocking
    persists near the Pacific coast. It appears that this will include
    the evolution of an increasingly prominent high at a bit higher
    latitude than the previous one, becoming centered near the Canadian
    Rockies, inland of the British Columbia coast. Within the
    downstream northern branch, at least a couple of significant short
    wave troughs are forecast to remain progressive, one well east of
    the Canadian Maritimes, the other across and east of the Canadian
    Prairies. The lead wave is expected to be accompanied by a surface
    front through much of the Northeast and Ohio Valley, which should
    stall and may begin gradually returning northward as subtropical
    ridging centered over the Atlantic builds northward across the
    northern Mid Atlantic and southern New England. The upstream wave
    is expected to be accompanied by another cold front, which may
    advance southward through much of the northern Plains and portions
    of the northern intermountain region by late Friday night.

    Preceding the latter front, outflow from convection late Thursday
    and Thursday night may stall and weaken across the southern Nebraska
    into northeast Colorado vicinity during the day Friday. This is
    expected to occur as a sub-1000 mb low forms within lee surface
    troughing over southeast Colorado by Friday afternoon. The
    low-level cyclogenesis is forecast as perhaps the main short wave
    impulse emerges from larger-scale southern branch troughing
    initially over the Southwest. Associated southeasterly/southerly
    low-level flow across much of the central Plains probably will
    maintain at least modest boundary layer moisture. Seasonably high
    moisture content, though, will generally remain confined to a plume
    ahead of remnant mid/upper troughing east of the Mississippi Valley
    through the Caribbean, particularly across the southern/mid Atlantic
    Seaboard, on the western periphery of the subtropical ridge.

    ...Front Range of Rockies into central Plains...
    Given at least modest moisture (surface dew points in the mid 50s to
    lower 60s F) east of the dryline across southwestern Kansas, and
    near/north of the remnant outflow boundary, or nose of stronger
    surface heating/deeper boundary layer mixing across the southern
    into central High Plains, moderately large CAPE appears possible by
    peak heating in the presence of steep lapse rates. Resultant
    thermodynamic profiles likely will support a severe hail/wind threat
    with any thunderstorm development. Storms are expected to initiate
    by late Friday afternoon aided by orographic forcing and lift
    associated with the approaching mid-level impulse. Guidance
    continues to suggest that this may be accompanied by a belt of 30-40
    kt mid-level flow nosing across the southern Rockies, which seems
    likely to be sufficient to support organized convective development,
    including supercells at least initially.

    There appears at least some risk for tornadoes, particularly across
    parts of northeastern Colorado. However, these may tend to be
    mostly short-lived and relatively weak, barring better than
    currently anticipated moisture. Storms could eventually
    consolidate/grow upscale into an organizing convective system with
    mainly a continuing severe wind risk into Friday evening, generally
    across parts of northern Kansas/adjacent southern Nebraska.

    ..Kerr.. 05/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 23, 2018 06:56:01
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    ------------=_1527058567-1857-2626
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230655
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230654

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CDT Wed May 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE UPPER
    GREAT LAKES TO THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms are possible across the upper Great Lakes
    region into the central Plains Friday.

    ...Upper Great Lakes to the Central Plains...

    Northern Plains short-wave trough is expected to flatten the mid
    American ridge during the day2-3 period before digging southeast
    into the upper Great Lakes late Friday. This feature should induce
    scattered deep convection Thursday that will propagate into the
    upper MS Valley region along the nose of a veered LLJ. Early in the
    period remnants of this activity may be ongoing, but likely in a
    sub-severe state. However, strong boundary-layer heating along weak
    confluence zones, both synoptically and convectively induced, is
    expected to assist deep convection by late afternoon. Weak height
    falls will help concentrate storms over the upper Great Lakes but
    deepening northwesterly flow will enhance shear along trailing
    boundary into the central Plains. Hail/wind are the primary threats
    with this diurnally driven convection.

    ..Darrow.. 05/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 30, 2018 07:31:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1527665502-1857-6457
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed May 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected over a portion of the northern and
    central Plains later Friday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A blocking pattern will characterize the synoptic regime Friday with
    an upper ridge over the central U.S. flanked by troughs over the
    western and eastern states. Lee trough will evolve over the northern
    High Plains as belt of stronger southwesterly winds within the
    western U.S. upper trough overspreads the northern Rockies. A
    shortwave trough embedded within the western trough will eject
    northeast through eastern MT and provide the impetus for a cold
    front to accelerate through the Dakotas. A warm front will reside
    from eastern ND through southern MN.

    ...Northern Plains...

    Modified CP air with low to mid 60s F dewpoints will advect north
    through the northern Plains beneath plume of steep lapse rates,
    contributing to strong instability with 2000-3000 J/kg MLCAPE likely
    in warm sector. Storms may be ongoing north of warm front, but a
    capping inversion will likely limit thunderstorm development in warm
    sector until the cold front accelerates southeast and interacts with
    the destabilizing boundary layer. Vertical wind profiles will
    strengthen in association with ejecting shortwave trough with
    effective bulk shear increasing to 30-35 kt. Both supercell
    structures and eventual upscale growth into line segments are
    possible. Large hail and damaging wind are the primary threats from
    late afternoon into the evening. An upgrade to higher probabilities
    will probably be needed in later updates.

    ..Dial.. 05/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 26, 2018 07:31:05
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1529998270-38885-293
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue Jun 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    MONTANA AND WYOMING ACROSS THE DAKOTAS AND INTO NORTHERN
    MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Thursday afternoon and evening across
    parts of the northern Plains. Very large hail and damaging wind will
    be possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Low pressure will deepen over the northern High Plains with an
    expansive area of moderate anticyclonic flow aloft from the Great
    Basin across the northern Plains. Southeasterly low-level winds will
    strengthen across the Dakotas into eastern MT and WY, and will
    maintain a very moist and unstable air mass with 60s F dewpoints
    possibly into eastern MT. Cool air aloft along with strong daytime
    heating will lead to very unstable conditions. Convergence near the
    surface trough/wind shift will lead to afternoon storm formation
    across eastern MT, northeast WY, and the western Dakotas. These
    storms are likely to contain very large damaging hail as hodographs
    will be quite long. With time, the cells may bow and/or grow upscale
    as outflow production increases, with significant damaging wind
    potential into ND and possibly northwest MN. A relatively tight
    gradient of storm coverage is expected across WY/SD/MN as capping
    will be significant with southward extent.

    Farther west into central MT, ID, and northern WY, height falls will
    occur as a trough approaches from the west, and at least isolated
    severe storms are possible with long hodographs and marginal
    instability supporting hail or wind.

    ..Jewell.. 06/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 03, 2018 07:24:35
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1530602679-38885-5476
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Tue Jul 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms may develop in the High Plains of Wyoming and
    Colorado Thursday. Otherwise, widespread organized severe weather
    currently appears unlikely.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Although the region will be under the influence of a considerable
    mid-level ridge, moist southeasterly low-level flow will organize
    through the day. Surface dew points in the mid/upper 50s to low 60s
    will slowly spread northwest in response. Meanwhile, the region will
    remain on the eastern fringe of an elevated mixed layer, such that
    modestly steep lapse rates will overlie this moistening boundary
    layer. Subsequently, weak/moderate surface-based buoyancy should
    materialize by late afternoon. 500mb flow will be weak, owing to the
    placement of the aforementioned ridge, but veering flow with height
    may still yield around 20-30 kt of effective shear. As storms
    progress east away from higher terrain, a few multicells or even
    brief supercells may evolve, yielding a threat of locally damaging
    winds and isolated large hail through Thursday evening.

    ...Ohio Valley to northern New England...
    Showers and thunderstorms will be possible within a warm/moist and
    uncapped air mass ahead of a cold front approaching the region
    through late Thursday night. Towards the Ohio Valley, stronger
    instability may support a few heavier cores, but weak deep-layer
    shear will keep cells disorganized. Shear will strengthen with
    northeastward extent (and later into the night), but the very late
    timing of the front and modest mid-level lapse rates will likely
    limit the severe threat in northern New England as well. A marginal
    risk could be introduced in later outlooks if a larger overlap
    between mid-level flow/storm organization and instability is
    expected, though.

    ..Picca.. 07/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 05, 2018 07:39:04
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1528184349-1857-10294
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050738
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050737

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0237 AM CDT Tue Jun 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTH-CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected mainly across the north-central
    High Plains on Thursday.

    ...Northern/central Plains...
    In the wake of Wednesday's frontal passage, moist trajectories will
    become increasingly reestablished into the north-central High Plains
    via persistent low-level upslope flow. With an upper trough
    remaining over the western states, one or more subtle/embedded
    disturbances and modestly increasing west-southwesterly winds aloft
    should overspread the north-central Rockies into the north-central
    High Plains by Thursday evening.

    Current thinking is that initial storm development and
    intensification will likely occur in vicinity of the
    mountains/higher terrain of Wyoming and southern Montana Thursday
    evening, with storm persistence into an increasing unstable air mass
    across the adjacent High Plains, where vertical shear will also be
    greater owing to more appreciable east/southeasterly low-level
    winds. Sustained multicells and supercells can be expected with
    large hail and damaging winds through the afternoon and early
    evening.

    Although there are still spatial uncertainties at this forecast time
    frame, it seems probable that an increasing southerly low-level jet
    Thursday evening will support upscale MCS development, currently
    most likely to move in an east-southeastward fashion across
    western/southern South Dakota and northern Nebraska Thursday night.
    Damaging winds and sporadic hail would remain possible with this
    activity during the evening, if not into the overnight.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Although forcing for ascent will be weak/subtle in the presence of
    the upper ridge, strong heating and weak convergence near the
    dryline/lee trough could be sufficient for isolated surface-based
    storm development by late afternoon. If so, some severe storms could
    occur with pulse-type bouts of damaging winds and large hail through early/mid-evening.

    ..Guyer.. 06/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 12, 2018 07:27:37
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    ------------=_1528788461-1857-14565
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Tue Jun 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF NORTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe storms are expected across parts of the northern
    Plains Thursday evening through the overnight.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Broad mid-level ridging and a related subsidence inversion around
    850-700mb will likely preclude thunderstorm development through much
    of the day Thursday. However, gradually falling heights and
    associated cooling/moistening aloft over western/central North
    Dakota should sufficiently weaken the inversion for severe
    thunderstorm development during the evening and early overnight
    hours. Most of these storms are expected to develop along/ahead of a
    surface front/trough pushing east through the overnight.

    Ahead of the surface boundary, a plume of upper 60s/lower 70s dew
    points will spread northward through the day, beneath very steep
    700-500mb lapse rates across much of the region. Resultant buoyancy
    should be strong, and favorable effective shear will organize
    updrafts sufficiently for a threat of very large hail and damaging
    winds with initial supercellular development. The magnitude of the
    tornado threat remains more uncertain. Although low-level shear will
    strengthen with time and eastward extent, strong downdraft momentum
    and initially modest boundary-layer flow may favor quick upscale
    growth during the evening hours. Therefore, convective mode
    evolution could limit tornadic potential late Thursday. Still, a
    damaging wind threat would likely be maintained, especially if a
    larger convective system organizes and accelerates eastward from
    North Dakota into northwest Minnesota during the overnight.

    ..Picca.. 06/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, June 19, 2018 07:28:34
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    ------------=_1529393318-1857-18546
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Tue Jun 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...AND OVER PARTS OF THE NORTHERN ROCKIES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated hail is possible on Thursday across parts of the southern
    High Plains and northern Rockies.

    ...Synopsis...
    In general, northwest flow aloft will stretch from the Pacific
    Northwest across the Plains and into the lower MS Valley on
    Thursday, with embedded shortwave troughs across the northern
    Rockies and mid MS Valley. The ID/MT trough will be accompanied by a
    cold front which will provide a focus for thunderstorms.
    Northwesterly flow aloft across the southern High Plains and
    sufficient low-level moisture will support a few storms capable of
    hail mainly over northeast NM.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    Surface winds are likely to veer to southerly by late afternoon
    across southeast CO into eastern NM, with 50s F dewpoints into
    eastern NM. Strong heating and increasing upslope flow should lead
    to a few storms, mainly from northeast NM, but possibly continuing
    eastward into the TX/OK Panhandles. Northwesterly flow aloft atop
    light southerly surface winds will lengthen hodographs, supporting a
    few cells capable of severe hail.

    ...Much of central and southwest Montana and vicinity...
    A cold front will provide a focus for storm development as the
    shortwave trough progresses east across ID and into MT. Cooling
    aloft will support at least 1000 J/kg MUCAPE, with sufficient
    deep-layer shear for a few long-lived storms capable of wind and
    hail.

    ..Jewell.. 06/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 15, 2018 07:28:55
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    ------------=_1526369339-23415-8866
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Tue May 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE THURSDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN
    COLORADO...EASTERN WYOMING ...WESTERN AND CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA AND
    NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Thursday afternoon and evening across
    parts of Front Range of the Rockies and Black Hills into the
    adjacent High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Westerlies emanating from the Pacific will remain split through this
    period and beyond, as blocking persists near the Pacific coast.
    This likely will include an increasingly prominent high centered
    near the British Columbia coast. Within the southern branch of this
    regime, fairly broad, somewhat amplified troughing is generally
    forecast to slowly progress through the Great Basin and Southwest.
    Sharp downstream ridging likely will linger across the central and
    southern Plains, although some suppression of this feature is
    possible east of the Front Range of the Rockies and Black Hills.
    Farther east, elongated troughing, in phase with troughing in the
    subtropical westerlies, is expected to persist east of the lower
    Mississippi Valley into the Caribbean. Seasonably high moisture
    content will generally remain focused within a broad plume east of
    this latter feature, wrapping around the western periphery of
    western Atlantic subtropical ridging, which may continue to build
    northwestward into portions of the Mid Atlantic. However, at least
    modest moisture levels appear likely to be maintained in
    southeasterly low-level flow across parts of the central Plains into
    the Front Range of the Rockies and Black Hills region.

    ...Front Range/Black Hills and adjacent High Plains...
    The maintenance of low-level moisture on southeasterly flow into lee
    surface troughing appears likely to contribute to moderately large
    CAPE (around/perhaps in excess of 2000 J/kg) by Thursday afternoon,
    in the presence of steep lower/mid tropospheric lapse rates. The
    various models appear similar indicating that low-level convergence
    will become focused across the plains of northeast Colorado into
    southwestern South Dakota, as a short wave impulse emerges from the
    upstream southern branch trough during the late afternoon and
    evening. Associated forcing for ascent may aid initiation of
    discrete storms off the Front Range and Black Hills, before activity
    becomes more numerous and perhaps consolidates while spreading into
    the plains by Thursday evening.

    It is possible that the short wave may be accompanied by a 30+ kt lower/mid-level speed maximum, which probably will provide
    sufficient shear, given veering of winds with height in
    lower/mid-levels, to support a few supercells initially. An upscale
    growing and organizing mesoscale convective system may not be out of
    the question during the evening hours, before activity weakens in
    waning instability Thursday night.

    ..Kerr.. 05/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 22, 2018 06:49:26
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    ------------=_1526971767-1857-2271
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220649
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220648

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0148 AM CDT Tue May 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    EASTERN DAKOTAS AND PARTS OF MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    northern Plains and upper Mississippi Valley.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper MS Valley...

    Notable short-wave trough is expected to eject across the northern
    High Plains, flattening the upper ridge over the Dakotas during the
    latter half of the period. Latest model guidance continues to
    suggest convection will likely develop downstream of this feature in
    multiple phases. Early-day convection should be driven by low-level
    warm advection and this activity is expected to develop within a
    corridor of elevated instability that will be adequately sheared for
    some organization and potential clustering. However, more
    significant thunderstorm development is possible later in the day
    along/ahead of a pre-frontal trough that should orient itself across
    the eastern Dakotas. Models are consistent in allowing appreciable heating/destabilization across the lower Red River Valley and robust thunderstorm development seems plausible by late afternoon. Will
    introduce 5% severe probs for this region to account for this
    late-day development. Some thought was given to 15% severe across
    this region but deep-layer shear is not forecast to be particularly
    strong and height falls are expected to be somewhat weak ahead of
    this feature. However, severe probs may be increased closer to the
    event if confidence in this scenario increases.

    ..Darrow.. 05/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, May 29, 2018 07:43:00
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290742

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0242 AM CDT Tue May 29 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF THE
    MIDDLE MS/LOWER OH VALLEYS AND IN PORTIONS OF EASTERN AND CENTRAL
    MT...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms are possible
    Thursday in the Missouri Ozarks into the lower Ohio Valley and in
    the northern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough over the West Coast States will shift eastward
    into the northern Intermountain West. A cold front will push
    eastward through portions of ID/MT while a warm frontal zone becomes
    better defined across the Dakotas. Models suggest a mid-level
    impulse over the central Plains --perhaps convectively augmented--
    will move east on the northern periphery of a mid-level anticyclone
    centered over northern Mexico.

    ...Eastern KS east into the lower OH/TN Valleys...
    This forecast will likely depend on mesoscale details and inherent uncertainties associated with smaller-scale features. Nonetheless,
    models suggest a weak impulse/belt of moderate westerly mid-level
    flow will move from eastern KS into the lower OH Valley by early
    evening Thursday. Some thunderstorm activity may be ongoing
    Thursday morning over the Ozark Plateau in association with this
    weak feature. One of several possible scenarios is for this
    early-day activity to weaken and additional thunderstorm development
    to occur farther east towards the MS River by early afternoon. A
    moist boundary layer will undergo strong heating and yield moderate
    buoyancy. Deep-layer shear will largely depend on the strength of
    the mid-level perturbation and a nonlinear feedback in terms of convective-scale thunderstorm organization potential. With those
    concerns stated, it appears scattered thunderstorms will develop and
    isolated hail and strong to severe gusts resulting in wind damage
    may accompany the stronger storms before weakening by early evening.

    ...MT and western ND into eastern ID...
    Models indicate the eastward progression of mid-level trough into
    this area during the Day 3 period. As large-scale ascent increases
    during the day, isolated to scattered thunderstorms will likely
    develop by late afternoon. Forecast soundings show deep-layer shear
    supportive of thunderstorm organization. A low-level moisture axis
    is depicted from the western Dakotas into northeast MT. It is here
    where buoyancy is likely to be greatest. Severe gusts/hail are
    forecast to be the primary risks with the stronger storms.

    ..Smith.. 05/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 25, 2018 07:32:30
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Mon Jun 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE OHIO
    VALLEY EASTWARD INTO WESTERN VIRGINIA AND PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible from the Ohio Valley
    eastward into western Pennsylvania and Virginia on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough will move eastward across the Ohio valley during
    they day, and will lose amplitude as it continues across the
    Northeast. At the surface, low pressure will move from Lower MI
    across the lower Great Lakes, with a cold front trailing
    southwestward across Ohio and into the middle MS Valley. Ahead of
    the low, substantial southwesterly flow will spread warm and moist
    air northward, with widespread upper 60s F dewpoints supporting
    areas of moderate instability.

    To the west, fast zonal flow aloft will exist across the northern
    Rockies into the northern Plains, with rising heights overnight as
    an upper trough develops over the northwestern states. A nocturnal
    southerly low-level jet will transport a moist and unstable air mass
    northwest across the northern Plains, possibly supporting isolated
    marginal storms.

    ...OH/WV/PA and surrounding states...
    A large area of strong instability will exist across much of the OH
    and TN Valleys, with MLCAPE in excess of 2000 J/kg common. Flow
    aloft with the upper wave will result in marginally favorable wind
    profiles supportive of clusters of severe storms, and a zone of
    veering winds with height across PA into WV may enhance SRH and
    support an isolated supercell. However, scattered storms are
    possible throughout the day producing rain and outflow, which lends
    uncertainty to placing a Slight Risk due to air mass contamination.

    ..Jewell.. 06/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 02, 2018 07:31:55
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Mon Jul 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF MINNESOTA...WISCONSIN AND THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms will be possible Wednesday from eastern
    Minnesota into northern Wisconsin and the upper Peninsula of
    Michigan.

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley into the Great Lakes region...

    Shortwave trough will advance northeast and east over south central
    Canada Wednesday, glancing the ND and MN international border. This
    feature will continue east through southern Ontario Wednesday night. Accompanying cold front should extend across the eastern Dakotas
    Wednesday morning, but continue through the upper MS Valley during
    the day. It is likely that some storms may be ongoing along a
    portion of this boundary. But a moist warm sector will reside
    downstream, and diabatic heating should boost MLCAPE to 2000-3000
    J/kg. Storms are expected to redevelop along the front from eastern
    SD into MN as the boundary layer destabilizes during the afternoon.
    Belt of stronger winds aloft accompanying the upper trough will
    remain near the international border, with weaker kinematic profiles
    with southward extent through MN into SD and IA. Mostly multicells
    are expected with some supercell structures also possible over
    northern MN. Activity should evolve into dominant linear modes along
    the front with damaging wind and large hail the main threats as
    activity develops eastward during the afternoon and evening.

    ..Dial.. 07/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 11, 2018 07:32:03
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    ------------=_1528702326-1857-13825
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Mon Jun 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms are possible over a portion of the
    central Plains. Other strong storms may occur over the Middle
    Atlantic region.

    ...Central Plains region...

    Warm front will advance north through KS during the day, reaching NE
    during the evening into the overnight. This will result in richer
    low-level moisture returning north beneath belt of stronger but
    modest westerlies. The atmosphere should become moderately unstable
    in warm sector, but a capping inversion and weak forcing lowers
    confidence in overall storm initiation and coverage during the
    afternoon. Current thinking is that a few storms could develop
    farther west over the higher terrain of CO and WY and subsequently
    spread northeast. The favorable thermodynamic environment and
    sufficient vertical shear for updraft rotation will support a risk
    for severe storms. Other storms are expected during the overnight as
    the low-level jet strengthens and augments isentropic ascent on cool
    side of warm front from eastern NE, southeast SD and western IA.
    These storms may pose a risk for mainly hail.

    ...Middle Atlantic region into the Northeast States...

    Potential will exist for numerous showers and storms to be ongoing
    in association with a weak, low amplitude shortwave trough from the
    southern Appalachians into the Northeast States. While stronger
    winds aloft associated with an upstream northern-stream shortwave
    trough will overspread the pre-frontal warm sector over a portion of
    this area, too much uncertainty exists regarding evolution of the
    thermodynamic environment to introduce severe probabilities at this
    time.

    ..Dial.. 06/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 11, 2018 19:46:05
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    ACUS03 KWNS 111945
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111945

    Day 3 Convective Outlook AMEND 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0245 PM CDT Mon Jun 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF NEW
    YORK AND NORTHERN PENNSYLVANIA WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON...

    AMENDED TO INCREASE SEVERE PROBABILITIES IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED
    STATES.

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be possible across parts of New York into
    Pennsylvania Wednesday afternoon. Meanwhile, a few strong to severe
    storms are possible through the central Appalachians and Ohio
    Valley, and over a portion of the central Plains.

    ...NY/PA/western New England into the Ohio Valley...
    Confidence has increased in the potential for an organized
    severe-weather threat to occur Wednesday afternoon across parts of
    NY and PA where a Slight risk area is being introduced in this Day 3
    Outlook update. Severe storm coverage should be generally more
    isolated with south and southwest extent into the central
    Appalachians and Ohio Valley, where a Marginal risk area has been
    added. Strong wind gusts producing tree damage and downed power
    lines should be the primary severe risk, though a hail threat cannot
    be ruled out.

    The 12Z ECMWF has come into fairly good agreement with the last few
    runs of the GFS, indicating a progressive northern-stream shortwave
    trough will advance into southeast Ontario, NY and northern PA with
    30-60 meter 500-mb 12-hour height falls Wednesday afternoon and
    evening. A low-amplitude wave, preceding the more prominent trough,
    should move across the middle Atlantic region and much of New
    England, as a warm front advances northeast. Early day convection
    will be possible with these latter synoptic features.

    Although midlevel lapse rates should be weak, diabatic heating in
    the wake of Wednesday morning convection within a moistening
    boundary layer suggest the environment could become moderately
    unstable (MLCAPE around 1000 J/kg) by peak heating. Timing of
    strong forcing for ascent attendant to the exit region of a 60-70 kt
    500-mb jet accompanying the midlevel trough and a cold front
    advancing into the destabilizing warm sector should support a
    corridor of strong/damaging wind gusts across parts of NY and
    northern PA, as low-level westerly winds also strengthen. Farther
    south and southwest, instability will be moderate to support storms,
    though shear will be weak suggesting a low probability
    severe-weather threat.

    ...See Previous discussion for the rest of the Day 3 Outlook...
    ...Central Plains region...
    Warm front will advance north through KS during the day, reaching NE
    during the evening into the overnight. This will result in richer
    low-level moisture returning north beneath belt of stronger but
    modest westerlies. The atmosphere should become moderately unstable
    in warm sector, but a capping inversion and weak forcing lowers
    confidence in overall storm initiation and coverage during the
    afternoon. Current thinking is that a few storms could develop
    farther west over the higher terrain of CO and WY and subsequently
    spread northeast. The favorable thermodynamic environment and
    sufficient vertical shear for updraft rotation will support a risk
    for severe storms. Other storms are expected during the overnight as
    the low-level jet strengthens and augments isentropic ascent on cool
    side of warm front from eastern NE, southeast SD and western IA.
    These storms may pose a risk for mainly hail.

    ..Peters.. 06/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 18, 2018 07:32:31
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    ------------=_1529307154-1857-17757
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Mon Jun 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS AND MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible Wednesday across portions of
    the central and southern Plains and lower Missouri Valley, and over
    portions of the mid-Atlantic region.

    ...Synopsis...
    The persistent upper low over the Great Basin will
    elongate/redevelop into the central Plains on Wednesday while
    upper-level high pressure remains established over much of the
    southern CONUS. An upper trough over the northeast U.S. will move
    east. A frontal boundary will extend from the mid-Atlantic region
    west to a developing low pressure center near the NE/KS border
    Wednesday afternoon, and then extend southwest as a cold front into
    the TX Panhandle.

    ...Central/southern Plains and lower MO Valley...
    A mature MCS will likely be ongoing at 12Z Wednesday across central KS/northwest OK, and the longevity of these storms later in the day
    casts uncertainty on the evolution of afternoon severe potential.
    As diurnal destabilization occurs downstream, it is probable that
    thunderstorm intensity will increase along the remnant outflow
    boundary or cold front from southeast NE south into central OK, and northwesterly deep shear will support organized storms capable of
    damaging winds, with hail possible with the strongest updrafts.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Strong heating will occur again Wednesday, and thunderstorms should
    develop near a lee surface trough and an east-west front. A
    mid-level impulse moving through the base of the upper trough will
    provide large-scale lift, contributing to scattered thunderstorm
    development within a very moist/unstable air mass. Very steep
    low-level lapse rates and water loading within updrafts will result
    in a risk for damaging winds as storms move east towards the coast.

    ..Bunting.. 06/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 21, 2018 07:07:20
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210706

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 AM CDT Mon May 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    PLAINS AND MIDDLE ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across much of the Plains
    while strong storms may develop across Virginia/North Carolina.

    ...Plains...

    Remnants of an upper low over southern CA will eject across the
    Great Basin into MT during the day3 period as a corridor of somewhat
    stronger mid-level flow translates across eastern WY into the Black
    Hills region. Even so, this belt of stronger flow will only be on
    the order of 30-40kt at 500mb, but more than adequate for sustaining
    organized updrafts along western plume of moisture/instability. One
    negative for widespread convection across the northern High Plains
    region will be the neutral/weak height rises despite the presence of
    the aforementioned short wave. Latest thinking is strong
    boundary-layer heating and orographic influences will contribute to
    convective development, some of which will likely be robust in
    nature. Low-level warm advection will likely induce strong
    convection across the Dakotas as LLJ is expected to veer into
    southeast SD during the latter half of the period.

    ...VA/NC...

    Northwesterly flow will deepen across the Middle Atlantic/Southeast
    into the day3 period as a strong short-wave trough digs across
    northern New England. This northwesterly flow will encourage a
    surface front to surge into VA early in the period before moving off
    the Carolina coast during the overnight hours. Strong heating ahead
    of this boundary, along with modest mid-level flow, suggest any
    storms that form along the front could produce gusty winds/hail.

    ..Darrow.. 05/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 28, 2018 07:31:57
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Mon May 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN ID
    INTO SOUTHWEST MT...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to widely scattered severe thunderstorms are possible over
    parts of Idaho and Montana Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave trough over southern British Columbia/Northern
    Rockies will move into Alberta/Saskatchewan Wednesday and weaken
    while a downstream disturbance weakens over the Upper Midwest. The
    remnant of Alberto will move northward into the Great Lakes region.
    Farther south, weak mid-level ridging is forecast over the
    south-central U.S. In the low levels, a cold front over the
    northwestern CONUS will decelerate as it moves through portions of
    MT and ID. A fragmented composite boundary may be located near the
    KS/OK border and extend westward to Raton Mesa and the CO Front
    Range.

    ...Northern NV into the ID Snake Valley and central MT...
    Strong heating ahead of a cold front will destabilize the airmass
    from northern NV northeast into southwest MT during day. Although
    stronger forcing for ascent will pass to the north of the region,
    the trailing lobe of mid-level forcing for ascent within a belt of
    strong 40-50 kt 500-mb flow is forecast. Forecast soundings show
    relatively deep and well-mixed boundary layers with veering winds
    gradually strengthening with height. Hail/wind will probably
    accompany the stronger storms before activity weakens by the mid
    evening.

    ...Great Lakes...
    The remnants of Alberto will move north through parts of the central
    Great Lakes. Stronger low-level flow in the northeast quadrant will
    enlarge hodographs. Lapse rates will be poor but very moist low
    levels and the background low-level wind field may support a few
    weakly rotating updrafts coincident with the diurnal cycle.

    ...Raton Mesa vicinity...
    A composite boundary will likely stall in the vicinity of the
    south-central High Plains. Strong heating and orographic lift will
    aid in isolated thunderstorms developing by late afternoon.
    Isolated hail/wind will be the primary risks.

    ..Smith.. 05/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, June 04, 2018 07:30:31
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    ------------=_1528097435-1857-9945
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Mon Jun 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF THE
    UPPER MS/MID MO VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe storms will be possible across parts of
    the upper Mississippi and mid Missouri Valleys on Wednesday. A few
    severe storms will also be possible from the northern Rockies to the central/northern High Plains through Wednesday night.

    ...Upper Mississippi/Mid Missouri Valleys...
    As a low-amplitude impulse crosses northern Minnesota and glances
    the region early in the period, a decaying convective system may be
    ongoing across portions of central/southern Minnesota. Along its
    southwestern edge, outflow boundaries and/or residual convection may
    serve as a focus for convective re-intensification during the
    afternoon and evening. Most guidance suggests a tongue of surface
    dew points in the mid/upper 60s should stretch from northeast
    Nebraska into southern Minnesota, offering fairly robust mixed-layer
    CAPE. Additionally, with the region on the southern periphery of
    stronger mid-level westerlies, effective shear should be sufficient
    for occasional updraft organization. Given steep low/mid-level lapse
    rates in place, stronger convection will likely be capable of large
    hail and damaging winds.

    Through the evening, cells may grow upscale as they approach the
    Missouri Valley. The combination of modest west/northwesterly flow
    aloft and the aforementioned reservoir of moderate/strong
    mixed-layer CAPE to the southwest will potentially yield a south or
    even southwestward system motion, with damaging winds being the
    primary threat into the overnight hours.

    ...Northern Rockies to the High Plains...
    As surface flow turns southeasterly across parts of southern Montana
    and northern/eastern Wyoming, this flow regime is expected to transport/maintain dew points into the 50s over parts of the region
    through late Wednesday. Combined with favorably steep mid-level
    lapse rates, these surface conditions will likely yield pockets of
    at least moderate mixed-layer CAPE. Uncertainty remains in the timing/location/coverage of convective development, however, as the
    region will be under the influence of broad/modest southwesterly
    flow, characterized by subtle leading impulses ahead of a primary
    impulse lifting across California/Nevada. Therefore, while any
    deep/mature convection will have a potential for damaging winds and
    large hail, coverage during peak heating/instability remains
    unclear, such that only a marginal risk is introduced at this time.
    A slight may be warranted in later outlooks, though.

    Pending sufficient convective coverage, cells may grow upscale
    overnight, with an attendant damaging wind threat, as they shift
    towards the High Plains.

    ..Picca.. 06/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 24, 2018 07:26:58
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    ------------=_1529825222-7074-1596
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sun Jun 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    KANSAS INTO NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe storms are possible on Tuesday across
    eastern Iowa, much of Illinois, southern Wisconsin, Missouri, and
    eastern Kansas.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper low will from the upper MS Valley toward the upper Great
    Lakes on Tuesday, providing cooling aloft and enhanced midlevel
    flow. A warm front will lift north across WI and MI, with a cold
    front extending from a surface low from southern MN into eastern KS
    by 00Z. Upper 60s to near 70 F dewpoints will spread north ahead of
    the low, resulting in ample instability for severe storms. A
    southwesterly low-level jet will increase lift and moisture
    transport, and increase low-level shear especially near the low and
    warm front. A few supercells are possible, along with tornado
    potential. Supercells producing large hail are also likely
    especially extending southwest across MO and KS where instability
    will be greatest. One complicating factor to this forecast will be
    the potential for early day storms which will affect air mass
    quality. In addition, while southern parts of the risk area will be
    very unstable, upper heights will rise with veering winds aloft as
    the trough departs.

    ..Jewell.. 06/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 01, 2018 07:36:23
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010735

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0235 AM CDT Sun Jul 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION
    OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms will be possible Tuesday over a portion of
    the northern Plains and upper Mississippi Valley.

    ...Northern Plains through Upper Mississippi Valley...

    With exception of a lead impulse expected to move through ND early
    Tuesday, shortwave ridging will build over the northern Plains
    during the day as an upstream shortwave trough amplifies over the
    northern Rockies. Storms may be ongoing over a portion of ND into
    northern MN within zone of isentropic ascent north of a warm front.
    A dryline will extend south through the central High Plains, with a
    cold front farther west across eastern MT. With ample low-level
    moisture in place (mid-upper 60s F dewpoints), the warm sector
    should become moderately unstable as diabatic heating commences.
    However, current indications are that a plume of warm air at the
    base of the elevated mixed layer will have overspread the warm
    sector contributing to a capping inversion. This in conjunction with
    weak forcing for ascent associated with shortwave ridging aloft
    lowers confidence in extent of thunderstorm initiation over the
    eastern Dakotas during the day. Despite the favorable thermodynamic
    environment and sufficient vertical shear for organized storms, will
    introduce marginal risk category for now given the uncertainties,
    but a categorical upgrade will probably be needed in later updates.

    Isolated storms may develop farther south and west in weaker shear
    environment within zone of deep mixing along the dryline, posing a
    threat for isolated downburst winds.

    During the evening and overnight additional storms may develop from
    eastern MT into northeast WY along cold front and in association
    with northeast-ejecting shortwave trough. This activity may undergo
    some strengthening, posing a risk for hail and strong to damaging
    wind gusts as it encounters greater low-level moisture to the east.

    ..Dial.. 07/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, May 14, 2018 07:21:53
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    ------------=_1526282516-23415-8091
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Mon May 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS THE HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong thunderstorms are possible across the High Plains
    Wednesday afternoon and evening, accompanied by some risk for severe
    hail and wind.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that westerlies emanating from the Pacific will
    remain split through this period, with a continuing gradual
    readjustment of the general blocking pattern near the Pacific coast.
    Within the southern stream, a mid-level low appears likely to
    gradually migrate inland of the California coast. Downstream, it
    appears that ridging may sharpen across the central and southern
    High Plains, and weak troughing to the east may gradually dig and
    come in phase with troughing in the subtropical stream, across and
    east of the lower Mississippi Valley southward toward the northwest
    Caribbean. Within the eastern periphery of this troughing, the
    remnants of a lower/mid tropospheric low may accelerate northward,
    toward and perhaps inland of the Florida Panhandle coast.

    Meanwhile, within the northern branch, seasonably strong cyclonic
    mid-level flow may begin to shift out of the Northeast.
    Modification of the associated shallow influx of cooler
    surface-based air may commence, particularly across the Ohio Valley
    and the lee of the lower Great Lakes. But drier and more stable
    conditions probably will preclude thunderstorm development.

    While seasonably moist air continues to overspread much of the
    Southeast, steeper lower/mid tropospheric lapse rates associated
    with elevated mixed-layer air may become increasingly confined to
    the immediate lee of the Rockies. These trends, coupled with the
    maintenance of generally weak large-scale flow, at least in areas
    that may experience appreciable destabilization, suggest generally
    limited potential for severe storm development. Vertical shear
    across the High Plains, largely due to veering with height, could
    become sufficient to enhance convective development Wednesday
    afternoon and evening. This is expected to generally become focused
    along the lee trough across the northern Plains, and along a remnant front/outflow boundary across the southern Plains. However, even
    across these areas, potential severe storm coverage is expected to
    remain relatively sparse.

    ..Kerr.. 05/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 03, 2018 07:30:25
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1528011028-1857-9405
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sun Jun 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...SOUTHERN PLAINS...AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms will be possible across parts of the northern
    Plains, southern Plains, and lower Mississippi Valley Tuesday into
    Tuesday night.

    ...Northern Plains...
    A mid-level ridge will remain positioned from Mexico
    north/northeastward to Manitoba and western Ontario on Tuesday.
    Within the resultant west/southwesterly flow regime over the
    northern Plains, one or more low-amplitude impulses will approach
    the region through the day. At the surface, a cold front will
    eventually push east from Montana into North Dakota, although the
    timing remains uncertain (due to questions regarding the evolution
    of previously mentioned subtle impulses). Ahead of the front, dry
    air aloft (associated with the northern fringe of an EML) may
    prohibit deep convection during the daytime hours. Thereafter,
    storms are expected to organize at the nose of a strengthening
    low-level jet. With steep lapse rates aloft and ample effective
    shear, these storms will pose a potential for large hail and perhaps
    damaging winds. Although a slight risk may be needed in later
    outlooks, much of this convection could ultimately remain in
    southern Canada Tuesday night. Furthermore, uncertainty regarding
    the timing/amplitude of approaching impulses (and where convection
    is eventually focused) also limits predictability, precluding higher
    severe probabilities at this time.

    ...Southern Plains and Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Most guidance suggests convection will likely be ongoing near the
    Arklatex Tuesday morning, aided by the nose of a residual
    southwesterly low-level jet near the Red River Valley. Through the
    morning and afternoon, these cells may propagate south/southeastward
    into a corridor of greater buoyancy (driven by a tongue of richer
    moisture) extending south/southeast towards the lower Mississippi
    Valley. These storms would have a potential for localized damaging
    winds and marginally severe hail.

    Although the mid-level ridge will gradually build over the High
    Plains, several very weak/subtle perturbations rounding the ridge
    may yield isolated convection along the dryline in the
    Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles during the afternoon/evening. A hot, well
    mixed boundary layer and weakly veering flow with height may support
    adequate updraft organization for a few downbursts and isolated
    severe hail.

    ..Picca.. 06/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 10, 2018 07:32:56
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Sun Jun 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe storms will be possible Tuesday afternoon and
    evening over a portion of the central and southern High Plains.
    Other strong storms are possible over a portion of the Ohio and
    Tennessee Valleys.

    ...Central and Southern High Plains region.

    Western extension of cold front will stall over northern OK or KS
    with easterly upslope flow regime becoming established north of this
    boundary. This should result in 50s F dewpoints advecting through
    eastern CO beneath thermodynamic profiles with steep lapse rates
    while mid to upper 60s F dewpoints reside farther east. These
    processes and diabatic warming should result in moderate to strong
    instability with MLCAPE from 1500-3000 J/kg. A capping inversion
    should limit thunderstorm initiation until late afternoon or early
    evening when storms may develop over the higher terrain and spread
    east, other storms may develop farther east near the intersection of
    the dryline and cold front as well as overnight across KS in modest
    warm advection regime. Potential will exist for weak impulses to
    move along northern periphery of the upper ridge, and any such
    feature may help to increase storm coverage, especially during the
    evening as the low-level jet increases. While winds aloft will
    remain modest, sufficient directional shear (35-40 kt 0-6 km) will
    exist to support some organized structures, but storms may
    eventually congeal into an MCS overnight. Damaging wind and large
    hail will be the main threats.

    ...Ohio and Tennessee Valley region...

    A few strong multicells with damaging wind may develop during the
    afternoon with cold front and outflow boundaries helping to focus
    storms within the moderately unstable, but weakly sheared
    environment.

    ..Dial.. 06/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, June 17, 2018 07:31:25
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    ------------=_1529220688-1857-17195
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Jun 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE FRONT
    RANGE OF NORTHEAST CO/SOUTHEAST WY EAST INTO THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be possible Tuesday from the central Plains into
    the Front Range of northeast Colorado and southeast Wyoming.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough over the central Rockies will move into the
    central Plains Tuesday with upper-level high pressure remaining over
    the southeast U.S. An east-west front will extend from the
    mid-Atlantic west through the OH Valley and central Plains Tuesday
    afternoon.

    ...Front range to Central Plains...
    Moderate/pockets of strong instability will once again be in place
    in the vicinity of the east-west frontal boundary Tuesday afternoon,
    with thunderstorms developing in the vicinity of the front as
    daytime heating reduces CINH, and over the higher terrain of CO and
    southeast WY aided by moist upslope flow. Vertical wind shear over
    the front range/central High Plains of 35-40 kts will support
    updraft organization, and a few supercells will be possible.
    Steepening mid-level lapse rates over the high Plains will support
    some risk for large hail, and strong daytime heating/resulting steep
    low-level lapse rates favor strong winds with a few storms. Warm
    advection with a modest nocturnally strengthening low-level jet may
    result in upscale growth during the evening hours.

    ...OH Valley/Mid Atlantic...
    At least some potential for severe storms will exist along the front
    Tuesday afternoon from the OH Valley east to the mid-Atlantic coast
    as moderate instability should be in place. Have opted to defer to
    later outlooks for introduction of severe probabilities as
    uncertainties regarding frontal position, magnitude of vertical
    shear, and impacts of antecedent convection are resolved.

    ..Bunting.. 06/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 13, 2018 07:18:47
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CDT Sun May 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC
    COAST STATES AND PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact portions of the northern Mid
    Atlantic Coast states, as well as portions of the southern Plains,
    Tuesday afternoon and evening, accompanied by at least some risk for
    severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    The blocking pattern of prior days, centered near the Pacific coast,
    may become less prominent during this period. But, the mid-latitude
    westerlies emanating from the Pacific will remain split. In the
    northern branch, broad ridging appears likely to persist near the
    western through central Canadian/U.S. border area, with broad
    downstream troughing across eastern Canada and adjacent portions of
    northern New England. In phase with this regime, a vigorous short
    wave trough of Arctic origins is forecast to accelerate eastward
    across northern Quebec/Newfoundland and Labrador, into the
    northwestern Atlantic by late Tuesday night. In its wake, an
    associated significant cold front may stall north of the Great Lakes
    while spreading toward northern New England, but a preceding influx
    of cooler air may still overspread much of the lower Great
    Lakes/upper Ohio Valley and Northeast.

    Farther south, developments in the southern branch are a bit more
    unclear, but guidance generally appears to indicate that flow may
    transition to broadly anticyclonic across the Southwest through the
    southern Rockies and southern High Plains, and broadly cyclonic
    across the central Plains through the Ohio Valley. Within the
    subtropical westerlies, an evolving lower/mid tropospheric low may
    tend to slowly drift northward across the northeast Gulf, toward the
    Gulf coast.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley/northern Mid Atlantic Coast states...
    Ahead of the southward advancing front, models suggest that
    mid-level lapse rates may remain steep enough to contribute to a
    corridor of moderate CAPE on the order of 1000-2000 J/kg with
    insolation by Tuesday afternoon. Coupled with favorable shear
    beneath 30-50 kt mid-level flow on the southern fringe of the
    stronger westerlies, the environment may become conducive to one or
    more organizing clusters of storms, accompanied by a risk for severe
    wind/hail.

    ...Parts of southern Plains...
    Considerable uncertainty exists concerning smaller scale
    developments impacting the region during this period, and the
    evolution of convection Monday/Monday night may play a considerable
    role. However, moderate to strong destabilization appears possible
    during the day Tuesday, generally focused along a remnant front or
    convective outflow and a diffuse dryline. Although wind fields and
    associated deep layer shear are expected to remain modest to weak,
    the environment may still become conducive for an isolated supercell
    or two, and perhaps an upscale growing cluster of storms with a risk
    for severe hail and wind.

    ..Kerr.. 05/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 20, 2018 06:31:46
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200631
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200630

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 AM CDT Sun May 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN
    NM AND WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong thunderstorms are expected across eastern New Mexico
    and west Texas Tuesday afternoon.

    ...Eastern NM/Western TX...

    Upper low that is expected to drift into the lower CO River Valley
    is forecast to weaken and lift northeast into the Great Basin during
    the latter half of the period. As a result, weak height rises are
    expected across the southern High Plains as primary corridor of
    stronger mid-level flow extends across southern AZ into central CO.
    Model guidance suggest strong boundary-layer heating will be noted
    across eastern NM/west TX such that convective temperatures should
    easily be breached by late afternoon. Favorable low-level
    trajectories will maintain adequate moisture across this region for
    ample instability required for robust updrafts. Even so, deep-layer
    shear will be seasonally weak but likely sufficient for isolated
    severe thunderstorms capable of generating hail/wind. This activity
    will be strongly diurnal in nature.

    ...Elsewhere...

    Unusually weak steering currents for mid may are expected to persist
    across much of the CONUS outside of the northeastern US. This flow
    regime leads to low predictability regarding organized severe
    thunderstorms despite the likelihood for isolated severe in various
    locations across the country, primarily east of the Rockies. Late
    evening guidance suggest low-level warm advection may induce deep
    convection across the northern Plains late and conceivably this
    activity could generate some hail.

    Another region where a few severe thunderstorms could evolve will be
    across portions of the OH Valley along the southwestern flank of
    stronger flow associated with a short-wave trough. If adequate
    instability can develop across portions of OH/western PA/western NY
    there is some concern for robust convection. However, predictability
    is just too low at this time to issue severe probabilities.

    ..Darrow.. 05/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 27, 2018 07:26:49
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Sun May 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AREA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/locally severe storms are progged across portions of the
    Plains on Tuesday. A couple of brief tornadoes may also occur in
    conjunction with Alberto.

    ...Synopsis...
    Short-wave troughing ejecting from the Rockies is expected to
    continue northeastward across the central and northern Plains Day
    3/Tuesday, as a second trough digs southeastward out of the
    northeast Pacific toward the West Coast.

    At the surface, a cold front associated with the advancing western
    upper trough is forecast to shift across the northwestern portions
    of the country, while a combination of ill-defined troughing and
    convective outflow crosses the Plains. Farther east, remnants of
    Alberto are forecast to be crossing the Tennessee Valley area, per
    latest NHC forecasts.

    ...Northern and central Plains area...
    A complex/uncertain severe-weather forecast is evident across the
    Plains, with several episodes of intervening storms to have occurred
    over the region on prior days -- including likelihood for
    widespread/ongoing convection Tuesday morning.

    With flow surrounding the ejecting trough likely to be somewhat
    weaker Tuesday as compared to Monday, and with substantial concerns
    regarding recovery of the airmass after expected/substantial
    overturning, identifying corridors of potentially greater severe
    risk will be largely delayed until future outlooks.

    With that said, greatest potential for airmass recovery/afternoon destabilization appears to exist over the Kansas vicinity, on the
    southern portion of the expected zone of the most active/widespread
    Day 2 convection. With shear sufficient for organized storms
    anticipated to exist, will highlight a small 15% risk area centered
    over central Kansas, within a broad MRGL risk area extending from
    the north-central states to Oklahoma.

    ...Mid-south/southern Appalachians region and vicinity...
    Remnants of Alberto are forecast to be shifting northward
    into/across the Tennessee Valley Tuesday. While the circulation
    should weaken with time, ample low-level shear will likely persist
    within the northeast quadrant of the system to support a continued
    risk for a couple brief tornadoes.

    ..Goss.. 05/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 06, 2018 06:52:16
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060652
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060651

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 AM CDT Fri Jul 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE EASTERN
    DAKOTAS TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible Sunday from the
    eastern Dakotas to Lake Superior.

    ...Eastern Dakotas to the Upper Great Lakes...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move from northern Ontario to
    Quebec during the day as a belt of strong mid-level flow remains
    confined to the Pacific Northwest and northern tier of states.
    Concurrently, a mid-level anticyclone will enlarge over much of the
    central and southern CONUS. A cold front, associated with the
    departing disturbance over Ontario, will slide southeast into the
    SD/ND/MN vicinity during the afternoon. A moist/capped boundary
    layer south of the boundary will destabilize during the day and
    convective inhibition will weaken by mid-late afternoon. Weak
    convergence near the windshift may aid in isolated thunderstorms
    developing late in the day. Organized thunderstorms will be
    potentially capable of an isolated risk for hail/wind before the
    activity weakens during the evening.

    ..Smith.. 07/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 08, 2018 07:22:05
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Sun Jul 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN MONTANA INTO WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible over central
    Montana into western North Dakota on Tuesday.

    ...MT and ND...
    Models are in fairly good agreement in showing the progression of a
    shortwave trough moving from WA/OR to southern Alberta/MT by early
    evening and subsequently evolving into a closed low over central
    Saskatchewan by daybreak Wednesday. A belt of stronger 500mb flow
    (40+ kt) will overspread western and central MT by the afternoon
    with weak 500mb height falls. A surface low will correspondingly
    develop over central MT with low-level easterly flow extending from
    a moisture reservoir over the Dakotas (65-70 degrees F dewpoints)
    westward into central MT (upper 50s dewpoints). Models vary
    regarding thunderstorm coverage but isolated to potentially
    scattered thunderstorms will probably develop during the afternoon.
    Severe gusts/hail are the primary risks with the stronger storms.
    This activity will likely move/develop farther east during the
    evening as a cold front pushes eastward over MT.

    ...Elsewhere...
    Diurnal thunderstorm development is forecast over the Desert
    Southwest and the Gulf Coast into much of the eastern U.S. Locally strong/damaging gusts are possible but predictability/coverage
    concerns preclude low-severe probabilities.

    ..Smith.. 07/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 09, 2018 07:04:56
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Mon Jul 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NORTH
    DAKOTA INTO CENTRAL AND NORTHERN MINNESOTA AND FAR NORTHWEST
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible over portions of the Upper Midwest
    on Wednesday.

    ...Upper Midwest into the north-central High Plains...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move slowly eastward across the
    southern Prairie Provinces while a ridge is shunted eastward into WI
    and central Ontario. A cold front is forecast to push east over the
    Dakotas with the trailing portion of the boundary arcing into the
    central High Plains. It is along this boundary over the Upper
    Midwest where thunderstorm development is favored during the day and
    later during the evening into the overnight over the north-central
    Plains. Moist southerly low-level flow will veer to westerly in the
    mid levels resulting in a wind profile supporting organized storms.
    Ample buoyancy, provided in part by upper 60s to lower 70s surface
    dewpoints, will invigorate updrafts/storms that will probably
    develop by early evening coincident with a weakening cap. With the
    primary lobe of forcing for ascent expected to be displaced north
    over western Ontario, heating and perhaps a disturbance of
    convective origin from Tuesday night may lead to scattered
    thunderstorm development over the Upper Midwest. A cluster of
    strong to severe thunderstorms (capable of hail/wind) could evolve
    within the LLJ during the evening with damaging gusts becoming the
    primary severe hazard with time.

    Farther west, diurnal thunderstorms are expected over northern
    CO/southern WY, with a marginal hail/wind threat possible with the
    stronger storms. Later in the evening, isolated elevated
    thunderstorms may develop along and north of the trailing boundary
    over the Great Plains. A localized strong/severe risk may accompany
    this activity.

    ..Smith.. 07/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 10, 2018 07:05:59
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100705
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100705

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CDT Tue Jul 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER
    NORTHEAST/CENTRAL WI...SOUTHEAST MN...AND FAR NORTHEAST IA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Upper
    Midwest on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging will remain centered over the mid MS Valley for much
    of the period with a secondary ridge farther west over the Great
    Basin. A belt of enhanced westerly flow will extend from the Pacific
    Northwest along the international border and into Ontario. An
    embedded shortwave trough is expected to move from central Manitoba eastward/northeastward into northwestern Ontario while an attendant
    cold front moves southeastward across the Upper Midwest and middle
    MO Valley.

    ...Upper Midwest/Middle MO Valley...
    Airmass ahead of the approaching cold front will likely be
    characterized by dewpoints in the upper 60s/low 70s and afternoon
    temperatures in upper 80s/low 90s. Mid-level lapse rates are not
    expected to be particularly steep but the warm and moist low levels
    will still help support airmass destabilization and strong
    instability. Thunderstorm development is anticipated along and just
    ahead of the cold front with a predominately linear mode supporting
    a primary severe threat of damaging wind gusts. Hail is also
    possible, particularly across central WI where the vertical shear is
    expected to be stronger than areas farther southeast.

    Western portion of the front will likely stall across NE during the
    late afternoon. The resulting frontal zone will couple with a modest
    low-level jet to promote warm-air advection and thunderstorm
    development along and north of the stalled front during the evening
    and overnight. Current expectation is for the generally weak
    vertical shear to preclude severe thunderstorms.

    ..Mosier.. 07/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 11, 2018 06:51:03
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 110650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110649

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CDT Wed Jul 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not currently anticipated across the Lower
    48 States on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Expansive upper ridging centered over the mid MS valley will remain
    largely in place throughout the period, with a secondary ridge also
    centered over the northern Great Basin. Some northern building of
    this ridge is anticipated, pushing much the enhanced westerly flow
    into southern Canada. The only exception is over the Great Lakes,
    where the southern extent of a shortwave trough moving through
    Ontario will graze the region, accompanied by a modest increase in
    mid-level flow.

    Despite scattered thunderstorm coverage across much of the southern
    tier of the CONUS as well as from the central Plains through the mid
    MO valley, the weakly sheared environment across the majority of the
    CONUS will temper the overall severe thunderstorm chances. A strong
    storm is two is possible along or just north a stalled front
    extending across southern NE northeastward through IA into southern
    WI. Elected to not introduce any severe probabilities with this
    forecast, although some may eventually be needed along this corridor
    once the forecast scenario becomes clearer.

    ..Mosier.. 07/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 12, 2018 07:00:11
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 120700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Thu Jul 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not currently anticipated across the
    continental United States on Saturday.

    ...Discussion...
    Upper pattern across the majority of Lower 48 will remain dominated
    by ridging, although some dampening of the upper ridge is expected
    as a shortwave trough moves through the Canadian Prairie provinces.
    At the surface, a stalled and decaying front will likely extend from
    KS into the Upper Midwest with showers and thunderstorms possible
    along it throughout the day. Somewhat greater thunderstorm coverage
    is anticipated across the middle MS valley, amidst the very moist
    airmass just ahead of the stalled front. Weak vertical shear is
    expected to limit storm organization with a generally transient
    multicell mode anticipated.

    Farther north, cold front attendant to the Canadian Prairie
    shortwave trough is expected to move into the northern Plains during
    the late afternoon and evening. A stronger storm or two is possible
    across ND as the front interacts with the unstable airmass over the
    area. However, the quick frontal progression will likely lead to a
    tendency for undercutting, particularly given the relatively weak
    vertical shear and mitigated storm motion. As such, the current
    expectation is for severe coverage to be less than 5%, precluding
    the need to delineate any threat areas with this forecast.

    ..Mosier.. 07/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 13, 2018 07:27:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 130727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Fri Jul 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHEAST...CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal severe threat with hail and strong wind gusts will be
    possible on Sunday afternoon in parts of the Northeast, upper
    Mississippi Valley and central High Plains.

    ...Northeast...
    An upper-level trough and an associated cold front is forecast to
    move across the Northeast on Sunday. Ahead of the front, the models
    are forecasting surface dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F which
    should result in some destabilization by afternoon. Although the
    exact timing of the upper-level trough is uncertain, the cold front
    should located in the central part of New England by afternoon. GFS
    forecast soundings across southern New England at 21Z Sunday show
    MLCAPE around 1000 J/kg with 0-6 km shear in the 20 to 30 kt range.
    In addition, low-level lapse rates are forecast to be steep
    suggesting that a marginal wind damage threat will be possible as
    storms move southeastward across New England and southeastern New
    York during the mid afternoon.

    ...Upper Mississippi Valley...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    northern Plains on Sunday as a cold front advances southeastward
    into the upper Mississippi Valley. Ahead of the front, a moist
    airmass is forecast to be in place with surface dewpoints in the
    lower to mid 60s F. This should result in a narrow corridor of
    instability ahead of the front by afternoon. In addition, NAM and
    GFS forecast soundings in eastern Minnesota show 0-6 km shear values
    in the 25 to 35 kt range suggesting that shear may be strong enough
    for a marginal severe threat. Due to the environment, isolated cells
    that initiate along the front during the mid to late afternoon may
    be accompanied by hail and a few strong wind gusts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    West to northwest mid-level flow is forecast across the central and
    northern Rockies on Sunday. At the surface, a cold front is forecast
    to be located across eastern Colorado with upslope flow in place
    north of the front. Surface dewpoints near 60 F along with day-time
    heating should result in a pocket of instability in the post-frontal
    airmass of eastern Wyoming and northeastern Colorado. As storms
    develop in the higher terrain and move into the lower elevations
    during the late afternoon, the instability combined with moderate
    deep-layer shear should be enough for a marginal severe threat. Hail
    and isolated strong wind gusts are forecast to be the main threats.

    ..Broyles.. 07/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 14, 2018 06:58:46
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140658
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140657

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0157 AM CDT Sat Jul 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE LOWER GREAT LAKES...CENTRAL TO NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO THE
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ROCKIES....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal severe threat with hail and strong wind gusts will be
    possible on Monday across parts of the lower Great Lakes, central to
    northern High Plains into the central and northern Rockies.

    ...Lower Great Lakes...
    An upper-level trough will move into the western Great Lakes region
    on Monday as a cold front advances southeastward across Lake
    Michigan, lower Michigan and Lake Huron. A moist airmass should be
    in place ahead of the front across much of the lower Great Lakes
    where surface dewpoints are forecast to be in the upper 60s and
    lower 70s F. This should result in moderate instability across much
    of the lower Great Lakes by afternoon. Thunderstorms are forecast to
    form along the front with scattered convection also developing ahead
    of the front across the warm sector. Although the strongest
    deep-layer shear should be located in southeastern Canada, forecast
    soundings at Detroit and Cleveland for Monday afternoon show enough
    shear for a marginal severe threat. A few strong wind gusts will be
    possible as low-level lapse rates become steep in the mid to late
    afternoon.

    ...Wyoming/Southwest South Dakota/Northwest Nebraska...
    A shortwave ridge is forecast to move eastward across the central
    and northern Plains on Monday. At the surface, southeasterly winds
    will help set up a corridor of maximized low-level moisture across
    northeastern Wyoming by afternoon. Surface dewpoints in northeast
    Wyoming should be in the mid to upper 50s F, which should result in
    a small pocket of moderate instability by late afternoon. This
    combined with steep lapse rates and moderate deep-layer shear may be
    enough for a marginal severe threat in spite of the upper-level
    ridge. The primary threats would be for strong wind gusts and hail.

    ..Broyles.. 07/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 15, 2018 07:00:53
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    ------------=_1531638055-38885-11042
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Sun Jul 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHEAST AND CENTRAL TO NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal risk for severe storms will be possible on Tuesday in
    parts of the Northeast and in the central to northern Plains.

    ...Northeast...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move through the Great Lakes
    region on Tuesday as a cold front advances southeastward into the
    Northeast. A moist airmass should be in place ahead of the front
    with surface dewpoints from 65 to 70 F. This may enable a corridor
    of moderate instability to develop from the Mid-Atlantic into
    southern New England by Tuesday afternoon. The models are in
    agreement that deep-layer shear should be in the 20 to 30 kt range
    ahead of the front suggesting that a marginal severe threat will be
    possible. Wind damage and hail would be the primary threats with the
    stronger multicells. However, the exact timing of the front and
    magnitude of destabilization are questionable for Tuesday suggesting
    that uncertainty is substantial for this forecast.

    ...Central to Northern Plains...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move east-southeastward across the
    central and northern Rockies on Tuesday as a shortwave ridge moves
    across the northern Plains. At the surface, a broad corridor of
    maximized low-level moisture is forecast from the central Plains
    extending north-northwestward into the northern High Plains. In
    addition to moderate instability, forecast soundings across the
    central Plains on Tuesday show west to northwest flow in the low to
    mid-levels with strong speed shear in the mid to upper-levels. This
    may be enough for an isolated severe threat along outflow boundaries
    or in maximized areas of instability. Marginally severe wind gusts
    and hail will be possible but a lot of uncertainty exists concerning
    the mesoscale details.

    ..Broyles.. 07/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 16, 2018 06:59:55
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1531724400-38885-11392
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160659
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Mon Jul 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS INTO THE MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal severe threat will be possible on Wednesday in parts of
    the central and northern Plains into the mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Central and Northern Plains/Mid Missouri Valley...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move through the central and
    northern Plains on Wednesday. At the surface, a moist airmass should
    be in place across the central and northern Plains where surface
    dewpoints are forecast to be in the lower to mid 60s F. In response
    to surface heating, a corridor of moderate instability appears
    likely to develop across parts of the region Wednesday afternoon.
    The models including the ECMWF, NAM and GFS are not in agreement
    concerning where the greatest instability will develop. The ECMWF
    model was the compromise solution with a gradient of moderate
    instability located from northwest Missouri into southern South
    Dakota which seems to be the most favorable scenario. Under this
    setup, thunderstorms would develop in southern South Dakota and move southeastward across eastern Nebraska and western Iowa during the
    late afternoon and early evening. Marginally severe wind and hail
    would be the primary threats.

    ..Broyles.. 07/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 17, 2018 07:11:34
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    ------------=_1531811501-59769-297
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170711
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170710

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 AM CDT Tue Jul 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSOURI AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal severe threat will be possible on Thursday across parts
    of the mid Missouri Valley into the upper Mississippi Valley.

    ...Mid Missouri Valley/Upper Mississippi Valley...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to move eastward into the Upper
    Mississippi Valley on Thursday as a cold front advances
    southeastward across the northern Plains. The models are forecasting
    a moist airmass to be in place across the Mid Missouri and Upper
    Mississippi Valley where surface dewpoints should be upper 60s to
    lower 70s F. As a result, moderate instability appears likely to
    develop across much of the moist sector by Thursday afternoon. Model
    forecasts are not in agreement on where convective development will
    be most probable. The NAM is forecasting late afternoon storms in
    western Minnesota while the GFS and ECMWF show storms in southern
    Minnesota and east-central Iowa. This outlook favors the GFS and
    ECMWF solutions which suggest an isolated severe threat will be
    possible in western portions of the Upper Mississippi Valley. A
    marginal risk area has been added from near the Mississippi River in
    northeast Iowa westward into southeastern South Dakota and northeast
    Nebraska where storm coverage may be isolated but strong instability
    is forecast. Marginally severe wind gusts and hail will be possible
    with the cells that develop in areas with the strongest instability.

    ..Broyles.. 07/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 18, 2018 07:07:07
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    ------------=_1531897632-59769-864
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180706

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 AM CDT Wed Jul 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSISSIPPI...OHIO AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe threat will be possible on Friday across parts of the mid
    Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee Valleys...

    ...Mid Mississippi/Ohio and Tennessee Valleys...
    An upper-level trough will become more amplified and move
    east-southeastward into the western Great Lakes region on Friday as
    a 50 to 65 kt mid-level jet moves through the southwestern part of
    the system. At the surface, a low is forecast to move into the
    western Great Lakes as a cold front advances eastward into the lower
    Ohio Valley. Elevated thunderstorms could be ongoing in the morning
    well ahead of the front with this convection moving eastward away
    from the greatest instability during the day. Just ahead of the
    front, a moist airmass is forecast to be in place across much of the
    mid Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee Valleys where surface dewpoints
    should be in the upper 60s and lower 70s F. In response to surface
    heating, moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop from
    western Tennessee northward through western Kentucky and southern
    Indiana. Thunderstorm development will be possible along the
    northern side of the strongest instability from southeast Illinois southeastward into western and central Kentucky late Friday
    afternoon.

    GFS forecast soundings at Paducah, KY and Evansville, IN for
    00Z/Saturday show MLCAPE value around 3500 J/kg with 0-6 km shear in
    the 50 to 60 kt range. This combined with steep mid-level lapse
    rates should be favorable for supercells with large hail. A wind
    damage-threat and isolated tornado threat will also be possible. The wind-damage threat could become more prominent in the early evening
    as a cluster or line of storms moves southeastward across the Ohio
    and Tennessee Valleys.

    Over the last few days, the models have been fairly consistent from
    run to run concerning Friday's scenario. Also, the models are in
    decent agreement on the latest run suggesting that confidence is
    high enough to add a slight risk across parts of the lower Ohio
    Valley for Friday.

    ..Broyles.. 07/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 20, 2018 07:27:49
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    ------------=_1532071674-1941-1089
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Fri Jul 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE EASTERN GULF AND SOUTH ATLANTIC
    COAST REGION...AS WELL AS PORTIONS OF THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the Southeast and northern
    Plains Sunday afternoon and evening, accompanied by at least some
    risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models indicate that a subtropical high will remain prominent across
    much of the southwestern and south central U.S. during this period,
    but the center of highest mid-level heights is forecast to shift westward/northwestward from the southern high Plains into the
    southern Rockies. It appears that troughing within the mid-latitude
    westerlies to the north of this feature will broaden, with one or
    two embedded impulses forecast to progress across the Saskatchewan/Manitoba/northwest Ontario vicinity. This likely will
    be accompanied by the southeastward progression of a weak surface
    front through the northern U.S. Plains.

    At the same time, near/east of the Mississippi Valley through the
    Atlantic Seaboard, upper troughing is forecast to linger between the aforementioned subtropical high and another over the western
    Atlantic. Some southward elongation of the trough through the
    eastern Gulf Coast may occur, in response to another significant
    embedded digging perturbation. Seasonably high moisture content
    characterized by precipitable water of 2+ inches may linger near
    southern and mid Atlantic coastal areas, while spreading northward
    through coastal New England. At the same time, this moisture may
    become increasingly suppressed southward into areas near/south of
    the eastern Gulf Coast, though fairly moist air will probably linger
    beneath the upper trough across the lower Ohio Valley into western
    slopes of the Appalachians.

    ...Southeast...
    Stronger surface heating coinciding with higher lingering boundary
    layer moisture, supportive of the development of moderate to large
    CAPE, appears likely to become increasingly confined to near the
    base of the elongating upper trough, across portions of northern
    Florida into the Carolinas. This is where mid-level forcing for
    ascent ahead of the digging short wave impulse, coupled with
    momentum/shear associated with 30-40+ kt flow in the 850-500 mb
    layer, could contribute to an environment conducive to organized
    strong to severe storm development. Uncertain sub-synoptic scale
    developments through this time period, though, preclude anything
    more than 5 percent severe probabilities at the present time.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Stronger mid-level forcing for ascent appears likely to remain
    generally north of the international border through this period.
    This contributes to uncertainty concerning the extent of potential
    convective coverage ahead of the southeastward advancing cold front.
    However, instability will probably be sufficient to contribute to at
    least some severe weather potential with storms that do form Sunday
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Kerr.. 07/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 21, 2018 07:05:21
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    ------------=_1532156725-1941-1886
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210705
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210704

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Sat Jul 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY ACROSS
    INTERIOR AND ATLANTIC COASTAL AREAS OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact interior and Atlantic coastal areas
    of the Florida Peninsula Monday, accompanied by some risk for severe
    weather.

    ...Discussion...
    South of the far northern tier of the western into central U.S.,
    subtropical ridging appears likely to remain prominent through this
    period, with the highest mid-level heights becoming centered near
    the Arizona/New Mexico border. Mid/upper ridging also appears
    likely to remain strong across much of the Northeast. The ridging
    may begin to pinch off the northern portion of lingering troughing
    east of the Mississippi Valley, within an elongated mid-level
    cyclonic circulation within the troughing redeveloping southward
    across the Tennessee Valley into the eastern Gulf states.

    Modest cyclonic mid-level flow on the southeastern periphery of this circulation may enhance diurnal thunderstorm development across
    interior and Atlantic coastal areas of the Florida Peninsula, where
    moderately large CAPE may develop with insolation by midday Monday.
    This activity may pose some severe weather potential, mostly in the
    form of potentially damaging wind gusts, before diminishing late
    Monday afternoon or evening.

    Otherwise, generally weak to modest instability and weak/uncertain
    synoptic forcing currently seems likely to minimize severe weather
    potential elsewhere across the nation.

    ..Kerr.. 07/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 19, 2018 06:38:43
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    ------------=_1531982326-1941-376
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190638
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190637

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0137 AM CDT Thu Jul 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...CAROLINAS AND SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with marginally severe wind gusts will be
    possible on Saturday from parts of Alabama northeastward into the
    Carolinas and southwest Virginia.

    ...Southeast/Carolinas/Southwest Virginia...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move slowly eastward across the
    southern Appalachian Mountains on Saturday. At the surface, a moist
    airmass will be in place across much of the Southeast including the
    Carolinas where surface dewpoints are forecast to be in the upper
    60s and lower 70s F. As a result, pockets of moderate instability
    are expected to develop across parts of the region Saturday
    afternoon. A surface trough is forecast to deepen from the southern Appalachians southeastward into South Carolina, along which
    thunderstorm development will be possible during the afternoon.
    Thunderstorms will also be possible across the moist sector in the
    southern Appalachians southward into north-central Alabama and
    northern Georgia. GFS forecast soundings along the surface trough at
    Columbia, SC for 00Z on Sunday show MLCAPE values around 1500 J/kg
    with 0-6 km shear near 40 kt and steep low-level lapse rates. This
    would be favorable for a marginal wind damage threat with multicells
    or supercell-like structures. At this time, the distribution of
    instability remains highly uncertain and may be determined by
    pre-existing outflow boundaries that are not identifiable yet. Due
    to the uncertainty, will keep the threat at a marginal risk for this
    outlook.

    ..Broyles.. 07/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 22, 2018 07:26:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532244417-1941-3003
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Sun Jul 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE TUESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE WESTERN INTO CENTRAL
    DAKOTAS AND WESTERN NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the western into central
    Dakotas and western Nebraska late Tuesday afternoon and evening,
    accompanied by at least some risk for severe wind and hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    Highest mid-level heights may gradually shift westward across
    Arizona during this period. Otherwise, models indicate little
    appreciable change to a prominent subtropical high encompassing all
    but the northern tier of the western into central United States.
    Downstream troughing east of the Mississippi Valley into the
    Atlantic Seaboard may also change little, with an elongated embedded
    cyclonic circulation lingering over the eastern Gulf States. But
    guidance suggests that broad troughing within the mid-latitude
    westerlies may begin to dig across the central Canadian/U.S. border
    area. Within seasonably strong northwesterly flow between this
    feature and the northern periphery of the subtropical high, a
    perturbation may emerge from the northern Rockies and dig across the
    northern Plains by late Tuesday night.

    ...Western/central Dakotas and western Nebraska..
    Models indicate at least modest steepening of lower/mid tropospheric
    lapse rates associated with the eastward advection of elevated mixed
    layer air into the northern High Plains by Tuesday afternoon. In
    association with a developing surface low to the lee of the northern
    Rockies, boundary layer moistening is expected to contribute to an
    axis of weak to moderate destabilization with insolation. This
    probably will take place beneath 30-50 kt northwesterly 700-500 mb
    flow, which may contribute to an environment conducive to organized
    convection, including supercells, posing a risk for severe wind and
    hail. Enough spread exists within the various model output
    concerning the synoptic and sub-synoptic details and magnitude of destabilization to preclude a categorical slight risk at this time,
    but it is possible that this could change in subsequent outlooks for
    this time period.

    ..Kerr.. 07/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 23, 2018 07:26:28
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    ------------=_1532330791-1941-3726
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Mon Jul 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE WEDNESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MIDDLE
    MISSOURI VALLEY INTO UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact a corridor from the central Plains
    into the middle Missouri Valley and Upper Midwest Wednesday
    afternoon and evening, accompanied by at least some risk for severe
    weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models indicate further amplification of ridging within the
    mid-latitude westerlies is possible near the British Columbia coast
    during this period. As this occurs, broad downstream troughing is
    forecast to continue to gradually dig across and southeast of the
    central Canadian/U.S. border area. It appears that this will
    include a fairly deep mid-level closed low developing southeastward
    across northwest Ontario and portions of the Upper Midwest/upper
    Great Lakes region.

    In response to this development, the northeastern periphery of a
    large subtropical high centered over the Southwest will become
    increasingly suppressed across the mid Missouri Valley into the high
    plains east of the northern Colorado and Wyoming Rockies. And
    lingering downstream mid-level troughing to the east of the
    Mississippi Valley is expected to become increasingly sheared across
    the Appalachians and Atlantic Seaboard, as subtropical ridging over
    the western Atlantic maintains strength.

    At the present time, any appreciable severe weather potential
    Wednesday through Wednesday night seems likely to accompany the
    digging upper impulse, across parts of the central Plains and middle
    Missouri Valley into the Upper Midwest. Preceding an associated
    southeastward advancing cold front, a corridor of moderate boundary destabilization appears possible by late Wednesday afternoon, in the
    presence of moderate to strong deep layer shear beneath 30-50 kt
    northwesterly mid-level flow. This will provide potential for
    severe storm development that may continue into Wednesday evening
    while spreading southeastward. However, there are indications that
    lingering warm advection driven convection from Tuesday night,
    and/or its associated outflow, may complicate destabilization
    Wednesday, particularly across the central Plains. Coupled with
    continuing spread within/among the various model output concerning
    synoptic developments, too much uncertainty exists for more than 5
    percent severe probabilities.

    ..Kerr.. 07/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 24, 2018 07:26:04
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532417166-1941-4322
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 240725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Tue Jul 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS THE FRONT RANGE AND ADJACENT PORTIONS
    OF THE ROCKIES...AND PARTS OF THE LOWER GREAT LAKES REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact the Front Range, and adjacent
    portions of the Rockies, as well as portions of the lower Great
    Lakes region Thursday afternoon and eveing, accompanied by at least
    some risk for severe wind and hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models suggest that Southwestern subtropical ridging will become
    increasingly suppressed, and perhaps centered near/west of the lower
    Colorado Valley, along its major axis extending from the subtropical
    eastern Pacific through the Texas/Louisiana Gulf Coast during this
    period. On the northeastern periphery of this feature, into the base
    of large-scale troughing developing east of the upper Mississippi
    Valley through the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region, seasonably
    moderate to strong northwesterly flow will prevail.

    Within the troughing, a fairly deep embedded mid-level low may
    gradually turn eastward across northeastern Ontario and adjacent
    portions of the upper Great Lakes region, as an associated jet
    streak noses across lower Michigan. Modest surface cyclogenesis may
    accompany this feature south of James Bay, across Ontario into
    Quebec, with a trailing cold front advancing east and south of the
    Upper Midwest, middle Mississippi Valley and central Plains.

    Preceding the trough, as downstream subtropical ridging generally
    holds firm across the western Atlantic, the increasingly sheared
    remnants of large-scale troughing (currently lingering east of the
    Mississippi Valley) appear likely to finally accelerate northeast of
    the middle/northern Atlantic Seaboard. In the wake of this feature,
    seasonably high content may linger to the east of the Appalachians,
    across much of the southern through mid Atlantic Coast states.

    At least somewhat more modest moisture content appears likely in a
    corridor ahead of the interior U.S. cold front, and in a
    post-frontal upslope regime into the Rockies. At the same time, in
    association with the evolving mid/upper flow, mid-level lapse rates
    will continue to become modest to weak across much of the nation to
    the east of the Rockies.

    ...Rockies...
    In the wake of the initial upper troughing and associated cold
    front, surface ridging appears likely to extend from the Canadian
    Prairies as far south as the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandle region by
    early Thursday, with little eastward progression through the period.
    However, moistening easterly flow across the high Plains into the
    Rockies appears likely to contribute to weak to moderate boundary
    layer destabilization (CAPE generally on the order of 1000+ J/kg)
    across the higher terrain, from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains
    northward through the Big Horns. Beneath the northwesterly
    mid-level flow, instability and shear may become conducive to
    isolated to widely scattered supercell development. However,
    stronger activity may not be able to propagate too far off the Front
    Range before weakening.

    ...Michigan and adjacent lower Great Lakes region...
    The magnitude of destabilization across lower Michigan during the
    day Thursday remains somewhat unclear, prior to the arrival of
    forcing for ascent associated with the mid-level jet streak (40-50+
    kt at 500 mb). Although it seems most probable that CAPE may only
    become weak to modest in nature, this may be sufficient, given the
    favorable shear, to support isolated to widely scattered organized
    convective development, including supercell structures with a risk
    for severe wind and hail.

    ..Kerr.. 07/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, July 25, 2018 07:19:06
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    ------------=_1532503151-1941-4797
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 250719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Wed Jul 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC COAST REGION INTO THE
    HUDSON VALLEY...AND ACROSS NORTHERN PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Friday afternoon and evening
    across the Northeast urban corridor from Washington D.C. to New York
    City, and surrounding areas of the northern Mid Atlantic and Hudson
    Valley. Severe thunderstorms are also possible across northern
    portions of the central high Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models indicate little change to the large-scale mid/upper flow from
    Thursday into Friday. Subtropical ridging will remain prominent
    across the southwestern U.S. and across the western Atlantic, with
    broad troughing in between the highs across the Upper Midwest and
    middle Mississippi Valley through the middle and northern Atlantic
    Seaboard. Within the cyclonic regime, a significant short wave
    trough appears likely to gradually pivot across and east of the
    lower Great Lakes/upper Ohio Valley, while an embedded lower/mid
    tropospheric cyclone turns northeastward across western Quebec, to
    the east of James Bay. A trailing surface cold front is expected to
    advance southeast of the lower Great Lakes region and lower Ohio
    Valley, through much of the Northeast and central/southern
    Appalachians.

    Beneath seasonably moderate to strong northwesterly mid/upper flow
    near the confluence of the mid-latitude westerlies and the
    northeastern periphery of the Southwest subtropical ridge, a zone of
    stronger differential surface heating is expected by Friday
    afternoon across northern portions of the central High Plains. This
    should coincide with a plume of elevated mixed-layer air advecting
    east of the Wyoming/Colorado Rockies, ahead of another
    evolving/digging short wave trough within the mid-latitude
    westerlies.

    ...Central Appalachians into New England...
    Forcing for ascent ahead of the short wave trough, and seasonably
    strong shear beneath 40+ kt southwesterly 500 mb flow, will
    contribute to at least some organized severe weather potential
    along/just ahead of the southeastward advancing front. Primary
    uncertainty concerns the extent of boundary layer destabilization,
    which may only be weak to modest in strength along much of the
    front.

    Within pre-frontal surface troughing across the northern Mid
    Atlantic region into the Hudson Valley, it appears that
    lingering/returning seasonably high moisture content (including
    surface dew points near 70f) probably will be sufficient to support
    moderately large CAPE in conjunction with mid-level cooling. Higher
    severe probabilities indicated across this region, including the
    urban corridor from Washington D.C. to New York City, reflect of
    this. Although low-level hodographs are not forecast to be
    particularly large, the environment may become conducive to isolated
    supercells by late afternoon. Into Friday evening, with the
    approach of the front, considerable upscale convective growth is
    possible accompanied by an increasing risk for potentially damaging
    wind gusts.

    ...Northern portions of central high Plains...
    Southeasterly near surface flow is expected to remain moist enough
    to support moderately large CAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg, with insolation
    beneath steep mid-level lapse rates. Although the potential
    convective evolution remains unclear, given the presence of strong
    deep layer shear beneath 30-40 kt northwesterly mid-level flow, the
    environment probably will be conducive to a few supercells, at least
    initially. Low-level convergence near a weak low within lee surface
    troughing may help focus activity, which could grow upscale into an
    evolving mesoscale convective system across western Nebraska Friday
    evening, aided by nocturnal strengthening southerly low-level jet
    (30-40 kt at 850 mb).

    ..Kerr.. 07/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, July 26, 2018 07:24:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532589854-1941-5363
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Thu Jul 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY THROUGH
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS THE FRONT RANGE OF THE ROCKIES THROUGH PARTS
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact much of the Front Range of the
    Rockies into the central Plains Saturday through Saturday night,
    accompanied by at least some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Within broad upper troughing in the mid-latitude westerlies, one
    significant short wave trough is forecast to continue gradually
    accelerating northeastward across Quebec during this period, to the
    northwest of persistent strong subtropical ridging over the western
    Atlantic. It appears that stronger mid-level forcing for ascent and
    mid/upper flow associated with this feature may tend to become
    increasingly displaced to the cool side of an associated cold front,
    which likely will advance across the remainder of the Northeast,
    while stalling/weakening to the west of the central Appalachians.

    Upstream, models indicate that another significant short wave trough
    may continue to evolve across the northern Plains into the upper
    Mississippi Valley. While it does, it likely will gradually dig, to
    the northeast of the periphery of the prominent Southwestern
    subtropical ridge, as short wave ridging within a southern branch of
    split mid-latitude westerlies builds across the Pacific Northwest.

    Near the base of the developing/digging trough, seasonably moderate
    to strong northwesterly mid/upper flow will be maintained across the
    Wyoming and Colorado Rockies through the central Plains. This may
    support a continuing influx of elevated mixed-layer air into the
    central Plains, off the higher terrain. Beneath this regime, a
    convectively reinforced surface frontal zone may surge southward
    across the central Plains by early Saturday, before stalling.
    Relatively higher boundary layer moisture content along this
    boundary, and within an increasing upslope regime along the Front
    Range, may provide support for moderate destabilization with
    insolation through late Saturday afternoon.

    ...Front Range into central Plains...
    Given the potential for moderate boundary layer destabilization
    along the stalling front across the central Plains, and within the
    post-frontal upslope regime along the Front Range, the environment
    may become conducive to the evolution of organized thunderstorm
    clusters and a few supercells Saturday through Saturday night.
    Considerable uncertainty concerning the magnitude and coverage of
    this risk lingers, however. This is largely due to sizable spread
    among/within the various model output concerning smaller-scale
    features within the evolving larger-scale pattern. This includes
    the evolution of preceding convective development Friday through
    Friday night, which is still not certain at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 07/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, July 27, 2018 06:25:45
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532672749-1941-5891
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270625
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270624

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 AM CDT Fri Jul 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong storms, some severe, are expected to develop across
    the central and southern Plains.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...

    Mid-level heights are expected to rise across the northern
    inter-mountain region Sunday as a pronounced short-wave trough is
    forecast to dig southeast across WY toward the southern Plains late
    in the period. This feature will undoubtedly aid convective
    development along this corridor; some of it may be severe.

    Myriad of complexities will necessarily warrant low severe probs
    during the day3 period. Namely, a substantial amount of convection
    is expected across portions of the central Plains Saturday and this
    activity will likely be ongoing in some fashion at the beginning of
    the day3 period. Various outflows and convective overturning are
    likely not handled well by short-range models. Depending on how
    disruptive these early-day complexes are will likely dictate to a
    large degree how robust convection is ahead of the aforementioned
    short wave. Have introduced 5% severe probs within a corridor of
    increasing mid/high-level flow where thunderstorms are expected to
    develop. However, there is some concern higher severe probs may be
    needed in later outlooks if/when it's recognized a more buoyant air
    mass will be in place for strong updrafts. Hail/wind can be expected
    with one or more MCS-type complexes that evolve across this region.

    ..Darrow.. 07/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, July 28, 2018 06:48:49
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    ------------=_1532760535-1941-6652
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280648
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280647

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0147 AM CDT Sat Jul 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    ARKLATEX TO THE OH VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms may be noted from the Arklatex into the Ohio
    Valley. Gusty winds are the primary threat.

    ...Arklatex to OH Valley...

    Weak large-scale height falls will develop across the lower OH
    Valley Monday as a pronounced short-wave trough shifts from the
    Plains into the MS valley. A corridor of seasonally strong 500mb
    flow will extend across OK/AR into southern IN by 31/00z, along/just
    behind a frontal zone that will be draped across this region. A
    considerable amount of convection will likely be ongoing at daybreak
    Monday, primarily within a post-frontal environment within the base
    of the trough. This should encourage the surface boundary to advance
    southeast across the Mid-South as a possible surface wave lifts
    toward KY. Surface heating should prove instrumental in potential
    strong thunderstorm development during the day but aforementioned
    early-day precip/clouds will undoubtedly influence subsequent
    development. The most likely corridor for a few strong storms will
    be along the boundary where heating can aid destabilization. Gusty
    winds should be the primary threat with this activity.

    ..Darrow.. 07/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 30, 2018 06:43:03
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532932988-1941-7834
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 300642
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300641

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0141 AM CDT Mon Jul 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms are possible across the southern High Plains
    and over the upper Midwest.

    ...Upper Midwest...

    A weak short-wave trough is forecast to dig southeast across SK
    during the day2 period then into the upper MS Valley by 02/00z. In
    the wake of this feature, surface pressures will rise across
    southern Canada and the northern Plains such that a front should
    ease into the upper Midwest, oriented from northern WI into
    northwest IA by late afternoon. Strong boundary-layer heating is
    expected ahead of this wind shift, and although moisture will be
    somewhat lacking, isolated thunderstorms should develop along the
    front. Forecast soundings exhibit modestly steep mid-level lapse
    rates and drying aloft. This could enhance locally strong downdrafts
    with diurnally driven convection.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    Upper high is expected to remain centered over AZ through the day3
    period. This will ensure northwesterly mid-level flow is maintained
    across CO/eastern NM. Latest guidance suggests convection will
    evolve over the higher terrain near the CO/NM border then propagate
    southeast into an instability axis favorable for robust updrafts.
    Additionally, southerly low-level flow should encourage movement
    toward the High Plains. Gusty winds and perhaps marginally severe
    hail are the primary risks.

    ...Eastern US...

    Mid-level flow is forecast to strengthen across the Middle Atlantic
    into New England ahead of a short-wave trough that will finally
    eject out of the OH Valley. This feature will be partly responsible
    for a substantial amount of convection along a corridor from the
    northeastern Gulf of Mexico into New England. Convection will
    develop within a high-PW air mass characterized by poor lapse
    rates/buoyancy. Even so, there is some concern for organized
    convection given the expected increase in shear. If pockets of
    boundary-layer heating can develop ahead of the short wave there may
    be localized potential for weak supercells or potentially
    bowing-type structures. Will not introduce severe probs for this
    possibility due to the expected limited instability. However, severe
    probs may be needed if confidence in this scenario increases.

    ..Darrow.. 07/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 30, 2018 18:31:09
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532975473-1941-8080
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    ACUS03 KWNS 301830
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook AMEND 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 PM CDT Mon Jul 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE UPPER MIDWEST...THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND THE NORTHEASTERN
    U.S....

    AMENDED FOR ADDITION OF MARGINAL RISK FOR NORTHEAST U.S.

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms are possible across parts of the Northeast,
    the southern High Plains and over the upper Midwest.

    ...19z Day 3 Update...

    ...Portions of the Northeast...
    As mentioned in the previous discussion, confidence has increased
    that at least a Marginal risk of severe storms is possible across
    parts of the Northeast Wednesday afternoon and evening. Forecast
    guidance continues to show strong deep layer southwesterly shear
    expanding from the Carolinas into New England as the central U.S.
    shortwave lifts northeast. The severe threat continues to be
    somewhat conditional, as intensity will largely depend on pockets of
    stronger heating allowing sufficient destabilization. 12z 4km NAM
    indicates some discrete cells becoming linear with time extending
    from western and central NY into northern VA by late Wednesday
    afternoon. The GFS continues to be more conservative with
    destabilization compared to the NAM/ECMWF, but fast moving
    lines/clusters appear likely regardless. As such, a Marginal risk
    has been added for at least isolated strong/locally damaging wind
    potential Wednesday afternoon into the nighttime hours.


    ---Previous Forecast Discussion---

    ...Upper Midwest...

    A weak short-wave trough is forecast to dig southeast across SK
    during the day2 period then into the upper MS Valley by 02/00z. In
    the wake of this feature, surface pressures will rise across
    southern Canada and the northern Plains such that a front should
    ease into the upper Midwest, oriented from northern WI into
    northwest IA by late afternoon. Strong boundary-layer heating is
    expected ahead of this wind shift, and although moisture will be
    somewhat lacking, isolated thunderstorms should develop along the
    front. Forecast soundings exhibit modestly steep mid-level lapse
    rates and drying aloft. This could enhance locally strong downdrafts
    with diurnally driven convection.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    Upper high is expected to remain centered over AZ through the day3
    period. This will ensure northwesterly mid-level flow is maintained
    across CO/eastern NM. Latest guidance suggests convection will
    evolve over the higher terrain near the CO/NM border then propagate
    southeast into an instability axis favorable for robust updrafts.
    Additionally, southerly low-level flow should encourage movement
    toward the High Plains. Gusty winds and perhaps marginally severe
    hail are the primary risks.

    ...Eastern US...

    Mid-level flow is forecast to strengthen across the Middle Atlantic
    into New England ahead of a short-wave trough that will finally
    eject out of the OH Valley. This feature will be partly responsible
    for a substantial amount of convection along a corridor from the
    northeastern Gulf of Mexico into New England. Convection will
    develop within a high-PW air mass characterized by poor lapse
    rates/buoyancy. Even so, there is some concern for organized
    convection given the expected increase in shear. If pockets of
    boundary-layer heating can develop ahead of the short wave there may
    be localized potential for weak supercells or potentially
    bowing-type structures. Will not introduce severe probs for this
    possibility due to the expected limited instability. However, severe
    probs may be needed if confidence in this scenario increases.

    ..Leitman.. 07/30/2018






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, July 30, 2018 20:25:50
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1532982355-1941-8125
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 302025
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 302025

    Day 3 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0325 PM CDT Mon Jul 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE UPPER MIDWEST...THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND THE NORTHEASTERN
    U.S....

    AMENDED FOR ADDITION OF MARGINAL RISK FOR NORTHEAST U.S.

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms are possible across parts of the Northeast,
    the southern High Plains and over the upper Midwest.

    ...19z Day 3 Update...

    ...Portions of the Northeast...
    As mentioned in the previous discussion, confidence has increased
    that at least a Marginal risk of severe storms is possible across
    parts of the Northeast Wednesday afternoon and evening. Forecast
    guidance continues to show strong deep layer southwesterly shear
    expanding from the Carolinas into New England as the central U.S.
    shortwave lifts northeast. The severe threat continues to be
    somewhat conditional, as intensity will largely depend on pockets of
    stronger heating allowing sufficient destabilization. 12z 4km NAM
    indicates some discrete cells becoming linear with time extending
    from western and central NY into northern VA by late Wednesday
    afternoon. The GFS continues to be more conservative with
    destabilization compared to the NAM/ECMWF, but fast moving
    lines/clusters appear likely regardless. As such, a Marginal risk
    has been added for at least isolated strong/locally damaging wind
    potential Wednesday afternoon into the nighttime hours.


    ---Previous Forecast Discussion---

    ...Upper Midwest...

    A weak short-wave trough is forecast to dig southeast across SK
    during the day2 period then into the upper MS Valley by 02/00z. In
    the wake of this feature, surface pressures will rise across
    southern Canada and the northern Plains such that a front should
    ease into the upper Midwest, oriented from northern WI into
    northwest IA by late afternoon. Strong boundary-layer heating is
    expected ahead of this wind shift, and although moisture will be
    somewhat lacking, isolated thunderstorms should develop along the
    front. Forecast soundings exhibit modestly steep mid-level lapse
    rates and drying aloft. This could enhance locally strong downdrafts
    with diurnally driven convection.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    Upper high is expected to remain centered over AZ through the day3
    period. This will ensure northwesterly mid-level flow is maintained
    across CO/eastern NM. Latest guidance suggests convection will
    evolve over the higher terrain near the CO/NM border then propagate
    southeast into an instability axis favorable for robust updrafts.
    Additionally, southerly low-level flow should encourage movement
    toward the High Plains. Gusty winds and perhaps marginally severe
    hail are the primary risks.

    ...Eastern US...

    Mid-level flow is forecast to strengthen across the Middle Atlantic
    into New England ahead of a short-wave trough that will finally
    eject out of the OH Valley. This feature will be partly responsible
    for a substantial amount of convection along a corridor from the
    northeastern Gulf of Mexico into New England. Convection will
    develop within a high-PW air mass characterized by poor lapse
    rates/buoyancy. Even so, there is some concern for organized
    convection given the expected increase in shear. If pockets of
    boundary-layer heating can develop ahead of the short wave there may
    be localized potential for weak supercells or potentially
    bowing-type structures. Will not introduce severe probs for this
    possibility due to the expected limited instability. However, severe
    probs may be needed if confidence in this scenario increases.

    ..Leitman.. 07/30/2018






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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, July 31, 2018 06:21:28
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310621
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310620

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 AM CDT Tue Jul 31 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms will be concentrated across the eastern
    United States and across the central and southern Rockies.

    ...Eastern US...

    Upper high off the middle Atlantic will be stubborn to move through
    the day3 period. This slow-changing feature will force stronger
    mid-level flow to translate across New England as tighter gradient
    shifts into southeastern Canada. As a result, a very moist
    south-southwesterly trajectory will be maintained across the eastern
    US which will ensure scattered convection through the period.
    Forecast soundings across this region exhibit seasonally strong
    shear through a deep layer but there is concern that poor lapse
    rates and weak buoyancy will negate any meaningful severe threat. If
    pockets of heating can evolve within this sheared moist plume,
    severe probabilities will need to be introduced to account for at
    least a marginal wind threat. Until these areas can be identified
    severe probs will remain less than 5%.

    ...Rockies...

    Upper ridge will gradually shift east during the day3 period but the
    center of circulation should only drift toward the AZ/NM border.
    This weak flow regime will ensure substantial diurnally driven
    convection each afternoon. While shear will remain weak, surface
    heating will prove instrumental for potential gusty downbursts.
    However, this severe risk is best addressed during the day1 period
    when thermodynamic environment will be better sampled.

    ..Darrow.. 07/31/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 01, 2018 06:51:01
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010650

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CDT Wed Aug 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    RED RIVER VALLEY REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across the upper Red
    River Valley region.

    ...Upper Red River Valley Region...

    Latest short-range model guidance is in general agreement that a
    short-wave trough will eject across the northern Rockies into the
    northern Plains during the day3 period. Some variability is noted
    among the models but in general heights are expected to be
    suppressed during the latter half of the period. As this feature
    approaches the northern Plains, a weak surface front will ease into
    the central Dakotas by 04/00z. Forecast soundings near the boundary
    suggest strong boundary-layer heating will allow surface parcels to
    approach their convective temperatures. Isolated thunderstorms may
    develop along the eastern edge of the steeper lapse rate plume near
    the wind shift. Another zone where convection may develop is beneath
    a veered LLJ that should increase into southwest MN by early
    evening. If the LLJ strengthens as the NAM suggests shear profiles
    will become supportive of supercells. Given uncertainty in the
    timing of the short wave will only introduce 5% severe probs across
    this region.

    ...Northeast...

    Mid-level flow is forecast to gradually weaken across the Northeast
    as a weak short-wave trough finally ejects across this region.
    Forecast shear profiles continue to suggest the convection that
    develops across this region could try to organize. However, poor
    lapse rates and weak buoyancy do not lend much confidence for robust
    updrafts that could take advantage of this stronger flow. Until it
    becomes more clear that sufficient instability will evolve across
    this region severe probs will remain below 5%.

    ..Darrow.. 08/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, July 29, 2018 06:46:23
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290646
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290645

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 AM CDT Sun Jul 29 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms will be noted across much of the southern
    and eastern United States, and near portions of the international
    border region with Canada Tuesday. However, the organized severe
    threat is low.

    ...Discussion...

    Upper trough will progress slowly across the MS River Valley during
    the day3 period with weak height falls expected across much of the
    Mid-South region. Considerable amount of convection is expected
    ahead of this feature across the Plains during the day1-2 time frame
    which will efficiently weaken the EML that was located across this
    region. As a result, poor lapse rates will be noted along a corridor
    from the lower MS Valley into the OH River Valley during the day3
    period. Forecast instability will be meager at best as significant clouds/precip should limit surface heating ahead of a weak surface
    front that will drape itself from southern OH, across TN into
    northern LA by mid day. While a corridor of modest mid-high level
    flow will extend along this frontal zone, weak low-level flow and
    high-PW air mass do not favor the introduction of severe probs in
    the 60-84hr time frame. Perhaps a few localized pockets of buoyancy
    may develop between clusters of storms but these possible small
    areas of enhanced buoyancy may not be discoverable until Tuesday
    morning. This will be addressed in later outlooks.

    ..Darrow.. 07/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 02, 2018 06:46:16
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 020646
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020645

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 AM CDT Thu Aug 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NE TO MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms are possible from the central Plains to
    Minnesota Saturday.

    ...Central Plains to MN...

    Latest NAM guidance suggests a weak short-wave trough will eject
    across the central High Plains late Friday before progressing across
    the upper MS Valley during the day Saturday. This feature should
    prove partly responsible for significant thunderstorm clusters over
    the central Plains Friday night which will propagate across MN
    during the day3 period. While timing of this feature is not
    particularly favorable for the western half of the MRGL, a few
    strong storms could be ongoing at daybreak Saturday along the nose
    of the LLJ. Any appreciable daytime heating should aid buoyancy
    ahead of the short wave, and modest instability is expected to boost
    potential thunderstorm intensification downstream. In the wake of
    this feature it appears the greatest risk for potential strong
    storms will be with activity that evolves from the Front Range of CO
    into southeast WY as it spreads toward a richer boundary-layer air
    mass. Forecast shear profiles suggest that late afternoon High
    Plains convection across NE will form within an environment
    seemingly favorable for potential supercells. Otherwise, early-day
    convection should primarily pose a marginal hail/wind risk.

    ..Darrow.. 08/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 03, 2018 07:30:54
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Aug 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    HIGH PLAINS TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/locally severe storms will be possible Sunday from the
    central High Plains region east-northeast to the Upper Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    Large-scale ridging aloft will persist over the southern half to
    two-thirds of the U.S. Sunday. The most pertinent feature with
    respect to deep moist convection appears likely to be a short-wave
    trough crossing the northern Plains, which should gradually become
    absorbed within the southern fringe of a broader cyclonic flow field surrounding a central Canada upper trough.

    At the surface, a southwest-to-northeast baroclinic zone is forecast
    to extend from the central High Plains northeast to the upper Great
    Lakes, is expected to sharpen a bit with time, as it drifts very
    gradually southward. A second/weak front may follow, shifting south
    across the Canadian Prairies toward/across the International Border
    with time. Elsewhere, high pressure should largely prevail over the
    eastern states, with a weak/nondescript pattern over much of the
    West.

    ...Central High Plains east-northeast to the Upper Great Lakes...
    Scattered thunderstorms will likely be ongoing over portions of the north-central U.S. early in the day, near a weak/southward-drifting
    cool front. Though the free warm sector south of the front should
    remain capped, destabilization near the boundary -- and possibly in
    the post-frontal upslope airmass evolving over the central High
    Plains -- is expected, which should fuel an afternoon increase in
    storm coverage/intensity near the slowly advancing front.

    With a belt of moderately strong flow west-southwesterly flow aloft
    expected to the cool side of the front, shear in the vicinity of the
    boundary should prove sufficient for a few of the developing storms
    to become severe. Primary threats would be locally damaging winds
    and hail, though somewhat a somewhat anafrontal scenario may
    ultimately evolve, with storms developing either just north of the
    front or else becoming quickly undercut -- which would tend to limit
    severe risk. As such, only a MRGL/5% will be introduced at this
    time.

    ..Goss.. 08/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 04, 2018 07:44:48
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040744
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040743

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CDT Sat Aug 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    IOWA ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL WISCONSIN AND VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/locally severe storms will be possible over the Upper Great
    Lakes/Upper Mississippi Valley region, with more isolated severe
    risk possible west-southwest across the Mid-Missouri Valley to the
    Colorado/New Mexico High Plains. A few severe storms will also be
    possible over northern New England and vicinity.

    ...Synopsis...
    Large-scale ridging over the southern half of the U.S. is forecast
    to expand over both the eastern and western portions of the country
    with time, as cyclonic flow/troughing increases over the
    north-central parts of the country.

    At the surface, a cold front initially draped from the Upper Great
    Lakes southwest into the central High Plains will advance eastward/southeastward as the upper trough evolves, and should
    extend from the Midwest into the southern High Plains by 07/12Z.

    ...Northeast Iowa northeast across central Wisconsin and vicinity...

    Model forecasts suggest that a weak frontal low may be crossing the
    upper Mississippi Valley/western Upper Great Lakes region during the
    afternoon, though some timing differences in the associated vort max
    aloft are evident within the models. Still, presence of a surface
    frontal zone across this region in any case should support an
    increase in afternoon convection as at least pockets of
    destabilization occur. In conjunction with a belt of enhanced (50
    kt) southwesterly mid-level flow atop the area, a few severe storms
    should evolve. Along with potential for locally damaging winds and
    hail, an isolated tornado would also be possible -- particularly if
    at least weak frontal low development occurs in the region during
    the afternoon, as hinted at in the latest NAM runs.

    ...Eastern Colorado/northeast New Mexico into the central Plains...
    Showers and thunderstorms should be ongoing across portions of the
    Plains -- including parts of the MRGL risk area -- early in the
    period, as the cold front sags slowly southward across Kansas during
    the afternoon. With some heating/destabilization to occur in areas
    not affected by ongoing convection, expect storm coverage to
    increase during the afternoon. While the belt of stronger mid-level
    flow will remain largely to the north of the surface front,
    sufficient shear for multicell clusters suggests a few stronger
    storms capable of producing locally gusty/damaging winds and hail.
    A slightly better kinematic environment may evolve in the
    post-frontal airmass over the High Plains, where a low-level
    easterly flow component beneath the mid-level westerlies suggest
    stronger shear. Still, isolated nature of storms expected at this
    time warrants only 5%/MRGL risk inclusion at this time.

    ...The northern New England vicinity...
    A cold front is progged to cross eastern Ontario and Quebec during
    the day Monday, and reach northern New England during the afternoon.
    Afternoon heating/destabilization within the pre-frontal warm
    sector along with enhanced westerly mid-level flow topping the
    eastern U.S. ridge will provide an overall environment sufficient to
    support a few stronger/possibly severe storms. Damaging winds would
    appear to be the main risk, along with hail. Threat may linger into
    the evening, before diminishing overnight.

    ..Goss.. 08/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 05, 2018 07:25:21
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 050725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Sun Aug 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...AND FROM MISSOURI
    EAST-NORTHEAST TO NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms appear possible Tuesday from parts of New
    England west-southwest across the Midwest to Missouri. A few
    stronger/locally severe storms may also occur over portions of
    eastern Colorado and the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Some continued expansion -- along with slow eastward progression --
    of a central U.S. mid-level trough is expected Tuesday, while
    ridging continues to prevail over the West.

    At the surface, a cool front will continue shifting southeast across
    the eastern half of the country. The front should lie from northern
    New England and the Lower Great Lakes region west-southwest across
    the Midwest to southern Rockies area near peak heating, focusing a
    zone of showers and thunderstorms, and associated/isolated severe
    potential.

    ...Portions of the Midwest and Northeast...
    As in prior days, a rather elongated zone of limited severe risk
    should again exist in the vicinity of the cold front extending from
    New England to Missouri. With a belt of enhanced lower- to
    mid-level west-southwesterly flow lying atop the frontal zone and
    providing potential for some storm organization, risk for locally
    damaging winds and possibly hail is apparent. However, with
    widespread/ongoing precipitation expected across parts of the area
    early in the period, and continuing through the afternoon, any areas
    of locally greater potential remain difficult to identify at this
    time.

    ...Parts of the central and southern High Plains...
    Diurnal heating of the higher terrain, and a weak upslope flow
    regime near/just north of the surface front should support afternoon development of isolated thunderstorms over parts of the central and
    southern High Plains. With shear progged to be most favorable over
    parts of the eastern Colorado/northeast New Mexico vicinity, where
    moderate mid-level northwesterly flow is progged atop low-level southeasterlies, a couple of stronger cells may pose risk for
    locally damaging winds and/or hail. Some southeastward propagation
    away from the higher terrain may occur through the evening, along
    with some continuation of local severe potential.

    ..Goss.. 08/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 06, 2018 07:13:58
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1533539642-55329-2148
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060712

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CDT Mon Aug 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL APPALACHIANS/MID ATLANTIC REGION...AND ALSO PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widespread convection -- including the potential for locally severe
    storms -- are expected from New England southwestward across the
    Appalachians, and westward across the Mid South and southern Plains
    to the southern Rockies.

    ...Synopsis...
    Gradual eastward advance of an upper trough will continue across the
    eastern half of the country, while expansive ridging remains fixed
    over the West.

    At the surface, a weak cold front is forecast to move eastward
    across the Northeast, and southeastward across the mid-Atlantic
    region, while remaining quasi-stationary and somewhat ill-defined
    westward across the Mid South and southern Plains, and into the
    southern Rockies.

    ...Mid-Atlantic/central Appalachians area...
    Convection is forecast to be ongoing early in the period within an
    elongated northeast-to-southwest zone in the vicinity of the surface
    front, from New England to Oklahoma. The clouds/precipitation are
    again likely to hinder destabilization across much of the area. At
    this time, however, it appears that somewhat greater heating may
    occur along and east of the higher terrain of the central
    Appalachians, into the mid-Atlantic region. With moderate low- to
    mid-level westerly flow across the area, a few stronger storms/bands
    of storms may evolve during the afternoon, with attendant risk for
    locally damaging winds. Risk may continue into the evening, but
    should gradually diminish, with the front eventually clearing most
    of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic coastal areas overnight.

    ...Parts of the central and southern High Plains...
    Similar to prior days, weak easterly post-frontal upslope flow at
    low levels beneath moderate mid-level northwesterlies will result in
    a kinematic environment supportive of weakly
    organized/southeastward-moving convection. As daytime heating over
    the higher terrain supports some destabilization, isolated storms
    are again expected to develop, spreading southeastward off the
    higher terrain into the evening hours. With risk for locally
    damaging winds and hail apparent with a few of stronger storms,
    5%/MRGL risk is being included from the Colorado/New Mexico High
    Plains southeast into the Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles.

    ..Goss.. 08/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 07, 2018 07:25:31
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    ------------=_1533626736-55329-2937
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Tue Aug 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are forecast across portions of the southern
    and eastern halves of the country Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Large-scale eastern U.S. upper troughing is forecast to weaken this
    period, as a stronger/short-wave component shifts across New England
    and into the Canadian Maritimes leaving weaker cyclonic flow in its
    wake. Meanwhile, a sharp trough will continue crossing the eastern
    Pacific, nearing/reaching the West Coast late in the period.

    At the surface, a cold front associated with the eastern Pacific
    upper system is progged to move onshore/inland over the Pacific
    Northwest and northern California. In the east, a weak cold front
    vacating New England early will trail southwestward across Virginia
    and the Carolinas, and then westward as a diffuse quasi-stationary
    boundary across northern portions of the Gulf Coast states/Mid South
    region and into the southern Plains/southern Rockies. Meanwhile, a
    second weak front will advance slowly southeastward across the Upper
    Great Lakes and northern Plains, and should stretch from the Lower
    Great Lakes vicinity to the central Plains by the end of the period.

    Thunderstorms are expected to develop over large portions of the
    East, and also from the central and southern Plains west across the
    southern Rockies and Desert Southwest. The eastern U.S. storms will
    largely be focused in the vicinity of the two aforementioned surface
    fronts, while other scattered storms form near Gulf Coast sea-breeze boundaries. However, with flow aloft weakening over the eastern
    U.S. as the more energetic portion of the broader upper trough
    departs northeastward toward the Canadian Maritimes, storms should
    remain largely disorganized. Therefore, despite some potential for
    local areas of stronger storms, risk for severe weather appears too
    low to introduce even any MRGL risk areas at this time.

    ..Goss.. 08/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 09, 2018 07:29:42
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Thu Aug 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected within an area that
    includes the southern and eastern halves of the U.S., as well as
    over portions of the Northwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    Continued/slow eastward progression of the upper flow field is
    expected across the CONUS Day 3/Saturday, with an upper low near the
    Pacific Northwest coast early to move slowly inland across Washington/Oregon/southern British Columbia. Downstream, upper
    ridging will shift eastward in response, while still farther east,
    upper troughing is expected to linger/drift across the Northeast.
    Also of note will be a weak low over the southern Plains/New Mexico
    area -- initially contained within the broader eastern U.S. cyclonic
    flow regime. Models suggest that this low will become increasingly cut-off/separated from the main band of flow, and should linger --
    or even retrograde slightly westward over the southern Plains
    vicinity through the period.

    At the surface, two diffuse fronts which will likely have lingered
    over the eastern U.S. on prior days -- one over the Midwest vicinity
    and one farther south -- will remain weak/ill-defined. An exception
    may be east of the Appalachians, where very weak pressure falls may
    occur -- allowing a somewhat-better-defined boundary to evolve with
    time. While this may help to focus an area of more widespread
    convection, generally weak flow suggests little more than very
    local/low-end severe potential.

    Any severe risk elsewhere across the country appears likely at this
    time to remain likewise local/low-end. A few stronger cells may
    occur over the southern Plains near the evolving/weak upper low, and
    over Arizona where an easterly mean wind may allow some
    off-the-terrain propagation of isolated storms during the afternoon
    and evening. Finally, a high-based storm or two capable of locally
    gusty winds may occur over the Northwest -- particularly western
    Montana, but again, risk in all areas appears too low to warrant
    designation of a risk area at this time.

    ..Goss.. 08/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 10, 2018 06:51:00
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100650

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CDT Fri Aug 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the Rockies into the southern Plains
    and across much of the eastern United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A pair of upper lows -- one centered over the TX Panhandle and the
    other centered over OH -- are expected to remain largely in place
    throughout the period. Upper ridging initially in place over the
    northern Plains and upper Midwest is expected to break down during
    the second half of the period in response to a shortwave trough
    traversing the Canadian Prairie provinces. A surface low associated
    to this shortwave trough will likely move from northwest MT
    northeastward through southern Manitoba while an attendant cold
    front moves through the western Dakotas. Elsewhere, the surface
    pattern should be characterized by a relatively weak pressure
    gradient and diffuse boundaries.

    Thunderstorms are likely in the vicinity of both upper lows, with
    high moisture content (i.e. precipitable water around 2 inches)
    resulting in the potential for water-loaded downdrafts capable of
    damaging wind gusts. Additionally, modestly enhanced upper flow
    within the southeastern periphery of these lows may increase the
    chances for updraft rotation. However, given the poor lapse rates
    and low confidence in areas of stronger flow aloft, uncertainty
    regarding the severe potential is too great to introduce any threat
    areas with this outlook.

    ..Mosier.. 08/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 08, 2018 07:23:07
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Wed Aug 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected Friday over parts of the
    southeast two-thirds of the country, and also over parts of the
    Pacific Northwest.

    ...Synopsis...
    Slow eastward progression of the upper flow field over the U.S. will
    continue Friday, as a sharp trough near the West Coast moves
    gradually inland. As this occurs, downstream ridging will be nudged
    eastward into the Canadian Prairie Provinces and northern Plains,
    though weak troughing/cyclonic flow is forecast to linger farther
    south, over the central and southern Plains/southern Rockies. Still
    farther east, troughing will persist over the eastern half of the
    country.

    At the surface, an ill-defined front lying west-to-east across the
    southern U.S. will remain diffuse/quasistationary, while a
    second/equally weak trough lingers west-to-east across the Midwest
    and into the central Plains. Meanwhile, a more vigorous front is
    forecast to shift across the Pacific Northwest and northern
    California ahead of the advancing upper system.

    Each of the three aforementioned fronts will focus areas of showers
    and thunderstorms through the period -- in particular the
    Midwest/central Plains and southern U.S. fronts. However, with
    generally weak flow aloft over the southern and eastern U.S., storms
    should remain generally disorganized/sub-severe. A few stronger
    cells -- capable of producing locally gusty winds -- may occur over
    Arizona, but expected coverage of convection does not warrant
    inclusion of a risk area at this time. In the northwest, stronger
    flow -- atop a much stronger surface front -- will result in a more
    favorable kinematic environment, but with weak instability expected,
    and thus very isolated storm coverage, risk across this region also
    does not appear to warrant an areal outline at this time.

    ..Goss.. 08/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 11, 2018 07:03:04
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110702
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110702

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 AM CDT Sat Aug 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across the large portion of the
    continental United States on Monday. Severe thunderstorm coverage is
    currently expected to be less than 5% for all areas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Largely stagnant upper pattern across the central and eastern CONUS
    is expected to slowly begin changing on Monday as the pair of upper
    lows -- one initially over the southern High Plains and the other
    over OH -- both slowly move northeastward while weakening. Even so,
    the overall changes in the upper pattern during much the period will
    be minimal with the more progressive and stronger flow aloft
    remaining north of the international border, attendant to positively
    tilted shortwave trough moving from Manitoba into the southern
    Hudson Bay. Southern portion of this shortwave trough may result in
    increased troughing from the northern Rockies into the northern
    Plains late in the period.

    Thunderstorms are anticipated beneath the upper ridging across the
    Southwest and Great Basin and also in the vicinity of the two upper
    lows. Despite somewhat enhanced flow aloft, weak lapse rates and
    stunted heating should keep severe coverage very low across the
    Carolinas. Isolated elevated thunderstorms are also anticipated
    overnight in the wake of a cold front moving through the northern
    Plains and upper Midwest. Stronger mid-level flow and more favorable
    vertical shear for storm organization will likely exist over this
    region but guidance has struggled with consistency on where the
    storms develop. Resulting uncertainty is too high to merit
    delineating an outlook area.

    ..Mosier.. 08/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 12, 2018 07:08:09
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Sun Aug 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across the large portion of the
    continental United States on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    In response to a building upper ridge across the Southwest and Great
    Basin, the upper low centered over the central Plains at the
    beginning of the period is expected to slowly drift northeastward
    while weakening. Second upper low over the Northeast will also drift northeastward as a shortwave trough moves across Quebec. Another
    shortwave trough in expected to move across the northern Rockies and
    northern High Plains.

    Given the presence of these disturbances and the warm and moist
    airmass in place across much of the CONUS, thunderstorms are
    anticipated across much of the Lower 48. Much of this thunderstorm
    activity is expected to be sub-severe, owing primarily to weak lapse
    rates and modest flow aloft. The only exception is across
    central/eastern MT and adjacent portions of southeast MT, southwest
    SD, and the western NE Panhandle. In this area, vertical shear
    supports a few stronger, more organized storms. Uncertainty
    regarding frontal position, the quality of the low-level moisture,
    and the location and speed of the approaching shortwave trough
    currently preclude introducing any severe probabilities. However,
    increased confidence in subsequent outlooks may merit the
    introduction of a threat area.

    ..Mosier.. 08/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 13, 2018 07:19:13
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Mon Aug 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE HIGH
    PLAINS AND PORTIONS OF NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of the High
    Plains and New England on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging extending from the Southwest through the northern
    Great Basin will continue to build throughout the period while broad
    cyclonic flow aloft persists across much of the central and eastern
    CONUS. A shortwave trough will likely move through the resulting
    northwesterly flow across the northern Plains while the remnants of
    an upper low, now an open wave, drift slowly northeastward through
    the mid MS Valley. Farther east, a progressive shortwave trough, and accompanying modest flow aloft, will move across Quebec and through
    New England.

    At the surface, low attendant to the mid MS Valley shortwave trough
    will become more defined throughout the period as will lee troughing
    across the High Plains. A cold front will likely to move through New
    England during the late afternoon and evening.

    ...High Plains...
    Lee troughing across the High Plains will encourage modest upslope
    flow as well as increase surface convergence across the region. The
    stronger forcing for ascent will likely be displaced to the
    northeast, tempering the overall thunderstorm coverage, increasing
    moisture and surface convergence along the lee trough will still
    likely lead to isolated thunderstorm development. Southeasterly
    low-level flow beneath moderate northwesterly flow aloft will result
    in enough vertical shear for modest storm organization. Resulting
    potential for large hail and/or damaging wind gusts merit
    introduction of a 5% area over the region.

    ...New England...
    Thunderstorms are expected to develop along and ahead of the
    shortwave trough and attendant cold front moving through the region. Temperatures are not expected to be overly warm but dewpoints in the
    low to mid 60s will help foster enough instability for a few
    stronger storms. Additionally, moderate mid-level flow moving into
    the area may promote isolated damaging wind gusts within bowing line
    segments. Highest thunderstorm coverage is anticipated across ME.

    ..Mosier.. 08/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 14, 2018 07:29:47
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Tue Aug 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION
    OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AS WELL AS THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI...TENNESSEE
    AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms will be possible Thursday over a part
    of the central Plains, as well as from the lower Mississippi Valley
    into the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys.

    ...Synopsis...

    Deamplifying shortwave trough will move northeast through the Ohio
    Valley, while an upstream impulse embedded within northwest flow
    advances southeast through the Central Plains and middle MS Valley.
    A convectively reinforced front will advance slowly south through
    the central Plains, while a weaker front/trough accompanies the
    shortwave trough into the OH Valley, with trailing portion extending
    southwest into OK.

    ...Central Plains into the middle Mississippi Valley...

    A moist warm sector with dewpoints in the mid to upper 60s should
    reside in vicinity of front beneath modest (7 C/km) mid-level lapse
    rates, and the atmosphere will likely become moderately unstable as
    the surface layer warms during the day. Storms may be ongoing within
    zone of ascent along/north of the front across a part of NE, but
    with new development likely during the afternoon along the front and
    residual outflow boundaries as the surface layer destabilizes. A
    belt of modest northwesterly winds aloft accompanying the shortwave
    trough will support 35-45 kt effective bulk shear. A few organized
    storms including embedded supercell structures capable of isolated
    large hail and damaging wind are possible with some potential for
    upscale growth into a small MCS during the evening. Have introduced
    a marginal risk for this outlook, but a slight risk may be needed in
    later updates.

    ...Ohio, Tennessee and lower Mississippi Valley regions...

    A belt of stronger winds in the 850-700 mb layer is forecast to
    accompany the shortwave trough the OH Valley region during the day.
    Areas of showers and storms with widespread clouds will likely be in
    progress early Thursday within plume of subtropical moisture and
    weak cap. However, partial clearing and pockets of heating may
    occur, especially south of the warm conveyor belt, and additional
    storms may develop during the afternoon. While vertical shear will
    remain weak, the stronger flow in the 850-500 mb layer may increase
    the threat for locally strong to damaging wind gusts with
    redevelopment of multicells and line segments during the afternoon.
    Other storms may develop along trailing part of the boundary as far
    back as AR and OK. Uncertainty regarding evolution of the
    thermodynamic environment precludes more than a marginal risk this
    update, but area will continue to be monitored for a possible slight
    risk.

    ..Dial.. 08/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 15, 2018 07:31:11
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed Aug 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM A PART OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE VALLEYS
    AND FROM THE MID ATLANTIC TO NORTHEAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few storms with locally strong to damaging wind gusts will be
    possible from parts of Oklahoma through the lower Mississippi and
    Tennessee Valleys. Other strong storms might occur over a part of
    New England.

    ...Synopsis...

    A deamplifying lead shortwave trough will advance northeast through
    New England early Friday with an upstream trough immediately on the
    heels of this feature forecast to approach the Northeast States
    Friday night. Farther south a positive-tilt shortwave trough will
    move through the middle to lower MS and TN Valleys during the day.
    At the surface a weak surface low will evolve over the lower Great
    Lakes in association with the northern-stream upper trough. A cold
    front will stretch southwest from the low through the OH Valley and
    into MO and OK. Warm front extending eastward from the low should
    move slowly north through southern New England. A lee trough will
    become established east of the Appalachians.

    ...Southern Plains to lower Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys...

    Storms may be ongoing early Friday over a part of this region and
    especially the middle to lower MS Valley in vicinity of surface
    front and in association with vorticity maxima rotating through the positive-tilt upper trough. South of this activity, heating of the
    moist boundary layer will contribute to moderate instability with
    1500-2000 J/kg MLCAPE, and storms are expected to redevelop along
    residual outflow boundaries during the afternoon. A belt of modest
    (20-35 kt) winds in the 850-500 mb layer should reside within base
    of the upper trough, and weak 0-6 km shear will promote multicell
    storm modes. Nevertheless, a few instances of locally strong to
    damaging wind gusts may accompany the some of the storms through
    early evening.

    ...Northeast States and Middle Atlantic regions...

    Storms will likely be ongoing within plume of subtropical moisture
    along warm conveyor belt from the Ohio Valley into a portion of the
    northeast states. Downstream from this activity and primarily east
    of the Appalachians, diabatic warming of the boundary layer may
    result in moderate instability with 1500-2000 J/kg MLCAPE possible.
    Storms may redevelop over the northeast U.S. along warm front,
    residual outflows from ongoing convection, as well as farther south
    over the higher terrain of the central Appalachians and spread east.
    Some augmentation of the vertical wind profiles will occur in
    association with the northern-stream shortwave trough and the
    migratory low-level jet, especially in the vicinity of the warm
    front. However, primary uncertainty in this region is extent of
    ongoing convection and clouds and the potential impact on
    destabilization. Therefore, will introduce a marginal risk category
    this outlook and continue to monitor for a possible slight risk in
    later updates.

    Otherwise, farther south across the Mid Atlantic, wind profiles will
    be weaker, but greater destabilization potential suggests multicell
    storms that move off the higher terrain or develop along lee trough
    may become capable of producing a few instances of downburst winds
    during the afternoon.

    ..Dial.. 08/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 16, 2018 07:09:22
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    ------------=_1534403367-1928-477
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160709
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160708

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CDT Thu Aug 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE HIGH
    PLAINS REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms with damaging wind and hail will be
    possible, primarily over the central and southern High Plains region
    Saturday afternoon and evening.

    ...High Plains region...

    Primary feature of concern Saturday will be a shortwave trough that
    is forecast to move from the northern Rockies into the central High
    Plains Saturday afternoon and evening. Preceding this feature and
    east of a lee trough situated over the Plains, low-level dewpoints
    in the 60s will reside beneath 7-7.5 C/km mid-level lapse rates. The
    atmosphere should become moderately unstable as the boundary layer
    warms during the afternoon with 1500 to 2000 J/kg MLCAPE likely. Destabilization and forcing for ascent attending vorticity maxima
    rotating through the upper low will promote development of storms
    initially over the higher terrain. This activity will subsequently
    spread into the moderately unstable atmosphere over the High Plains.
    Only modest winds aloft will accompany the upper trough with
    vertical shear supporting primarily multicells. Nevertheless, the
    thermodynamic environment will promote a threat for downburst winds
    and hail with some of the storms. Activity may eventually evolve
    into multicell clusters as storms continue east into the evening.
    Other storms may develop from the TX Panhandle into OK, especially
    during the evening as the low-level jet strengthens and interacts
    with stalled front. These multicell storms may also pose a risk for
    locally strong to damaging wind gusts and hail. An upgrade to slight
    risk may be needed in later updates for a portion of this region.

    ..Dial.. 08/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 17, 2018 07:01:23
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    ------------=_1534489287-1928-1104
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Fri Aug 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SOUTHERN GREAT
    PLAINS AND OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms will be possible mainly Sunday afternoon and
    evening over parts of the southern Great Plains and Ozarks.

    ...Great Plains and Ozarks...
    Low-amplitude shortwave trough should drift east across the central
    Great Plains during the period. Bulk of enhanced mid-level
    northerlies to westerlies should lie to the west and south of this
    feature from the central High Plains across parts of southern KS/OK
    to the Ozarks. Scattered convection will likely be ongoing at 12Z
    Sunday from the Dakotas to OK. Generally south of this early-day
    activity, prospects for stronger surface heating should overlap with
    the aforementioned belt of moderate mid-level flow. This will favor
    a conditional environment for multicells and a few supercells during
    the afternoon and evening in the southern Great Plains to Ozarks.
    Guidance varies markedly regarding the spatial extent of convective
    development during this time frame, likely related to lingering
    MCS/MCV effects from D2/early D3. At this point, will broadly brush
    MRGL risk probabilities to account for the potential of isolated
    severe.

    ..Grams.. 08/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 18, 2018 07:42:28
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 AM CDT Sat Aug 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    LOWER/MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY TO TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms will be possible on Monday across the Lower/Middle Mississippi River Valley to Tennessee Valley.

    ...Lower/Middle Mississippi Valley to Tennessee/Ohio Valleys...
    A shortwave trough will continue to spread east-northeastward over
    the middle Mississippi River Valley and Midwest on Monday. Even
    while this system will begin to lose amplitude, a belt of seasonally
    strong low/mid tropospheric winds will continue to overspread parts
    of the Mid-South, Tennessee Valley into the Lower Ohio Valley. The
    potential for relatively widespread cloud cover and precipitation
    should limit the overall magnitude of the severe risk. Regardless,
    potentially influenced by differential heating and outflows, storms
    should diurnally redevelop and intensify along, or more so, ahead of
    a cold front amidst moist/confluent low-level flow during the
    afternoon. While considerable uncertainty exists regarding the exact
    degree of destabilization, especially with northward extent into the Midwest/Ohio Valley, flow fields generally characterized by 30-35 kt
    effective shear magnitudes would support sustained multicells and a
    few supercells capable of primarily wind damage Monday afternoon and
    evening.

    ..Guyer.. 08/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 19, 2018 07:30:31
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    ------------=_1534663833-1928-2350
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sun Aug 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    OHIO RIVER VALLEY AND NORTH-CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible on Tuesday especially across
    portions of the Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic States.

    ...Appalachians/Upper Ohio River Valley and Mid-Atlantic/Northeast
    States...
    Although the primary surface cyclogenesis will be focused north of
    the International border, a semi-amplified belt of seasonally strong
    westerlies will overspread much of the region on Tuesday coincident
    with an eastward-moving cold front. While the possibility of
    relatively widespread early-day convection and cloud cover limits
    confidence in appreciable destabilization, relatively strong
    low-level shear and upwards of 35-40 kt effective shear suggests the
    potential for sustained multicells and some supercells where
    adequate diurnally enhanced destabilization occurs. This currently
    appears most probable across the north-central Appalachians and
    upper Ohio River Valley vicinity. That said, at least isolated
    severe storms may occur as far south as the Carolinas under a more
    modestly strong flow regime.

    ...Central High Plains...
    At least a few severe thunderstorms may occur across the region
    Tuesday afternoon into evening. This will be in association with
    enhanced moist low-level upslope flow to the north of a southern
    High Plains surface low and in conjunction with a moderately strong
    belt of westerlies to the north of the southern High Plains-centered upper-level ridge.

    ..Guyer.. 08/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 20, 2018 07:30:11
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    ------------=_1534750216-1928-2798
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Mon Aug 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    COASTAL CAROLINAS/MID-ATLANTIC STATES AND SOUTH-CENTRAL HIGH
    PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur Wednesday across
    portions of the coastal Carolinas/southeast Virginia and the
    south-central High Plains.

    ...Coastal Carolinas/Mid-Atlantic States...
    While there is some guidance variability as far as frontal timing
    and the disposition of early-period precipitation, there appears to
    be the potential for storms to redevelop near the slow-moving front
    Wednesday afternoon within a moist and potentially unstable air
    mass. Under the influence of cyclonic flow aloft, as much as 2000
    J/kg MLCAPE could materialize across the coastal Carolinas/far
    southeast Virginia in conjunction with 25-30 kt of effective shear.
    This could offer the possibility of at least some severe
    thunderstorms with wind damage as the most probable hazard.

    ...South-Central High Plains...
    Low-level upslope flow will generally persist into Wednesday across
    the region, although some weakening of the mid-level westerlies may
    occur to the north of the southern Plains upper ridge. Regardless,
    it appears there will be some potential for strong to severe
    thunderstorms capable of hail/wind across the region Wednesday
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Guyer.. 08/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 21, 2018 07:01:13
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    ------------=_1534834879-1928-3379
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Tue Aug 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN SD
    AND FAR SOUTHWEST MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across eastern South Dakota and
    far southwest Minnesota on Thursday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is expected to progress across the
    northern/central Plains on Thursday while downstream shortwave
    ridging moves across the Upper Great Lakes. Another shortwave trough
    will likely move into the Pacific Northwest late Thursday
    night/early Friday morning while largely stationary ridging across
    the southern third of the CONUS gradually begins to dampen.

    At the surface, a low attendant to the northern/central Plains
    shortwave trough will move just ahead of its parent upper system. As
    it does, surface troughing will also pushing eastward, with
    resulting dryline separating the warm and drier air emanating from
    the High Plains with the more moist air from the southern Plains and
    Southeast.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...Upper/Middle MO Valley...
    Moderate moisture return is anticipated across the region ahead of
    the approaching shortwave trough and its attendant surface low.
    There is some chance this moist advection is impeded by ongoing
    showers and thunderstorms across KS but the consensus amongst the
    most recent guidance is that mid 60s dewpoints will extend across
    far north as the NE/SD border by Thursday afternoon. Combination of
    this increased low-level moisture, surface convergence, and ascent
    from the approaching shortwave will likely lead to thunderstorm
    development over central SD Thursday afternoon. Expectation would be
    for these thunderstorms to then track southeastward towards
    southeast SD and vicinity along the instability gradient. Steep
    mid-level lapse rates and moderate vertical shear result in the
    potential for these storms to be organized and capable of severe
    hail and/or strong wind gusts. Severe coverage is expected to be
    high enough across eastern SD to merit a Slight Risk.

    For areas farther south (i.e. central/eastern NE), despite favorable
    low-level moisture, warm mid-level temperatures and displacement
    south of the stronger forcing for ascent will likely keep the warm
    sector free of convection. An isolated storm or two is possible in
    area of strong surface convergence and the airmass is supportive of
    a severe threat if an updraft can persist.

    ...North-Central/Northeast KS...Lower MO Valley...
    On Thursday evening, a strengthening low-level jet is expected to
    lead to increased warm-air advection atop the outflow left by
    antecedent thunderstorms. Current guidance suggests this warm-air
    advection will be enough to lift parcels to their LFCs, leading to
    the development of showers and thunderstorms. Isolated severe hail
    is possible within the strongest cells.

    ..Mosier.. 08/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 21, 2018 09:38:13
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    ------------=_1534844295-1928-3422
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210938
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210937

    Day 3 Convective Outlook RESENT 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0437 AM CDT Tue Aug 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN SD
    AND FAR SOUTHWEST MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across eastern South Dakota and
    far southwest Minnesota on Thursday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is expected to progress across the
    northern/central Plains on Thursday while downstream shortwave
    ridging moves across the Upper Great Lakes. Another shortwave trough
    will likely move into the Pacific Northwest late Thursday
    night/early Friday morning while largely stationary ridging across
    the southern third of the CONUS gradually begins to dampen.

    At the surface, a low attendant to the northern/central Plains
    shortwave trough will move just ahead of its parent upper system. As
    it does, surface troughing will also pushing eastward, with
    resulting dryline separating the warm and drier air emanating from
    the High Plains with the more moist air from the southern Plains and
    Southeast.

    ...Northern/Central Plains...Upper/Middle MO Valley...
    Moderate moisture return is anticipated across the region ahead of
    the approaching shortwave trough and its attendant surface low.
    There is some chance this moist advection is impeded by ongoing
    showers and thunderstorms across KS but the consensus amongst the
    most recent guidance is that mid 60s dewpoints will extend across
    far north as the NE/SD border by Thursday afternoon. Combination of
    this increased low-level moisture, surface convergence, and ascent
    from the approaching shortwave will likely lead to thunderstorm
    development over central SD Thursday afternoon. Expectation would be
    for these thunderstorms to then track southeastward towards
    southeast SD and vicinity along the instability gradient. Steep
    mid-level lapse rates and moderate vertical shear result in the
    potential for these storms to be organized and capable of severe
    hail and/or strong wind gusts. Severe coverage is expected to be
    high enough across eastern SD to merit a Slight Risk.

    For areas farther south (i.e. central/eastern NE), despite favorable
    low-level moisture, warm mid-level temperatures and displacement
    south of the stronger forcing for ascent will likely keep the warm
    sector free of convection. An isolated storm or two is possible in
    area of strong surface convergence and the airmass is supportive of
    a severe threat if an updraft can persist.

    ...North-Central/Northeast KS...Lower MO Valley...
    On Thursday evening, a strengthening low-level jet is expected to
    lead to increased warm-air advection atop the outflow left by
    antecedent thunderstorms. Current guidance suggests this warm-air
    advection will be enough to lift parcels to their LFCs, leading to
    the development of showers and thunderstorms. Isolated severe hail
    is possible within the strongest cells.

    ..Mosier.. 08/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 22, 2018 07:16:16
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220716
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220715

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CDT Wed Aug 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE UPPER AND MIDDLE MS VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Friday afternoon and evening
    across portions of the Upper and Middle Mississippi Valleys.

    ...Synopsis...
    Active upper pattern across the northern tier will persist into
    Friday with a shortwave trough continuing eastward from the northern
    Plains through the Upper/Middle MS Valley and into the upper Great
    Lakes region. Another shortwave trough initially over the Pacific
    Northwest will progress eastward through the northern Rockies and
    northern Plains. Southern third of the CONUS will remain dominated
    by subtropical ridging centered over east TX.

    At the surface, low attendant to the northern Plains shortwave will
    track just ahead of the parent upper system while gradually
    weakening. A warm front will likely extend from this low
    southeastward into IL while dryline extends southward/southwestward,
    gradually moving eastward throughout the day. Another surface low
    will likely track eastward across southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba
    while an associated cold front moves across the northern Plains.

    ...Upper/Middle MS Valley...
    Showers and thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the start of the
    period across the region, supported by warm-air advection into the
    warm frontal zone extending southeastward from the low gradually
    moving eastward across southern MN. Current expectation is for much
    of this activity to be east of the region by the mid-afternoon,
    allowing for a few hours of heating withing the narrow warm sector
    ahead of the approaching surface trough/dryline. Even amidst this
    stunted heating, ample low-level moisture will allow for airmass destabilization with erosion of the convective inhibition aided by
    the approaching shortwave trough. Given dewpoints in the upper
    60s/low 70s and steep mid-level lapse rates, moderate to strong
    instability is anticipated. Vertical shear will also be enhanced by
    the approaching shortwave, with greater than 40 kt of 0-6 km bulk
    shear likely across the region.

    This overall environment is supportive of severe thunderstorms,
    particularly across eastern IA and adjacent portions of northeast MO
    and far northwestern IL. Primary severe threats appear to be large
    hail and damaging wind gusts. Some potential for significant severe
    hail exists, although uncertainty regarding occurrence is too high
    to introduce a significant severe threat area with this outlook.
    Threat for a tornado or two also exists, particularly in the
    vicinity of the warm front extending across the region. Warm
    temperatures aloft and resulting capping are currently the
    mitigating factor preventing higher severe probabilities from
    central MO back into central KS.

    ..Mosier.. 08/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 23, 2018 07:27:51
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Thu Aug 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN MN
    AND FAR EASTERN SD...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across central and western
    Minnesota and far eastern South Dakota Saturday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper pattern across the northern third of the CONUS will remain
    fairly progressive as a series of shortwave troughs track through
    the moderate westerly flow aloft. A weakening shortwave trough is
    expected to move northeastward from the Upper Great Lakes into
    southern Quebec while another shortwave moves eastward from southern Saskatchewan/northern High Plains eastward into northwest Ontario. A
    surface low will track northeastward just ahead of this upper
    feature with an attendant cold front progressing southeastward
    across the northern/central Plains and into the Upper MS Valley.

    ...Upper MS Valley...Northern/Central Plains...
    Ample low-level moisture is expected to be in place across the
    region ahead of the approaching cold front. This low-level moisture
    coupled with steep mid-level lapse rates will lead to strong
    instability. MLCAPE values over 2000 J/kg will be common with some
    areas likely seeing MLCAPE over 3000 J/kg. Despite the large amounts
    of instability and the presence of an approaching cold front, warm
    mid-level temperatures are expected to inhibit overall convective
    development, likely keeping storm coverage isolated for all but the
    eastern Dakotas and western MN. In this area, better surface
    convergence along the front as well as stronger lift attendant to
    the approaching shortwave trough will help erode any capping,
    leading to a greater likelihood for widely scattered coverage.

    The overall environment appears conditionally favorable for severe thunderstorms with 0-6 km bulk vertical shear over 40 kt and long
    hodographs typically indicative of splitting supercells. Some
    isolated significant hail is possible, particularly with any
    discrete development across southern portions of the region.
    However, previously mentioned factors tempering storm coverage
    result in too much uncertainty to delineate any sig severe areas.

    During the evening, thunderstorms will likely develop across
    southern MN as the low-level jet increases and the resulting
    warm-air advection lifts parcels to their LFCs. Some hail may occur
    within the strongest storms.

    ..Mosier.. 08/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 24, 2018 07:29:27
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1535095771-1928-4958
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Fri Aug 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY THROUGH
    SUNDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE UPPER MIDWEST INTO SOUTHERN
    PORTIONS OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION AND ACROSS PARTS OF THE NORTHERN
    PLAINS INTO UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Sunday through Sunday night across
    parts of the Upper Midwest into southern portions of the Great Lakes
    region, and across parts of the northern Plains into upper
    Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    To the east of a large/strong high centered over the northeast
    Pacific, models suggest some phasing of a couple branches of
    mid-latitude westerlies. It appears that a vigorous northern branch
    short wave will dig southeast of the Canadian Rockies and contribute
    to larger-scale upper trough amplification across the northern U.S. intermountain region and Rockies. A weaker/weakening southern
    branch impulse may precede this latter feature, accelerating east
    northeast of the northern U.S. Rockies earlier in the forecast
    period. At the same time, downstream, a couple of convectively
    generated or enhanced perturbations appear likely to continue to
    migrate northeast of the central Plains and merge into the southern
    periphery of the mid-latitude westerlies across parts of the Upper
    Midwest into southern portions of the Great Lakes region.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes region...
    At least some timing differences exist, but forcing for ascent and
    enhanced vertical shear associated with the convectively generated
    or enhanced perturbations are expected to contribute to an
    environment conducive to organized convective development Sunday.
    This may include isolated supercells, and one or more upscale
    growing clusters of storms. Models indicate the presence of a
    residual very moist boundary layer, coupled with steepening
    mid-level lapse rates that may support large CAPE around or in
    excess of 3000 J/kg. This probably will support convection capable
    of producing severe wind and hail.

    ...Northern Plains into upper Mississippi Valley...
    Models indicate that a stalling/retreating surface front may become
    the focus for vigorous thunderstorm development across southeast
    Montana and the North and South Dakota border vicinity by late
    Sunday afternoon, if not earlier. Beneath steep mid-level lapse
    rates near the northern periphery of warm elevated mixed layer air,
    boundary layer moistening (through at least the lower/mid 60s F) is
    forecast to contribute to large CAPE (on the order of 2000-3000
    J/kg). Inflow of this air into convection, in the presence of
    strengthening mid-level flow and shear (40-50+ kt at 500 mb),
    probably will be supportive of severe storms accompanied by the risk
    for severe hail and wind. Aided by forcing for ascent associated
    with lower/mid-level warm advection, the upscale growth of one or
    two organizing clusters appears possible through Sunday night.

    ..Kerr.. 08/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, August 25, 2018 07:27:30
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    ------------=_1535182055-1928-5310
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sat Aug 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY THROUGH
    MONDAY NIGHT ACROSS THE UPPER MIDWEST AND ADJACENT GREAT LAKES
    REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across the Upper Midwest and
    adjacent portions of the Great Lakes region Monday through Monday
    night.

    ...Synopsis...
    While models indicate that a prominent mid-level ridge over the
    northeastern Pacific may become increasingly suppressed during this
    period, the downstream mid-latitude westerlies across Canada and the
    northern tier of the U.S. appear likely to remain largely zonal,
    with at least a couple of lingering distinct branches. Within the
    southern branch, large-scale troughing evolving by early Monday
    across the northern U.S. intermountain region and Rockies is
    forecast to shift eastward across the central Canadian/U.S. border
    area, northern U.S. Plains and Upper Midwest during this period.
    This may occur somewhat piecemeal, in the form of several emerging
    waves, with perhaps the strongest perturbation not accelerating
    northeast of the Wyoming Rockies until Monday afternoon. This
    probably will be in the wake of a southeastward advancing surface
    front, which is forecast to trail from a surface low near the
    Minnesota/Ontario border through the mid Missouri Valley and north
    central High Plains by 12Z Monday.

    Substantive further deepening of this initial cyclone appears
    unlikely as it migrates across Ontario into Quebec by late Monday
    night. It appears that upstream surface wave development will
    remain weak, with the front becoming quasi-stationary beneath
    moderate to strong southwesterly mid/upper flow across the Upper
    Midwest into the mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Upper Midwest/upper Great Lakes region...
    Beneath a plume of warm elevated mixed-layer air emanating from the central/southern Great Basin, boundary layer dew points near 70f
    along and south of the stalling surface front appear likely to
    support moderate to large CAPE on the order of 2000-3000+ J/kg by
    Monday afternoon. Given this environment, coupled with the
    continuing presence of a moderate to strong southwesterly 850 mb jet
    (which may restrengthen in excess of 30 kt after some early period
    weakening), a risk for tornadoes does not appear out of the
    question. This would seem to largely hinge on the evolution of any
    boundaries generated by preceding convection which might allow for
    the development of a south/southeasterly component to the surface
    flow, and provide focus for discrete storm development near/south of
    the front.

    However, at the present time, the front appears likely to be the
    primary focus for thunderstorm development as mid-level inhibition
    weakens Monday afternoon. This probably will take the form of an
    evolving convective line, with an initial mostly severe hail threat transitioning to a damaging wind threat. The gradual evolution and strengthening of a surface cold pool may be accompanied by
    southeastward surges of the squall line across northern/central
    Wisconsin and adjacent upper Michigan, perhaps eventually into lower
    Michigan Monday night. Additional similar cold pool evolution may
    occur upstream, across parts of southeastern Minnesota and adjacent
    portions of Wisconsin/Iowa.

    ..Kerr.. 08/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, August 26, 2018 07:11:06
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    ------------=_1535267468-1928-5622
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260711
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260710

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 AM CDT Sun Aug 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING IN A CORRIDOR FROM THE CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH
    THE UPPER MIDWEST AND GREAT LAKES REGION INTO NORTHERN NEW
    ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact a corridor from the central Plains
    through the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region into northern New
    England Tuesday afternoon and evening, accompanied by at least some
    risk for damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    The southern of a couple of branches of mid-latitude westerlies
    appears likely to continue to trend more zonal through this period
    across portions of the northern tier of the U.S. and southern
    Canada. Within this regime, models suggest that one or two
    increasingly sheared impulses will continue to develop east
    northeastward through the mid Missouri Valley, Upper Midwest and
    Great Lakes region, into Ontario and Quebec. However, sizable
    spread is evident among the various model output concerning these
    features, and possible accompanying wave development along an
    associated surface frontal zone.

    ...Central Plains/Upper Midwest/Great Lakes/New England...
    Uncertain synoptic and sub-synoptic evolution through this period
    contributes to low confidence concerning convective evolution and
    the extent of any possible severe weather potential. Models do
    suggest that a lingering plume of at least modestly steep mid-level
    lapse rates, coupled with seasonably high boundary layer dew points,
    will support moderate to large CAPE along and south of the surface
    front and/or preceding convective outflow boundaries (1000-2000+
    J/kg across parts of northern New England into the lower Great Lakes
    and 2000-3000+ J/kg across the Upper Midwest into parts of the
    central Plains). Although these boundaries and the stronger
    potential instability may begin to become displaced to the south of
    the stronger mid-level westerlies, particularly across southwestern
    portions of the Great Lakes into the central Plains, the environment
    still may become conducive to organized convective development.
    This could include both supercell structures and upscale growing
    thunderstorm clusters posing a risk for severe wind and hail Tuesday
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Kerr.. 08/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, August 27, 2018 07:18:08
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    ------------=_1535354294-1928-6039
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CDT Mon Aug 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING WITHIN A NARROW CORRIDOR ACROSS PARTS OF THE
    SOUTH CENTRAL PLAINS THROUGH THE OHIO VALLEY...LOWER GREAT LAKES AND
    NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong thunderstorms may impact a narrow corridor
    from the south central Plains through the Ohio Valley, lower Great
    Lakes region and northern New England on Wednesday, accompanied by
    at least some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models indicate that a prominent subtropical high center may weaken
    while shifting east of the Mid Atlantic coast during this period.
    However, subtropical ridging is otherwise expected to prevail across
    much of the central and southern tier of the U.S., to the south of
    generally zonal belts of westerlies across parts of the northern
    tier states and Canada. Stronger short wave perturbations within
    the westerlies, including one accelerating across and to the
    northeast of the Great Lakes region, may become confined to areas
    north of the international border by late Wednesday. Surface wave
    development along an associated cold front probably will remain
    weak, but some southward advancement of the front appears possible
    across the lower Great Lakes/upper St. Lawrence Valley vicinity.
    Models also indicate a continuing southward progression of the front
    into the Ohio Valley, but the front is expected to stall, then
    perhaps retreat northward, across parts of the central Plains by
    late Wednesday night.

    ...East of lower Great Lakes into New England...
    Stabilization of mid-level lapse rates, associated with the
    erosion/overturning of elevated mixed-layer air advecting
    northeastward on the southern fringe of the westerlies by early
    Wednesday, may limit the degree of pre-frontal destabilization.
    Still, CAPE on the order of 1000+ J/kg appears possible by Wednesday
    afternoon, in the presence of 30-40 kt west/southwesterly flow in
    the 850-500 mb layer. This environment appears at least
    conditionally supportive of organized severe storm development.
    However, stronger mid/upper support for thunderstorm development may
    remain focused across southern Ontario into southern Quebec. While,
    widely scattered storms may eventually develop east of the lower
    Great Lakes and into northern New England late Wednesday afternoon
    and evening, uncertainties, particularly concerning storm coverage,
    preclude an outlook of greater than 5 percent severe probabilities
    at this time.

    ...South of lower Great Lakes into Plains...
    South of the westerlies, generally weak lower/mid tropospheric wind
    fields are expected to limit severe weather potential. However,
    models indicate that high boundary layer moisture content will
    support moderate CAPE (2000+ J/kg) within a narrow pre-frontal
    corridor. This may be sufficient to support isolated to widely
    scattered (mostly diurnal) vigorous thunderstorm development, which
    could pose some risk for localized damaging surface gusts and
    perhaps some hail.

    ..Kerr.. 08/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, August 28, 2018 07:08:27
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Tue Aug 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    General thunderstorms are forecast over the Mid-Atlantic states,
    Southeast, and central U.S. on Thursday and Thursday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    The belt of stronger westerlies will remain confined to the Northern
    Rockies east into the Upper Midwest on Thursday. A series of weak
    mid-level perturbations will move through a trough centered over the
    Canadian prairie provinces. In the low levels, a frontal zone over
    the central Plains will advance northward as a moisture plume
    extends from KS into the eastern Dakotas to the east of an elongated
    surface trough over the northern and central Plains.

    ...Dakotas/MN...
    The aforementioned disturbance is progged to largely pass to the
    north of the area during the day. A reinvigorated elevated mixed
    layer is forecast to overspread the central U.S. and
    convective-initiation uncertainty for diurnal thunderstorms is
    relatively high. Models suggest isolated to scattered thunderstorms
    may develop within a warm advection zone farther east over MN late
    in the day or after dark. Will revisit in later outlooks if a
    portion of this region may need a severe-probability highlight if
    placement uncertainties can be resolved.

    ...Lower/middle MO Valley...
    The northern periphery of a moisture reservoir over the southern
    Plains states/Ozarks will advance northward into the lower MO Valley
    during the day as a strong capping inversion and associated EML
    overspread the area. Models indicate an absence of a large-scale
    upper feature to aid in thunderstorm development in an otherwise
    strongly unstable airmass.

    ..Smith.. 08/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, August 29, 2018 07:01:30
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Wed Aug 29 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS EASTERN
    NEBRASKA...WESTERN IOWA...AND SOUTHERN MINNESOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from
    portions of the central Plains northeastward into the Upper Midwest
    on Friday and Friday night.

    ...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...
    A low-amplitude mid-level trough will move across the north-central
    U.S. during the Day 3 period as a mid-level anticyclone remains
    situated over the DelMarVa and adjacent areas of the western
    Atlantic. A cold front will sag into parts of the Upper Midwest and
    extend into the central High Plains where a weak area of low
    pressure is forecast.

    Showers and elevated thunderstorms may be ongoing early Friday over
    southern MN/IA within a warm advection regime. This activity will
    probably weaken by late morning. Diurnal storm development will
    probably focus farther west within the frontal zone over
    western/central portions of MN/eastern SD where weak mid-level
    height falls will overspread the area. Rich low-level moisture
    beneath steep mid-level lapse rates will result in strong buoyancy
    from southwest MN into eastern NE and northeast KS by late
    afternoon. It appears the mid- to high-level flow weakens
    considerably with southward extent across eastern KS. Veering and strengthening flow with height will yield a wind profile
    conditionally supportive of thunderstorm organization. Scattered
    thunderstorms will probably develop by early evening from southwest
    MN into eastern NE/western IA with an attendant severe risk.
    Upscale growth into a strong/severe cluster farther east into IA may
    occur during the evening.

    ..Smith.. 08/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, August 30, 2018 06:40:05
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300640
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300639

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0139 AM CDT Thu Aug 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    ILLINOIS AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN INTO PARTS OF NEBRASKA AND KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Saturday from southern
    Wisconsin and northern Illinois westward into portions of Nebraska
    and Kansas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad/weak mid-level trough is forecast to be centered over the
    Rockies on Saturday while a mid-level ridge remains over the East
    Coast. Modest southwesterly mid-level flow will extend through the
    central High Plains east-northeastward into the Great Lakes. A
    disturbance is projected to move from the central High Plains
    eastward to the MO River near the IA/NE border late. Another weak
    mid-level perturbation, perhaps of convective origin, is forecast to
    move across the western and central Great Lakes. In the low levels,
    a frontal zone will push eastward into the central Great Lakes while
    the western portion of the boundary becomes more diffuse and stalls
    over the central High Plains.

    ...Mid MS Valley into the central Plains...
    A thunderstorm cluster will likely be ongoing early Saturday morning
    near the WI/IL/IA vicinity near the terminus of a weakening
    southwesterly LLJ. A marginal threat for wind damage may linger
    into the morning with this activity before gradually weakening
    during the morning as it moves towards Lake Michigan/western Lower
    Michigan. To the south of the west-east boundary, a moisture
    reservoir will destabilize and yield moderate to strong buoyancy by
    peak heating. A couple of widely spaced surface-based thunderstorms
    will probably develop within the west-east corridor. If confidence
    increases, higher severe probabilities may be introduced over the MO
    Valley in later outlooks. The western part of this broad region
    will feature steep lapse rates and would potentially support a
    hail/wind risk with sustained thunderstorms that develop. A
    strengthening southerly LLJ after dark over the central Plains/MO
    Valley may enable isolated severe storms to persist well into the
    evening.

    ..Smith.. 08/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, August 31, 2018 06:17:42
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    ------------=_1535696265-1928-8525
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310617
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310616

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0116 AM CDT Fri Aug 31 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to locally severe thunderstorms are possible Sunday
    from northeast Kansas into southwest Wisconsin.

    ...Discussion...

    Overall pattern will change little into the day3 period as an upper
    high holds firm over the Middle Atlantic while broad/weak troughing
    continues over the western United States. Minor short-wave troughs
    that eject northeast between these two feature shouldn't alter
    height fields appreciably; although, substantial convection appears
    likely within a high-PW air mass. Strongest convection is forecast
    to once again develop along a corridor from the central Plains into
    the upper Great Lakes region. While boundary-layer heating should
    contribute to buoyancy along this zone, low-level warm advection is
    expected to be a major contributing factor in thunderstorm
    development. Forecast soundings suggest convection that evolves
    within the MRGL risk will do so within seasonally strong deep
    southwesterly flow but only modest lapse rates. As a result, some
    organization seems possible. The greatest risk for hail/wind should
    be during the afternoon/evening but convection is expected along a
    corridor from the High Plains into the upper Great Lakes region
    through the period.

    ..Darrow.. 08/31/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 01, 2018 05:23:13
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010523
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010522

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 AM CDT Sat Sep 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN
    ND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are expected across western North
    Dakota Monday. Hail and wind are the primary threats with late afternoon/evening convection.

    ...ND...

    Heights will be suppressed across the northern Plains during the
    latter half of the day3 period as a pronounced trough digs into
    AB/SK/MT. In response to this feature, LLJ will strengthen across
    western ND and deep-layer shear will become marginally supportive of supercells. Latest guidance suggests strong boundary-layer heating
    will be noted along/west of the lee trough across MT/WY and forecast
    soundings indicate surface parcels will reach their convective
    temperatures by 21z. Convection should develop along the lee
    trough/dry line then spread/develop northeast into southern MB,
    aided during the overnight hours by frontal forcing. Substantial
    CINH across SD and the lack of appreciable large-scale ascent do not
    favor this activity developing very far south.

    ...Elsewhere...

    Very moist plume, with substantial clouds/precip, will continue to
    be shunted around the persistent mid-level anticyclone over the
    Middle Atlantic. While modest deep-layer shear will be noted from
    the southern/central Plains - upper Midwest - Great Lakes - northern
    New England, poor lapse rates and weak buoyancy do not warrant
    severe probs at this time. If/when pockets of more predictable
    higher instability evolve along this corridor then probabilities may
    be introduced.

    ..Darrow.. 09/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 02, 2018 06:33:17
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    ------------=_1535870001-46358-1105
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020633
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020632

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0132 AM CDT Sun Sep 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE UPPER
    MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong thunderstorms may evolve within a broader corridor of
    convection from portions of Iowa into Wisconsin. Gusty winds and
    marginal severe hail are the primary threats.

    ...Upper Midwest...

    Upper high will remain anchored over the Middle Atlantic through the
    day3 period. Episodic bouts of convection are expected to be noted
    around the periphery of this feature with significant clouds/precip
    expected to overturn instability across the central/southern Plains
    and suppress steeper lapse rates from regenerating across this
    region. Even so, latest model guidance suggests a notable short-wave
    trough will lift north-northeast around the anticyclone into eastern
    NE/IA by late afternoon. Shear profiles will likely be enhanced
    ahead of this feature such that a few stronger, longer-lived
    updrafts could briefly attain severe levels. With poor lapse rates
    forecast across the upper Midwest, it appears the greatest risk for
    severe will be gusty winds and marginally severe hail; otherwise, if
    low-level shear is sufficient, a brief tornado can not be ruled out.

    ..Darrow.. 09/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 03, 2018 06:29:20
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1535956162-46358-1683
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030629
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030628

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 AM CDT Mon Sep 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm threat will be low during the day3 period.
    However, a considerable amount of convection can be expected from
    the south-central States into the Great Lakes.

    ...Discussion...

    Stubborn Middle Atlantic ridge will be slow to break down through
    mid week as the large-scale pattern is expected to change little
    through Wednesday. Moist trajectories around the anticyclone will
    ensure a significant amount of convection during the period from the
    Gulf States - southern/central Plains - Great lakes. Without a fresh
    supply of steep lapse rates, repetitive convective events across
    this region will suppress instability such that updrafts should
    struggle to achieve appreciable intensity. One region where stronger
    updrafts may develop will be across southern ON into extreme
    southwest QC along a frontal zone. Models suggest strong
    boundary-layer heating will likely develop ahead of the wind shift
    which should encourage a few robust storms during the day. This
    activity will spread toward the international border during the
    latter half of the period but weaker overnight buoyancy should limit
    the severe threat across upstate NY. Another area where a few strong
    storms could develop will be along the Gulf Coast in association
    with expected tropical system #7. It's not entirely clear how
    organized this low pressure will be when it moves inland mid week;
    however, shear profiles will likely increase such that organized
    convection may be possible. Even so, too much uncertainty exists
    regarding #7's land-falling intensity and severe probs will not be
    included this period.

    ..Darrow.. 09/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 04, 2018 06:19:27
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040619
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040618

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 AM CDT Tue Sep 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered convection will develop along a cold front across the
    northeastern United States Thursday, a few of these storms may
    produce strong winds.

    ...Northeastern United States...

    Notable mid-level disturbance located over OK this morning is
    expected to lift north into IA during the day1 period, then eject
    across the lower Great Lakes day2. This feature will be absorbed
    within stronger westerlies that should sag south into the
    northeastern US Thursday. Latest model guidance continues to suggest
    a very moist plume will extend around the periphery of Middle
    Atlantic ridge and scattered convection will remain common along
    this corridor. Have introduced 5% severe probs to the northeastern
    US given the expected increase in moisture/buoyancy ahead of the
    disturbance. Additionally, models suggest boundary-layer heating
    will be maximized ahead of a front that will surge southeast across
    this region during the day. While convective temperatures may be
    breached by early afternoon, it appears frontal convergence will be
    the primary forcing mechanism for potentially strong thunderstorms.
    Forecast shear profiles, along with large-scale forcing, suggest
    line segments will evolve along the wind shift. Locally damaging
    winds are the primary threat with convection that propagates
    southeast across this region.

    ...Remnants of Gordon...

    Tropical cyclone Gordon is forecast to move inland late day1 then
    move northwest into the lower MS Valley where rapid weakening is
    expected. While low-level shear will remain somewhat enhanced with
    this feature across portions of northern MS into AR/MO, the
    probability for organized severe is expected to remain too low to
    warrant severe probs at this time. It's not evident at this time
    whether pockets of surface heating/stronger instability will provide
    sufficient buoyancy for robust convection necessary for severe wind
    gusts.

    ..Darrow.. 09/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 05, 2018 06:54:00
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050653
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050653

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CDT Wed Sep 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms will be common across the southern half of
    the country, east of the Rockies Friday.

    ...Discussion...

    Short-range models are in general agreement that the Middle Atlantic
    ridge will hold through the day3 period. The reluctance of this
    feature to move will allow the remnants of Gordon to eventually
    eject across the lower MS Valley toward IL where it may eventually
    accelerate along the southern fringe of stronger westerlies. Prior
    to this acceleration, a considerably weaker low will result in
    greatly reduced shear across AR/MO/IL. Additionally, in the absence
    of appreciable boundary-layer heating, forecast lapse rates will be
    too weak to warrant any meaningful threat of severe this period.

    Elsewhere, weak CINH from the southern Rockies to the Middle
    Atlantic coast will continue to prove favorable for scattered
    convection. The greatest concentration of storms may focus near a
    frontal zone that is expected to extend across KY into the Delmarva.
    Again, forecast shear/instability are too marginal to warrant severe
    probs Friday.

    ..Darrow.. 09/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 06, 2018 05:56:39
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060556
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060555

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CDT Thu Sep 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms, possibly severe, are expected over the northern
    High Plains Saturday afternoon and evening. Gusty winds, and perhaps
    some hail are the primary threats.

    ...Northern High Plains...

    Heights are expected to fall across the northern Rockies during the
    day3 period as a notable short-wave trough ejects across WA/OR into
    the northern High Plains by the end of the period. In response to
    this feature, lee trough will establish itself across eastern MT/WY
    where strong boundary-layer heating is forecast by afternoon. Latest
    NAM guidance suggests surface temperatures will rise into the mid
    80s across this region and convective temperatures may be breached
    by 22-23z. Additionally, weak large-scale ascent should spread over
    this area which could aid convection that initiates near peak
    heating. Forecast soundings suggest this activity will be high-based
    in nature and only modestly sheared. As a result, gusty winds are
    the primary threat, though marginally severe hail could also be
    noted.

    ...Remnants of Gordon...

    Remnants of Gordon may begin to eject northeast during the day3
    period as this system gains latitude over the mid MS Valley region.
    If this occurs, shear profiles may actually become more supportive
    of weak supercells, especially with convection near a retreating
    synoptic front. Will not introduce severe probs for this scenario at
    this time as weak boundary-layer heating will be problematic for
    sustaining updrafts. Additionally, mesoscale influences will likely
    modulate convection at a level that is too uncertain beyond the day1
    period.

    ..Darrow.. 09/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 10, 2018 07:00:54
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Mon Sep 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few storms could produce large hail across the far northern Plains
    Wednesday afternoon into the overnight.

    ...Northern Plains...
    The large-scale mid-level pattern will not undergo much change on
    Wednesday, leaving a corridor of enhanced southwesterly flow aloft
    across the north-central states. Similar to the prior day, this will
    yield an environment that will probably be unfavorable for a
    considerable coverage of storms. Nonetheless, in tandem with a
    series of low-amplitude perturbations lifting northeast across
    Montana during the day, a southerly low-level jet is forecast to
    strengthen over the Dakotas. Increasing warm-air advection at the
    terminus of this jet is expected to support at least isolated storms
    late Wednesday across northern ND and northwestern MN. These storms
    should be rooted above cool surface air to the north of a front,
    such that isolated large hail will be the primary threat (given
    steep mid-level lapse rates and ample effective shear).

    ...Coastal Carolinas...
    Although Hurricane Florence will gradually be approaching the
    Carolinas through late Wednesday night, the storm should remain far
    enough away to keep any substantive tornado threat well offshore
    through the end of the period.

    ..Picca.. 09/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 07, 2018 06:50:41
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070649

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CDT Fri Sep 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    While isolated strong storms are possible across the High Plains on
    Sunday, organized severe weather is not currently anticipated.

    ...High Plains...
    On Sunday the region will be situated between a broad mid-level
    trough over the Mississippi Valley and a ridge extending eastward
    from the Pacific to the Desert Southwest. Resultant modest
    west/northwesterly flow aloft will be established from eastern New
    Mexico and the TX/OK Panhandles northward to the Canadian border.
    Several low-amplitude impulses will likely be transiting through
    this regime, offering weak, but perhaps sufficient large-scale
    ascent for isolated storms along a lee trough during the
    afternoon/evening. Effective shear on the order of 25-30 kt and
    weak/moderate surface-based buoyancy could support a few stronger
    cells. However, uncertainty regarding the coverage/location of
    storms (due to weak large-scale ascent) and the limited nature of
    the potential severe threat preclude severe probabilities at this
    time frame.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley...
    Partially associated with the northeastward advance of Gordon's
    remnant circulation, a mid-latitude cyclone is forecast to deepen
    slightly over Indiana/Ohio on Sunday. As it does so, strengthening
    low-level wind fields near a warm front east of the surface low will
    likely yield considerable shear. However, a lack of substantive
    surface-based buoyancy near the front is currently expected to
    greatly limit any potential severe threat. A marginal risk could be
    introduced in later outlooks, though, contingent on identification
    of any smaller-scale areas with a higher potential for adequate
    surface-based destabilization.

    ..Picca.. 09/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 08, 2018 06:53:14
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080653
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080652

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CDT Sat Sep 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of stronger storms may be possible across parts of the
    Mid-Atlantic Monday, but organized severe weather is not
    anticipated.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    A compact shortwave trough will lift northeast from the Great Lakes
    region into southern Ontario/Quebec through the period. As it does
    so, a considerable low-level jet will develop northward from
    Pennsylvania into New England. A surface warm front will also lift
    north along the Mid-Atlantic coastline, with lower 70s dew points to
    its south. While strong warm advection aloft will yield plentiful
    elevated convection to the north of the front, the northward
    departure of the low-level jet and rising mid-level heights suggest
    convection should be limited in coverage near/south of the warm
    front, where at least weak/modest surface-based buoyancy will exist.
    If deep convection can sustain within the warm sector, a marginal
    damaging wind / brief tornado threat could materialize. However,
    with most convection expected to remain north of the front, the
    potential for severe weather appears too low for probabilities at
    this time.

    ..Picca.. 09/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 09, 2018 06:50:49
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 090650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090649

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CDT Sun Sep 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong/severe storms, capable of a few instances of hail
    and damaging winds, may be possible across the northern Plains late
    Tuesday.

    ...Northern Plains...
    Relatively fast, southwesterly 500mb flow will establish over the
    region on Tuesday. In turn, a plume of steep mid-level lapse rates
    is forecast to advance east/northeastward over eastern North Dakota
    and much of Minnesota. Beneath this EML plume, southerly flow ahead
    of a surface front will likely have transported dew points in the
    low/mid 60s northward towards the Canadian border. Combined with a
    narrow corridor of heating near/ahead of the front, the above
    conditions should support at least moderate surface-based buoyancy
    across eastern North Dakota and northwestern Minnesota by late
    afternoon.

    While forcing for ascent will not be particularly robust given the
    flat nature of the flow, guidance suggests one or more weak
    vorticity maxima should reduce convective inhibition enough for at
    least isolated convection by evening. Effective shear will be on the
    order of 30-40 kt, supporting some updraft organization and an
    uptick in the hail threat. However, vectors oriented parallel to the
    front and the aforementioned weak ascent are expected to limit cell organization/persistence enough that only a marginal threat of
    wind/hail is expected at this time.

    ...New England...
    A warm front will continue lifting northeast across the region
    Tuesday morning, in conjunction with a strong low-level jet
    advancing into New Brunswick. The tail of this jet may trail far
    enough south across New England such that some enhancement of
    low-level shear will overlap at least a weakly buoyant near-surface
    environment during the morning/afternoon. However, as stronger
    large-scale ascent will generally be displaced to the north, deep
    convection may be quite limited in the warm sector. Therefore, a
    marginal risk does not appear warranted at this time.

    ..Picca.. 09/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 11, 2018 06:59:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1536649202-46358-7099
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110659
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110658

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CDT Tue Sep 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS COASTAL NORTH CAROLINA...VIRGINIA TIDEWATER...AND SOUTHERN DELMARVA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A tornado or two may occur from the North Carolina coast into the
    Virginia Tidewater as Hurricane Florence approaches.

    ...Synopsis...
    The overall upper pattern is expected to remain relatively unchanged
    from Wednesday. Broad troughing extending from western Canada
    through the Pacific Northwest may lose some amplitude as a shortwave
    trough moves within the enhanced mid-level flow extending throughout
    the southern periphery of the troughing (from central CA into the
    northern Plains). Upper ridging will persist from the southern High
    Plains into the Mid-Atlantic with Hurricane Florence moving within
    this ridging towards the Carolina coast.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    Surface pattern will likely feature a low over SD with a weakening
    cold front extending northeastward in northwest Quebec. Weak
    troughing may also link this low with the lee troughing extending
    throughout the High Plains. Despite convergence along these
    boundaries, temperatures aloft are currently expected to be too warm
    to support surface-based convection. Elevated thunderstorms are
    possible across the northern Plains and upper Midwest, particularly
    during the evening and overnight, and the vertical shear will likely
    be strong enough to support updraft rotation. However, uncertainty
    regarding coverage is too high to include any severe probabilities
    across this region.

    ...Carolinas/Hurricane Florence...
    Guidance is a fairly good agreement that the center of Florence will
    be 150-180 miles south-southeast of HSE at the beginning of the Day
    3 period (12Z Thursday). It is during this period (i.e. between 12Z
    Thursday and 12Z Friday) when some models depict Florence slowing
    its forward motion in response to a weakness in the flow aloft. Some
    of the guidance actually slows the storm enough to keep it offshore
    while others bring the storm farther inland before significantly
    slowing it. As such, there is uncertainty on whether or not the
    front-right quadrant will make it onshore before 12Z Friday. This
    uncertainty limits including higher probabilities in this outlook.
    If confidence that the right-front quadrant (and its associated
    favorable wind profiles and higher theta-e) comes ashore increases
    in subsequent outlooks, Slight-Risk-equivalent probabilities will
    likely be needed.

    ..Mosier.. 09/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 12, 2018 07:22:00
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1536736923-46358-7661
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Wed Sep 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ALONG THE NORTH
    CAROLINA COAST AND OVER NORTHERN MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A tornado or two is possible along the North Carolina coast as
    Hurricane Florence impacts the region. Some thunderstorms capable of
    hail are also possible during the evening and overnight across
    northern Minnesota.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level flow extending through the southern and eastern periphery
    of the upper troughing over the northwest CONUS will persist through
    the period. Some strengthening of this flow is possible as upper
    ridging over the central CONUS builds. Building of this ridge
    coupled with a strengthening surface high will cause Hurricane
    Florence, which will likely be just off the southern NC coast at 12Z
    Friday, to move very little during the period. Another tropical
    system will likely move into South TX.

    ...Coastal NC/Hurricane Florence...
    Given the expectation that Florence will likely move little during
    the period, where the system stalls will have a large impact on
    tornado risk. A more inland location will result in a higher and
    more extensive threat while a location further offshore would keep
    the higher theta-e air and easterly low-level flow over the water.
    Even with these uncertainties, the strength of the system and
    resulting tornado threat merits including of 5% severe probabilities
    along the coastal portions of the NC.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    A stalled frontal zone will transition to a warm front as lee
    troughing deepens across the High Plains and encourages increased southeasterly/southerly surface winds. Warm mid-level temperatures
    will likely suppress any surface-based convection but increased
    low/mid-level flow during the evening and overnight is expected to
    support at least isolated thunderstorms across from eastern MT
    across ND and into northern MN. Vertical shear is supportive of
    storm organization and the potential for hail, particularly across
    the MN arrowhead where storm development appears most probable.
    Instability is expected to be more limited farther west (i.e. across
    ND and into eastern MT), tempering potential storm coverage and
    severe potential.

    ..Mosier.. 09/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 13, 2018 07:22:15
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1536823337-46358-8175
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Thu Sep 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST
    NC AND NORTHEAST SC AND OVER EASTERN ND AND NORTHERN MN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A tornado or two is possible across southeast North Carolina and
    northeast South Carolina in the vicinity of Florence. A few severe thunderstorms are also possible across eastern North Dakota and
    northern Minnesota.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is expected to progress quickly northeastward
    from central CA through the northern High Plains within a belt of
    strong mid-level flow. Expansive upper ridging will continue to
    dominate the sensible weather across much of the central and eastern
    CONUS. The only exception is over the Carolinas as tropical cyclone
    Florence continues to slowly move westward/southwestward through the
    region.

    ...Carolinas...
    Forecast from the National Hurricane Center reduces Florence to
    tropical storm strength by the beginning of the period (12Z
    Saturday) and places the center of the system over northeast SC
    (approximately 30 miles SSE of FLO). The system is expected to
    continue weakening throughout the day but mid-level winds around the
    system will remain quite strong, leading to large hodographs and
    high storm-relative helicity throughout its northern half. Along the
    coastal areas of southeast NC and northeast SC, the potential exists
    for the airmass to become modestly unstable as high theta-e air is
    advected into the region by easterly/southeasterly surface winds.
    Consequently, a few low-topped supercells capable of brief tornadoes
    are possible in this area.

    ...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...
    Stalled frontal zone extending from southeast MT southeastward into
    SD and then eastward through central MN at the beginning of the
    period is expected to move northward as a warm front in response to strengthening moist return flow across the Plains. Dewpoints across
    the region south of the front are expected to be in the upper
    60s/low 70s. This favorable low-level moisture beneath steep
    mid-level lapse rates will result in a moderately to strongly
    unstable airmass. Moderate vertical shear is also expected over the
    region. Consequently, the environment is conditionally supportive of
    severe thunderstorms capable of all hazards. However, warm mid-level temperatures associated with this elevated mixed layer could result
    in too much inhibition for thunderstorm development. The lack of any
    synoptic forcing for ascent and large-scale height rises also reduce
    confidence in convective initiation. Even so, the conditional
    potential is high enough to delineate 5% probabilities across
    eastern ND and northern MN where the probability for storm
    development is highest.

    ..Mosier.. 09/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 14, 2018 07:29:12
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    ------------=_1536910157-46358-8733
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Fri Sep 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Risk for severe storms appears minimal at this time across the U.S.
    on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis/Discussion...
    Large-scale upper ridging is forecast to prevail across most of the
    central and eastern U.S. Sunday, while troughing over the Pacific
    Northwest vicinity gradually deamplifies with time. Meanwhile,
    Florence is expected to continue weakening, becoming a tropical
    depression over the southern Appalachians vicinity per the latest
    NHC forecast.

    While low-level flow surrounding Florence will remain moderately
    strong -- particularly north of the center across the North Carolina
    vicinity, upslope component to the flow suggests widespread
    precipitation and moist adiabatic lapse rates. While the tornado
    risk appears to be non-zero, potential appears too low at this time
    to warrant introduction of severe weather probability.

    Meanwhile, a cold front is forecast to shift eastward across the
    northern Plains, as short-wave troughing advances across the region.
    However, with stronger flow aloft likely to remain well to the cool
    side of the surface front, marginal shear and the likelihood that
    storms remain isolated preclude addition of a risk area at this
    time.

    ..Goss.. 09/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 15, 2018 07:23:17
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    ------------=_1536996199-46358-9442
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Sat Sep 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE UPPER MIDWEST/UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms may occur across parts of the upper
    Midwest/upper Mississippi Valley area.

    ...Synopsis...
    Southward suppression of the upper ridge over the U.S. is forecast
    Monday, as a belt of stronger westerly flow shifts gradually
    southward. While short-wave troughing should continue to eject
    east-northeast across southern Canada, the main trough should remain
    just off the West Coast.

    As short-wave troughing crosses southern Canada, a surface front
    will continue to advance slowly southeastward across the Great Lakes
    and northern/central Plains. Meanwhile, remnants of Florence are
    expected to be turning more eastward -- shifting across the upper
    Ohio Valley and central Appalachians through the period.

    ...Southeast South Dakota to western Wisconsin...
    The slow advance of a frontal zone across the north-central U.S. may
    focus an area of thunderstorm development by late afternoon/evening,
    despite a somewhat benign upper pattern. Much of the convection is
    progged to occur north of the front within a zone of isentropic
    ascent, with the warm sector likely to remain capped across much of
    the area. However, some potential for a few surface-based storms
    appears to exist, from far northeast Nebraska and southeast South
    Dakota eastward to western Wisconsin. Here, a combination of
    moderate destabilization above the cap and the southern fringe of
    stronger mid-level westerlies expanding atop the surface frontal
    zone suggest conditional risk for severe weather, should storms
    develop. Given this potential, a low-probability/MRGL risk area is
    being added to the forecast at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 15, 2018 14:38:18
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537022304-46358-9632
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    ACUS03 KWNS 151438
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151437

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0937 AM CDT Sat Sep 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE UPPER MIDWEST/UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    CORRECTED FOR PROBABILITY GRAPHIC

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms may occur across parts of the upper
    Midwest/upper Mississippi Valley area.

    ...Synopsis...
    Southward suppression of the upper ridge over the U.S. is forecast
    Monday, as a belt of stronger westerly flow shifts gradually
    southward. While short-wave troughing should continue to eject
    east-northeast across southern Canada, the main trough should remain
    just off the West Coast.

    As short-wave troughing crosses southern Canada, a surface front
    will continue to advance slowly southeastward across the Great Lakes
    and northern/central Plains. Meanwhile, remnants of Florence are
    expected to be turning more eastward -- shifting across the upper
    Ohio Valley and central Appalachians through the period.

    ...Southeast South Dakota to western Wisconsin...
    The slow advance of a frontal zone across the north-central U.S. may
    focus an area of thunderstorm development by late afternoon/evening,
    despite a somewhat benign upper pattern. Much of the convection is
    progged to occur north of the front within a zone of isentropic
    ascent, with the warm sector likely to remain capped across much of
    the area. However, some potential for a few surface-based storms
    appears to exist, from far northeast Nebraska and southeast South
    Dakota eastward to western Wisconsin. Here, a combination of
    moderate destabilization above the cap and the southern fringe of
    stronger mid-level westerlies expanding atop the surface frontal
    zone suggest conditional risk for severe weather, should storms
    develop. Given this potential, a low-probability/MRGL risk area is
    being added to the forecast at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 16, 2018 06:53:23
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    ------------=_1537080806-46358-10066
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160653
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160652

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CDT Sun Sep 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Little risk for severe storms is evident at this time across the
    U.S. on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Eastward progression of the upper pattern over the U.S. is expected
    Tuesday, as an eastern Pacific trough moves inland across the
    western U.S., and weak northeastern U.S. troughing shifts into the
    western Atlantic. Meanwhile, ridging aloft will prevail across the
    central CONUS through the period.

    At the surface, a cold front is forecast to shift across the
    Northeast, as remnants of Florence move off the southern New England
    Coast. Farther west, trailing portions of this front should linger
    in a wavy manner from east to west across the Midwest and into the
    Central Plains.

    Elevated showers and thunderstorms will likely be ongoing across
    parts of the upper Midwest and upper Mississippi Valley early in the
    period near the frontal zone, and should persist through much of the
    period. A stronger storm or two may prove capable of producing hail
    across the Iowa vicinity, though potential appears too low to
    warrant inclusion of a risk area at this time.

    Elsewhere across the U.S., severe storms are not currently
    anticipated Tuesday.

    ..Goss.. 09/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 17, 2018 07:21:58
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    ------------=_1537168924-46358-10643
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Mon Sep 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Gradual eastward advance of a western U.S. upper trough is progged
    for Wednesday, with ridging to prevail over the eastern half of the
    country. As the western trough advances, lee-side surface low
    pressure over the central High Plains vicinity early in the period
    should gradually develop northeastward across the central Plains,
    with a warm front shifting northward across the Midwest and cold
    front trailing southwestward across Nebraska/Kansas and into the
    southern Rockies by the end of the period.

    With the warm sector of the aforementioned surface system to remain
    largely capped, convection will remain generally confined to areas
    north of the warm front, and westward into the higher terrain of the
    Rockies. A few storms may develop along the cold-frontal zone by
    late afternoon, but a marginal CAPE/shear combination suggests
    little appreciable severe risk, at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 18, 2018 07:34:32
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537256079-46358-11051
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180734
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180733

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Tue Sep 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS AND MIDWEST TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be possible Thursday from portions of the central
    Plains northeastward to the Upper Great Lakes region.

    ...Synopsis...
    Stout upper ridging is progged to persist Wednesday over the eastern
    states, which will result in the advancing trough being shunted to
    the northeast with time as it exits the Rockies and crosses the
    north-central states. By the end of the period, the deamplifying
    trough should be centered over the Upper Great Lakes region, while
    the dominant ridge remains centered over the Southeast.

    At the surface, a low initially progged to be crossing the
    Mid-Missouri Valley/upper Midwest should deepen as it shifts across
    the Upper Great Lakes toward southern Ontario/western Quebec. A trailing/advancing cold front will focus a zone of thunderstorms --
    and some severe risk -- from the central Plains to the Upper Great
    Lakes region.

    ...The Mid-Missouri and Upper Mississippi Valleys, and Upper Great
    Lakes...
    Diurnal heating of the pre-frontal boundary layer is expected, as
    the low -- and warm front -- shift northward into/across the Upper
    Great Lakes. Resulting destabilization, combined with large-scale
    ascent focused near the surface cold front will support afternoon
    storm development -- from Kansas northeast to the Upper Great Lakes.

    With strong southwesterly flow aloft spreading atop the frontal zone
    -- particularly from roughly Iowa northward, a few stronger storms
    appear likely to evolve through the afternoon, possibly growing
    upscale with time into a line/band of locally severe convection.
    Large hail and locally damaging winds appear to be the primary risk
    with stronger updrafts, with risk likely diminishing gradually after
    dark into the Midwest and toward the lower Great Lakes.

    ..Goss.. 09/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 18, 2018 11:14:04
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537269250-46358-11121
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    ACUS03 KWNS 181113
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181112

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0612 AM CDT Tue Sep 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    PLAINS AND MIDWEST TO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

    CORRECTED THUNDER LINE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be possible Thursday from portions of the central
    Plains northeastward to the Upper Great Lakes region.

    ...Synopsis...
    Stout upper ridging is progged to persist Wednesday over the eastern
    states, which will result in the advancing trough being shunted to
    the northeast with time as it exits the Rockies and crosses the
    north-central states. By the end of the period, the deamplifying
    trough should be centered over the Upper Great Lakes region, while
    the dominant ridge remains centered over the Southeast.

    At the surface, a low initially progged to be crossing the
    Mid-Missouri Valley/upper Midwest should deepen as it shifts across
    the Upper Great Lakes toward southern Ontario/western Quebec. A trailing/advancing cold front will focus a zone of thunderstorms --
    and some severe risk -- from the central Plains to the Upper Great
    Lakes region.

    ...The Mid-Missouri and Upper Mississippi Valleys, and Upper Great
    Lakes...
    Diurnal heating of the pre-frontal boundary layer is expected, as
    the low -- and warm front -- shift northward into/across the Upper
    Great Lakes. Resulting destabilization, combined with large-scale
    ascent focused near the surface cold front will support afternoon
    storm development -- from Kansas northeast to the Upper Great Lakes.

    With strong southwesterly flow aloft spreading atop the frontal zone
    -- particularly from roughly Iowa northward, a few stronger storms
    appear likely to evolve through the afternoon, possibly growing
    upscale with time into a line/band of locally severe convection.
    Large hail and locally damaging winds appear to be the primary risk
    with stronger updrafts, with risk likely diminishing gradually after
    dark into the Midwest and toward the lower Great Lakes.

    ..Goss.. 09/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 19, 2018 07:26:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537342002-46358-11435
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Wed Sep 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    OHIO VALLEY EASTWARD/NORTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Potential for severe storms -- largely accompanied by damaging-wind
    risk -- is expected across the Northeast and Ohio Valley Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong but low-amplitude upper trough initially forecast over the
    Upper Mississippi Valley/western Upper Great Lakes Friday morning is
    forecast to shift quickly east-northeast to the Canadian Maritimes
    and New England by the end of the period. Meanwhile, fast/largely
    zonal flow is forecast across the northern half of the country in
    the wake of this trough. Elsewhere, upper ridging is progged to
    persist over the Southeast.

    At the surface, a strong cold front initially stretching from the
    Upper Great Lakes to the southern Plains will sweep quickly eastward
    across the eastern half of the country, as the deep/parent low
    advances northeastward across Quebec. By late period, the front
    should be clearing the New England coast, while trailing
    west-southwestward from the Mid-Atlantic region to Texas. This
    front will likely be accompanied by a line of fast-moving showers
    and thunderstorms, possibly accompanied locally by the risk for
    damaging winds.

    ...The Ohio Valley and Northeast...
    As a strong surface cold front advances quickly eastward across the
    Ohio Valley and Great Lakes, modest pre-frontal destabilization
    should support development of showers and thunderstorms -- which
    should grow quickly upscale into a frontal band/squall line. With
    strong flow aloft ahead of the advancing upper system --
    particularly along and north/northeast of the Ohio Valley,
    fast-moving storms and potential for locally damaging winds will
    likely evolve through the afternoon. Rapid eastward advance of
    convection through the evening is expected, and while gradual
    nocturnal stabilization will occur, damaging-wind risk may
    linger/spread into New England overnight given strength of the flow
    field aloft.

    ..Goss.. 09/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 20, 2018 07:21:44
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537428106-1955-208
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Thu Sep 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected across the U.S. on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    As an energetic short-wave trough within the fast belt of polar
    westerlies over the northern U.S. and Canada shifts across the
    Maritimes and into the northwest Atlantic, a second trough within
    this belt of flow will move inland across the Pacific Northwest.
    South of the main belt of flow, a weak trough is progged to move
    slowly across the southern Plains region, while several weak
    disturbances move across the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys through the
    period.

    At the surface, the trailing portion of a cold front vacating the
    northeastern U.S. early in the period is forecast to remain
    quasi-stationary, stretching from the Mid-Atlantic region, across
    southern Appalachians, to the Arklatex area. The main southward
    advance of the colder air north of this front should be limited to
    portions of Texas and Oklahoma, west of a weak low progged to drift
    very slowly eastward across the northeast/east Texas vicinity
    through the period.

    Scattered showers and thunderstorms are forecast along the
    quasi-stationary front, but with the boundary south of the belt of
    stronger flow aloft, little risk for severe weather is evident at
    this time. Widespread convection is forecast across the
    south-central U.S. -- from eastern portions of the southern Plains
    into the lower Mississippi Valley -- ahead of the weak upper system.
    Here also, weak shear should preclude appreciable severe risk.

    ..Goss.. 09/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 21, 2018 07:31:46
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537515108-1955-855
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Sep 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not anticipated across the U.S. on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Persistent ridging aloft is forecast across the southeastern U.S. on
    Sunday, while several weak disturbances south of the main belt of
    westerlies continue to cross the south-central and
    mid-south/southeastern portions of the country. Meanwhile, within
    the belt of stronger westerlies farther north, northwestern U.S.
    troughing is forecast to move steadily eastward across the
    Intermountain West, gradually emerging into the northern Plains
    during the second half of the period.

    As this trough nears the Plains, High Plains lee troughing is
    forecast to shift eastward, with a weak low/cold front gradually
    evolving. By early Monday morning, a weak low is progged to lie
    over the northern Minnesota vicinity, with a trailing cold front
    extending south-southwestward to the central High Plains.

    Elsewhere, a lingering west-to-east surface front over the
    south-central and southeastern U.S. is forecast to weaken/dissipate
    with time, as high pressure builds southward out of Canada --
    primarily east of the Appalachians. By the end of the period, a
    weak/remnant low lingering over eastern portions of Texas may be all
    that remains discernible.

    Showers and thunderstorms are expected across parts of the
    south-central and southeastern states and into the mid-Atlantic
    region, where a relatively moist airmass may linger near and south
    of the dissipating front. Farther west, isolated showers and storms
    are expected over parts of the northern Intermountain Region. At
    this time, it appears that any convection farther east into the
    Plains will be confined to the cool side of the front -- and as
    such, severe-weather risk appears minimal at this time.

    ..Goss.. 09/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 22, 2018 06:43:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1537598640-1955-1489
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 220643
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220642

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0142 AM CDT Sat Sep 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...MID MISSOURI VALLEY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI
    VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe thunderstorms with hail and strong gusty winds
    will be possible on Monday from parts of the central Plains
    northeastward into the Upper Mississippi Valley.

    ...Central Plains/Mid Missouri Valley/Upper Mississippi Valley...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the northern High
    Plains and central Rockies on Monday. At the surface, a cold front
    will advance southeastward across the central Plains and mid
    Missouri Valley. Surface dewpoints ahead of the front are forecast
    to increase into the upper 50s and lower 60s F as weak instability
    develops along the front during the late afternoon. It seems most
    likely that thunderstorms will develop by early evening along the
    front from the central Plains northeastward into the upper
    Mississippi Valley with this convection spreading eastward during
    the evening. Forecast soundings Monday evening from southeast
    Nebraska into southeast Minnesota have enough instability for an
    isolated severe threat suggesting hail and strong gusty winds will
    be possible. However, weak buoyancy should keep any severe threat
    marginal across the region Monday evening.

    ..Broyles.. 09/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 23, 2018 07:36:55
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    ------------=_1537688221-1955-1808
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 AM CDT Sun Sep 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    EASTERN MISSOURI NORTHEASTWARD TO THE LAKE ERIE VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe risk -- mainly in the form of damaging winds -- is forecast
    to evolve Tuesday from the Ozarks vicinity northeastward to the
    Lower Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    A long-wave upper trough is progged to reside over central NOAM at
    the start of the period, with a shorter-wavelength trough embedded
    therein to advance slowly eastward with time.

    In conjunction with short-wave progression aloft, a seasonably
    strong surface cold front -- initially expected to lie from the
    Upper Great Lakes southwestward to the southern Rockies -- will
    likewise advance eastward/southeastward, and should extend from
    roughly the Lake Erie vicinity southwestward in an arcing manner
    across the Mid-South, and then to central Texas.

    Elsewhere, upper-level ridging will flank the large area of cyclonic
    flow, while corresponding surface high pressure prevails both east
    and west of the advancing surface front.

    ...The Ozarks vicinity northeastward to the Lower Great Lakes...
    As a surface cold front sweeps across the Upper Great Lakes/Midwest
    region during the day Tuesday, modest pre-frontal boundary-layer heating/destabilization is expected. Robust large-scale ascent --
    focused near the surface front -- should allow development of a
    frontal or pre-frontal convective band, which will likely grow
    upscale into an at least loosely continuous squall line through late afternoon/early evening. With moderately strong west-southwest flow
    aloft supporting both locally organized updrafts and fast storm
    motion, locally damaging winds will likely affect a broad portion of
    the Midwest vicinity as the system advances quickly eastward.

    With the strongest flow over northern fringes of the outlook area,
    some risk for damaging winds appears evident despite more limited
    availability of CAPE with northward extent. Later, as instability
    diminishes diurnally across the entire risk area, severe threat
    should gradually decrease through the overnight hours.

    ..Goss.. 09/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, September 24, 2018 07:25:35
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    ------------=_1537773936-1955-2114
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 240725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Mon Sep 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    APPALACHIANS ACROSS THE NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/isolated severe storms will be possible Wednesday across the
    Northeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    Long-wave troughing is forecast to remain established over the
    central U.S. this period, flanked by ridging across the eastern
    Pacific/West Coast states, and over the western Atlantic/Southeast
    states. Within the broader/long-wave cyclonic flow, a
    shorter-wavelength trough is forecast to advance quickly
    east-northeastward from the Upper Great Lakes/western Ontario, to
    the Lower Great Lakes and western Quebec through the daylight hours,
    and then across New England and into the Canadian Maritimes by the
    end of the period.

    Meanwhile, a second short-wave trough is progged to dig quickly
    southeastward across the Canadian Prairies, reaching the
    north-central U.S. after dark.

    At the surface, a seasonably strong cold front is forecast to
    continue advancing quickly eastward/southeastward across the
    southern and eastern portions of the country. By the end of the
    period, the front will likely have moved off the New England coast,
    trailing southwestward from the Mid-Atlantic region to the western
    Gulf Coast vicinity by 27/12z. Progression of this front will be
    accompanied by a zone of showers and thunderstorms, which will
    likewise traverse the southern and eastern U.S. through the period.

    Meanwhile farther north, a second cold front is forecast to advance southeastward out of Canada and across the northern Intermountain Region/northern Plains. However, with a drier pre-frontal airmass
    ahead of this front, only isolated shower activity is expected.

    ...The Northeast...
    Modest pre-frontal heating/destabilization is expected Wednesday
    across the Northeast, which should support continuation -- and some intensification -- of the ongoing frontal convective band as it
    moves across the upper Ohio Valley and lower Great Lakes region into
    the central Appalachians through the day. With the front serving as
    a linear-organizing mechanism and with shear sufficient for
    long-lived updrafts, evolution into semi-continuous squall line is
    expected. While flow aloft is not progged to be excessively strong
    -- and with a limited across-boundary component to the shear vector,
    combined with only modest CAPE, the overall setup is not ideal, with
    respect to widespread/significant wind risk. Still, locally
    gusty/damaging winds can be expected along more intense/possibly
    bowing line segments -- primarily from early afternoon through early
    evening.

    ..Goss.. 09/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, September 25, 2018 07:02:38
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    ------------=_1537858962-1955-2405
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 250702
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250701

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0201 AM CDT Tue Sep 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CAROLINAS AND EASTERN GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal wind damage threat will be
    possible Thursday afternoon across parts of the Carolinas and far
    eastern Georgia.

    ...Eastern and Southern North Carolina/South Carolina/Far Eastern
    Georgia...
    An upper-level trough will move slowly eastward across the
    north-central states on Thursday as southwest mid-level flow remains
    along the Atlantic Seaboard. At the surface, a cold front is
    forecast to move southeastward across the Carolinas with the front
    extending southwestward into the central Gulf Coast States. Surface
    dewpoints ahead of the front in the lower 70s F may enable a pocket
    of moderate instability to develop along the coastal plains of the
    Carolinas and eastern Georgia around midday. Surface heating and
    increased low-level convergence along the front should result in
    scattered thunderstorm development. 0-6 km shear of 25 to 35 kt
    along with steep low-level lapse rates, evident on forecast
    soundings, may be enough for a marginal wind damage threat during
    the afternoon.

    ..Broyles.. 09/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, September 26, 2018 06:06:13
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    ------------=_1537941979-1955-2946
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260606
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260605

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0105 AM CDT Wed Sep 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected on Friday from the southern
    Plains eastward across the Gulf Coast States into the Carolinas.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move across the mid to upper Mississippi
    Valley on Friday as southwest mid-level flow remains over the
    Atlantic Seaboard. A moist airmass will be in place across the Gulf
    Stream with the airmass impinging the coast in the eastern Carolinas
    and in eastern Georgia. Surface-based thunderstorms will be possible
    on this portion of the coast along sea breeze boundaries Friday
    afternoon. However, the combination of instability and deep-layer
    shear that is forecast appears to be insufficient for a severe
    threat.

    ..Broyles.. 09/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, September 27, 2018 05:32:47
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    ------------=_1538026374-1955-3440
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270532
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270531

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CDT Thu Sep 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Saturday across the southern tier
    of the U.S. Additional thunderstorms may occur across parts of the
    central states.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Zonal flow will remain over the northern U.S on Saturday as several low-amplitude upper-level disturbances move eastward through the
    flow. At the surface, a lee low is forecast to deepen across eastern
    Colorado on Saturday as a moist airmass remains in place from the
    southern Plains eastward across the Gulf Coast States. Thunderstorms
    will be possible Saturday afternoon from the southern Plains
    northeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley while additional storm development could take place in parts of the central and eastern
    Gulf Coast States. The combination of instability and deep-layer
    shear across the CONUS is too marginal to warrant adding severe
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Broyles.. 09/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, September 28, 2018 07:19:20
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    ------------=_1538119164-1955-4009
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Fri Sep 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Little change to the large-scale pattern is expected from Saturday
    into Sunday. A modest subtropical ridge, centered over the
    Southeast, likely will remain a prominent influence across much of
    the southern into central tier of the United States. To the north
    of this feature, split mid-latitude westerlies will converge into
    strong zonal flow straddling the Canadian/U.S. border area. One
    short wave impulse within the southern branch (emerging from the
    Pacific on Saturday) appears likely to become increasingly sheared
    across the northern intermountain region/northern Rockies, into the
    Dakotas by late Sunday night. While a much more vigorous upstream
    short wave trough digs across the Pacific, well west of California,
    Hurricane Rosa may begin accelerating more rapidly northeastward
    across the lower latitude eastern Pacific (though still well to the
    southwest of Baja through this period).

    An influx of low-level moisture downstream of Rosa, into portions of
    the Southwest, may be accompanied by increasing potential for widely
    scattered thunderstorm activity on Sunday. Elsewhere, a lingering
    plume of seasonably high moisture content may remain a focus for
    largely diurnal thunderstorm activity across parts of the Gulf and
    south Atlantic Coast states. At the same time, the inland migrating
    southern branch perturbation may be accompanied by a few
    thunderstorms across the northern Rockies vicinity, while downstream low/mid-level warm advection contributes to increasing thunderstorm
    development above/to the cool side of a quasi-stationary frontal
    zone extending from the central Plains into the Great Lakes region.
    Due to the extent to which it appears that warm and capping elevated mixed-layer air will advect above/to the north of the frontal zone,
    it currently appears that elevated thunderstorm development may be
    far enough removed from the better low-level moisture/potential
    instability that any risk for severe hail will remain negligible.

    ..Kerr.. 09/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, September 29, 2018 07:19:27
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538205573-1955-4499
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 290719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Sat Sep 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN IOWA AND ADJACENT NORTHEASTERN
    MISSOURI INTO NORTHERN ILLINOIS AND SOUTHERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the Upper Midwest Monday
    afternoon and evening, accompanied by at least some risk for severe
    weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Little change to the general large-scale pattern is expected from
    Sunday into Monday. Downstream of a blocked regime over the eastern Pacific/Alaska, mid/upper flow will remain broadly confluent across
    and inland of the Pacific coast. Split belts of westerlies likely
    will continue to converge into strong zonal flow straddling the
    Canadian/U.S. border area, to the west and north of broad
    subtropical ridging centered across the Gulf and south Atlantic
    Coast region.

    Within one branch of westerlies emanating from the southern
    mid-latitude Pacific, models indicate that mid/upper troughing may
    continue to evolve to the west of the California coast. Just ahead
    (and to the southeast) of this feature, the remnants of Hurricane
    Rosa are forecast to continue accelerating northeastward, across
    northern Baja by 12Z Tuesday.

    Downstream, the sheared remnants of a mid-level closed low
    (currently approaching northern California) appear likely to
    accelerate east of the northern Plains into and through the lower
    Great Lakes region. It appears that this feature may support weak
    wave development along a stalled surface frontal zone, roughly
    across southern Iowa through lower Michigan by the end of the
    period.

    ...Upper Midwest/middle Mississippi Valley Vicinity...
    Models suggest that insolation and boundary layer moistening,
    beneath a remnant plume of elevated mixed-layer air, may support a
    corridor of weak to moderate mixed-layer CAPE (500-1000+ J/kg) just
    to the south of the surface front, from the lower central Plains
    northeastward across the middle Mississippi Valley. By late Monday
    afternoon, this may be sufficient to support vigorous thunderstorm
    development. This seems mostly likely to become focused within a
    zone of stronger forcing for ascent in close proximity to the
    frontal wave, across parts of eastern Iowa/adjacent northeastern
    Missouri through portions of southern Wisconsin and northern
    Illinois by Monday evening. Aided by favorable vertical shear
    associated with 30-50 kt flow in the 850-500 mb layer, it appears at
    least possible that the environment could become conducive to
    organized severe convection. This may include an isolated supercell
    or two, and possibly a small upscale growing convective system,
    before activity weakens in waning instability by late Monday
    evening.

    ..Kerr.. 09/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, September 30, 2018 07:27:30
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    ------------=_1538292455-1955-4882
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 300727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sun Sep 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY
    AFTERNOON ACROSS PARTS OF THE LOWER GREAT LAKES REGION INTO THE
    UPPER OHIO VALLEY/ALLEGHENY PLATEAU REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the upper Ohio Valley and
    Allegheny Plateau, to the south and east of Lake Erie, Tuesday
    afternoon, accompanied by at least some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Subtropical ridging centered over the Gulf Coast states appears
    likely to maintain a prominent influence across much of the
    southeastern U.S. through this period. Within the westerlies, it
    does appear that a significant trough and embedded closed low, in
    one branch across the southern mid-latitude eastern Pacific, will
    approach the central/southern California coast by late Tuesday
    night. Ahead of this feature the lower/mid tropospheric remnants of
    Rosa may progress northeastward and eastward across parts of the
    Colorado Plateau and southern Rockies into the central High Plains.

    Farther north, another short wave trough is forecast to dig across
    southern British Columbia before turning eastward along the
    Canadian/U.S. border vicinity. It may become sheared within an
    increasingly confluent regime, as a more vigorous impulse pivots
    southeast of the Northwest Territories, toward the Canadian
    Prairies. In response to these developments, models continue to
    indicate that significant surface cyclogenesis may commence from the
    lee of the northern U.S. Rockies into South Dakota by late Tuesday
    night. It appears that this latter development may become focused
    along a frontal zone trailing from a much weaker wave, which is
    forecast to migrate east of the lower Great Lakes region early in
    the period.

    Areas of widely scattered to scattered thunderstorms are possible
    Tuesday through Tuesday night, mostly in association with the
    impulses within the westerlies, but also beneath the subtropical
    ridging across the Gulf Coast. However, the potential for severe
    thunderstorms is expected to remain generally low, mostly due to
    modest to weak instability, but also due to weak wind fields/shear
    where CAPE may become largest across the Gulf Coast vicinity.

    ...Upper Ohio Valley/Allegheny Plateau vicinity...
    In relatively close proximity to the weak surface low migrating east
    of the lower Great Lakes, and southwestward along a trailing lake
    breeze/cold front, models suggest that surface dew points increasing
    through the mid/upper 60s coupled with insolation could contribute
    to a narrow corridor of CAPE on the order of 500-1000+ J/kg by
    Tuesday afternoon. In the presence of favorable shear associated
    with a belt of 30-50 kt 850-500 mb flow, organized convection
    appears possible. Some of this could pose a risk for severe wind
    and hail, but the overall severe weather potential still appears
    limited due to the weakness of the frontal wave.

    ..Kerr.. 09/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 01, 2018 07:29:09
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538378953-1955-5304
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 010729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Mon Oct 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN IOWA AND
    SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA INTO NORTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Wednesday afternoon and evening
    across parts of the Upper Midwest. It appears that this will
    include a risk for tornadoes, in addition to damaging wind gusts.
    Strong storms may also impact parts of the Southwest, accompanied by
    at least some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models continue to indicate that a significant short wave trough
    will pivot southeastward, then eastward, across and east of the
    Canadian Prairies during this period. As it does, it still appears
    that there will be increased phasing with a vigorous short wave
    impulse turning eastward/northeastward along the international
    border into northern Ontario. Associated forcing for ascent appears
    likely to support rapid deepening of an initially deep surface
    cyclone migrating northeastward out of the eastern Dakotas, across
    James Bay into northwestern Quebec by late Wednesday night. As it
    does, a trailing cold front is forecast to surge through the upper
    Great Lakes region, upper half of the Mississippi Valley and
    northern through central Plains.

    At the same time, subtropical ridging centered over the Gulf Coast
    region is expected to maintain a prominent influence over much of
    the Southeast. However, a pair of significant short wave troughs,
    within separate belts of westerlies emanating from the Pacific, will
    begin to migrate inland. The lead impulse, initially a closed low
    off the central/southern California coast, is forecast to accelerate
    inland across the southern Sierra Nevada and lower Colorado Valley
    by the end of the period.

    ...Upper Midwest into portions of the Missouri Valley...
    Guidance continues to generally indicate that the sub 1000 mb
    cyclone center will migrate northeastward out of eastern South
    Dakota through northern Minnesota by mid afternoon Wednesday. It
    appears that the onset of more rapid deepening may commence as early
    as late afternoon near/west through north of Lake Superior, before
    continuing northeastward toward James Bay. This likely will be
    accompanied by strengthening deep layer mean flow across much of the
    Upper Midwest, including 40-50 kt southwesterly flow at 850 mb,
    across northeastern Iowa through Wisconsin and the upper Great Lakes
    region by early evening.

    The northward advection of seasonably high moisture content
    (including surface dew points in the upper 60s to near 70f) along
    the low-level jet, coupled with a narrow zone of stronger
    pre-frontal surface heating, is forecast to contribute to a corridor
    of moderate boundary layer destabilization (CAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg)
    by late afternoon. This environment is expected to support the
    initiation of thunderstorm development. The southern fringe of
    stronger mid-level forcing for ascent may spread across central
    Minnesota through northern Wisconsin by early evening, but
    scattered, initially discrete storm development seems probable at
    least as far south as northeastern Iowa, near/shortly after peak
    heating, when supercells accompanied by a risk for tornadoes appear
    most likely. Some upscale convective growth, accompanied by a risk
    for damaging wind gusts, is possible into the evening hours,
    spreading eastward and southeastward ahead of the front across the
    Upper Midwest, with scattered strong to severe storms possible along
    the instability axis as far southwest as the mid/lower Missouri
    Valley.

    ...Southwest...
    A belt of strong cyclonic mid/upper flow, to the south and east of
    the inland migrating upper trough, is expected to overspread the
    lower Colorado Valley vicinity by late Wednesday afternoon,
    contributing to strong deep layer shear. In the presence of a
    residually moist boundary layer, it appears that this may coincide
    with sufficient daytime heating to contribute to an environment
    supportive of at least isolated severe storms. This may include the
    risk for a supercell or two, before convection wanes Wednesday
    evening.

    ..Kerr.. 10/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 02, 2018 07:04:10
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    ------------=_1538463855-1955-5716
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Tue Oct 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Thursday through Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    The center of a broad and deep cyclone is forecast to progress
    eastward across northern Quebec, toward the Labrador Sea during this
    period. While the trailing cold front advances across much of the
    Northeast, it appears likely to become quasi-stationary across the
    Ohio and middle Mississippi Valleys. This is expected as mid-level
    subtropical ridging, extending along an axis across the lower Rio
    Grande Valley through the northern Mid Atlantic Coast region,
    remains prominent.

    At the same time, general troughiness, within a couple of branches
    of westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific, appears
    likely to continue to develop inland across the intermountain west
    and Rockies. This may include a number of embedded short waves,
    which models suggest will remain largely out of phase. One impulse,
    initially over the Southwest at the outset of the period, is
    forecast to accelerate northeastward across the Wyoming/Colorado
    Rockies and middle Missouri Valley by late Thursday night. As it
    does, models indicate that its amplitude will diminish and it may
    become increasingly sheared. In its wake, there may be at least
    some southeastward advancement of the surface front across the
    central Plains.

    A moist return flow around the subtropical ridging is expected to
    continue, in an arcing plume across the southern and central Plains
    through the middle Mississippi and Ohio Valleys (generally north of
    the Ohio River). Associated instability may support considerable
    thunderstorm development, mostly where aided by forcing for ascent
    associated with warm advection, above/to the cool side of the front
    across parts of eastern Kansas and southeastern Nebraska through
    northern Missouri/southern Iowa and northern Illinois. With persistent/widespread convection along this corridor tending to
    result in weak lapse rates, any risk for severe hail currently seems negligible.

    ..Kerr.. 10/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 03, 2018 07:21:15
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    ------------=_1538551278-1955-6279
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Wed Oct 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY AFTERNOON
    AND EVENING IN A CORRIDOR ACROSS THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO PORTIONS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact a corridor from the central Plains
    into portions of the Upper Midwest Friday afternoon and evening,
    accompanied by at least some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Subtropical ridging centered over the south Atlantic Coast states
    appears likely to remain a prominent influence across much of the
    southeastern U.S. Friday through Friday night. At the same time,
    general large-scale troughing, within a couple of branches of
    westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific, appears likely
    to persist across much of the Intermountain West, Rockies and
    northern Plains. This may develop eastward through the Upper
    Midwest/Great Lakes region by the end of the period, as at least one significant embedded short wave trough accelerates east
    northeastward out of the northern Rockies. Additionally, models
    continue to indicate considerable further amplification of mid/upper
    ridging over the eastern Pacific, with a strong northwesterly jet
    beginning to dig downstream, across the Pacific coast.

    ...Central Plains into Upper Midwest...
    Mid-level forcing for ascent associated with the short wave
    accelerating east/northeast of the Rockies will tend to lag to the west/northwest of an initially quasi-stationary frontal zone across
    parts of the middle Mississippi Valley into central Plains.
    Differences exist among the various models concerning the placement
    of this front, on the leading edge of the shallow intrusion of cool
    air across the central Plains, which may be reinforced by
    rain-cooled air. Furthermore, most guidance appears to suggest that
    primary frontal wave development associated with the short wave
    trough will remain rather modest to weak, across parts of the
    mid/lower Missouri Valley into the Upper Midwest late Friday into
    Friday night.

    However, there appears at least a window of opportunity for a
    developing band of thunderstorms, along or perhaps just ahead of the
    front Friday afternoon and evening. With a corridor of moderately
    large mixed-layer CAPE (1000+ J/kg) possible along the front by
    late Friday afternoon (largely due to seasonably high boundary layer
    moisture content, despite weak mid-level lapse rates), convection
    may become fairly vigorous. Embedded within 30-50 kt southwesterly
    flow in the 850-500 mb layer, organizing convection accompanied by
    at least a risk for damaging wind gusts may be possible into Friday
    evening.

    ..Kerr.. 10/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 04, 2018 07:23:50
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538637836-1955-6882
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Thu Oct 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY INTO
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE LOWER GREAT LAKES...AS WELL AS
    PORTIONS OF THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the lower Great Lakes
    Saturday, and parts of the southern High Plains late Saturday
    afternoon into Saturday night, accompanied by at least some risk for
    severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Downstream of amplified mid/upper ridging within the mid-latitude
    westerlies over the eastern Pacific, a strong north/northwesterly
    digging jet appears likely to contribute to further amplification of larger-scale troughing over the Intermountain West and Rockies
    Saturday through Saturday night. A leading short wave impulse
    within this regime may gradually pivot across the southern Great
    Basin into southern Rockies, while another digs inland of the
    Pacific coast.

    One or two preceding perturbations may progress northeastward
    through the southern/central Plains, before weakening in the
    presence of mid/upper ridging building across the Missouri Valley
    toward the Great Lakes region, in the wake of a short wave trough
    accelerating northeast of the Great Lakes. This is expected to
    occur on the northwestern periphery of a lingering prominent
    subtropical high centered near the southern Mid Atlantic Coast
    region.

    A weak surface frontal wave will accompany the upper impulse, with
    the trailing frontal zone becoming quasi-stationary across southern
    portions of the Great Lakes region through the middle Mississippi
    Valley into the southern High Plains.

    A moist low-level return flow around the western/northern periphery
    of the subtropical ridge may support considerable convection and
    embedded thunderstorm activity during this period, though it appears
    much of this will be focused to cool side of the frontal zone.

    ...Lower Great Lakes region...
    As the weak surface low migrates across lower Michigan into Ontario
    during the day Saturday, there appears a window of opportunity for
    weak to moderate boundary layer destabilization in the warm sector,
    across lower Michigan and adjacent portions of northern Indiana and
    Ohio into the lee of Lake Erie. Instability may become sufficient,
    in the presence of favorable shear associated with 30-50 kt flow in
    the 850-500 mb layer, to support organized vigorous thunderstorm
    activity, some of which may become capable of producing marginally
    severe hail and locally strong surface gusts.

    ...West Texas and southeast New Mexico...
    Models indicate that moderately large CAPE will develop south of the
    front with daytime heating, across the Davis Mountains area and
    Pecos Valley, perhaps northeastward into the Big Country. In the
    presence of cyclonic mid/upper flow and at least modest deep layer
    shear, this may support isolated to widely scattered storms capable
    of producing severe hail and strong surface gusts.

    The front could provide a focus for more widespread thunderstorm
    development across parts of the South Plains into the Big Country,
    but it remains unclear whether this will occur in association with
    boundary layer destabilization near/south of the front during the
    late afternoon. More likely this may occur in response to lift
    associated with warm advection, above/to the cool side of the front,
    as a southerly low-level jet develops/strengthens Saturday evening,
    with marginally severe hail the primary potential hazard.

    ..Kerr.. 10/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, October 05, 2018 06:44:57
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    ------------=_1538721901-25255-342
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050644
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050643

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0143 AM CDT Fri Oct 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms, a few possibly severe, are expected to
    develop across the southern High Plains Sunday.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Strong mid-level jet is forecast to dig southeast into northern
    Mexico which will allow heights to fall across the southwest desert
    region. While this feature is not expected to eject into the
    southern Plains during the day3 period, the leading edge of height
    falls should spread into NM during the overnight hours. With a
    dominant upper ridge forecast to hold across the southern Middle
    Atlantic, large-scale trajectories will remain favorably moist
    across the western Gulf Basin into the southern High Plains region.
    Latest guidance suggests a synoptic front will stall across OK into
    the TX South Plains early in the period, then retreat north into the
    TX Panhandle during the overnight hours. Given the lack of height
    falls across the southern Plains it appears much of the convection
    will be due to warm advection and along the cool side of the front.
    LLJ is expected to focus across west TX into KS through the period
    and this should aid a broad zone of storms from northwest TX into
    eastern KS through the period. While a few surface-based storms can
    not be ruled out along the I-44 corridor over OK, stronger heating
    farther west into eastern NM should contribute to substantial
    buoyancy where upslope flow is anticipated. Moisture is expected to
    advect into eastern NM during the latter half of the period as upper
    system begins to influence this region late. Convection that
    develops within this upslope regime after dark will be strongly
    sheared with adequate buoyancy for supercells. Have shifted 15%
    severe probs farther west into NM to account for the more westward
    moisture surge where ascent should be maximized.

    ..Darrow.. 10/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, October 06, 2018 06:49:03
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060648
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060647

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0147 AM CDT Sat Oct 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Multiple rounds of thunderstorms are expected to develop across the
    southern and central Plains during the day3 period. Some of this
    convection may be severe.

    ...Southern/Central Plains...

    Strong mid-level flow is forecast to round the base of the western
    US trough then translate into the TX Panhandle during the latter
    half of the period. A notable short-wave trough will eject into this
    region by 09/12z. Prior to the short wave, a nearly stationary
    frontal zone will extend across central KS into northeast NM. This
    boundary will serve as the demarcation between surface-based
    convection and widespread elevated storms north of the wind shift.

    Latest guidance suggests numerous showers/thunderstorms will be
    ongoing along an arcing corridor from the TX South Plains, across
    central KS into southern MN. This activity will be strongly
    modulated by a semi-persistent LLJ that will enhance low-level warm
    advection along/north of the frontal zone. Forecast soundings for
    this convection exhibit poor mid-level lapse rates but adequate
    deep-layer shear for convective organization. However, buoyancy will
    be somewhat limited within this zone of extensive precipitation. Of
    more concern will be the potential for at least partial heating
    across the southern High Plains. This may allow for a bit more
    destabilization from the TX Panhandle into the Big Bend region.
    Shear profiles will become increasingly supportive of supercells and
    surface parcels should readily convect ahead of the short wave
    along/ahead of surging cold front. Numerous thunderstorms are
    expected across the southern High Plains and moisture/shear will
    likely be more than sufficient for the potential for damaging winds,
    some hail, and perhaps a few tornadoes.

    ..Darrow.. 10/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 07, 2018 06:40:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538894442-25255-1220
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070640
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070639

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0139 AM CDT Sun Oct 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM TX TO WI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Significant frontal convection is expected Tuesday from Texas to
    Wisconsin. Some severe threat exists with the strongest storms.

    ...Southern Plains to Upper Midwest...

    A significant short-wave trough will eject across NM into the
    southern Plains during the day3 period as broader troughing holds
    across the western US. This feature is expected to aid a significant
    amount of convection from TX to the upper Midwest as large-scale
    forcing encourages frontal storms. High-PW air mass has yet to be
    displaced across this region and latest model guidance suggest ample
    buoyancy will exist for potential robust updrafts. Thunderstorms
    will be ongoing at the beginning of the period along the front as
    minimal CINH and low-level convergence along the boundary should
    encourage a squall line, especially given the added support of the
    ejecting short wave. Forecast soundings exhibit substantial
    deep-layer shear and veering with height, supportive of possible
    supercells. However, storm mode will likely be linear in nature and
    damaging winds may be the greatest risk with this convection.
    Convection should advance into the mid MS Valley, trailing into
    south-central TX along the front by 10/12z.

    ..Darrow.. 10/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 08, 2018 05:38:13
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1538977096-25255-1630
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080538
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080537

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 AM CDT Mon Oct 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ALONG THE
    NORTHEAST GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous showers and thunderstorms are expected across much of the
    country east of the Mississippi River. A few severe storms may
    develop along the northeast Gulf Coast in association with Tropical
    Cyclone Michael.

    ...Tropical Cyclone Michael...

    Tropical Storm Michael is expected to intensify over the eastern
    Gulf of Mexico over the next few days. This cyclone is forecast to
    approach the FL Big Bend region later Wednesday then move inland as
    it encounters influence of upstream trough. Have introduced 5%
    severe probs to account for increasing tornado risk along/east of
    expected land fall. Reference http://nhc.noaa.gov for more details
    regarding Michael.

    ...Upper Midwest/Great Lakes...

    Strong short-wave trough is expected to eject across the upper
    Midwest into the Great Lakes region during the first half of the
    period. This feature should encourage convection along/ahead of a
    cold front that will surge into lower MI by 11/00z. Although
    forecast shear profiles will easily support organized convection,
    poor lapse rates and weak buoyancy may not prove conducive for
    severe. Will maintain less than 5% severe probs across this region
    unless it becomes more clear adequate buoyancy will exist for robust
    updrafts.

    ..Darrow.. 10/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 22, 2018 06:38:08
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540190291-25255-7701
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220638
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220637

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0137 AM CDT Mon Oct 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Only isolated, weak thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday from
    southeast Texas across coastal Louisiana.

    ...Synopsis...
    High pressure will remain centered across the Great Lake and Midwest
    behind a slow-moving amplified upper trough across the Northeast.
    Little instability will be present to support thunderstorms over
    most of the CONUS as a result of mainly offshore flow over the Gulf
    of Mexico and Mid Atlantic. The greatest threat for a few
    thunderstorms will be across the northwestern Gulf, where a surface
    low will form in response to a weak wave moving out of TX. Warm
    advection just off the surface may result in sufficient elevated
    instability for lightning from far southeast TX during the day
    toward coastal LA overnight.

    Elsewhere, a lightning strike or two cannot be ruled out over the
    mountains of northern NM into central CO where heating may lead to
    minimal instability, but coverage is currently expected to be less
    than 10%.

    ..Jewell.. 10/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 23, 2018 07:12:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540278737-25255-8000
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230712
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CDT Tue Oct 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected along the central/eastern Gulf
    Coast on Thursday, but severe weather is not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    Weakly cyclonic flow aloft will overspread areas from the central
    Gulf Coast eastward on Thursday. A weak/low-amplitude impulse will
    initially cross the region during the day, and an initial surge of
    warm-air advection may yield enough elevated buoyancy for a few
    thunderstorms from southeastern Louisiana to the western Florida
    Panhandle. Behind this initial impulse, a secondary, more amplified
    shortwave trough will approach the southeastern US Thursday night. Strengthening southwesterly 850mb flow and isentropic ascent may
    yield isolated thunderstorms farther east across the Florida
    Peninsula and portions of southern Georgia.

    Through the period, expansive precipitation across inland areas and
    a lack of stronger large-scale ascent near the coast should preclude significant poleward return of surface theta-e, limiting
    surface-based destabilization. In turn, severe weather is not
    forecast, despite strengthening wind fields.

    ..Picca.. 10/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 10, 2018 05:15:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539148554-25255-2929
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100515
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100515

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1215 AM CDT Wed Oct 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WEST
    TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms may develop across parts of west Texas Friday evening/overnight.

    ...West TX...

    Remnants of Tropical Storm Sergio are forecast to move across the
    central Baja Peninsula into northern Mexico late Friday. Favorably
    moist trajectories will allow buoyancy to increase during the day
    across parts of West TX where short-wave ridging is expected to
    suppress convection through late afternoon. In the absence of
    large-scale ascent across this region, modest boundary-layer heating
    and orographic influences may allow isolated thunderstorms to evolve
    across the Big Bend region. However, stronger forcing related to TC
    Sergio, should spread into West TX during the overnight hours and
    this should enhance the prospect for more organized convection. With
    LLJ forecast to increase a bit into this region vertical shear
    profiles will become favorable for organized rotating updrafts. For
    these reasons have introduced 5% severe to account for supercells
    primarily after dark.

    ..Darrow.. 10/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 17, 2018 05:24:27
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170524
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170523

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1223 AM CDT Wed Oct 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple weak thunderstorms are possible Friday night across parts
    of the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough will move from the central Plains
    toward the OH Valley as a stronger shortwave trough dives
    southeastward across the northern Plains and upper MS Valley. As
    this occurs, lift will increase along a cold front, with scattered
    showers reaching a WV to TN to northern MS line by 12Z Saturday.
    Little if any instability will be present along the length of the
    front, with the greatest chance of a few lightning strikes across
    northern LA and MS in proximity to weak low-level warm advection off
    the Gulf of Mexico.

    ..Jewell.. 10/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 24, 2018 07:14:42
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    ------------=_1540365286-25255-8292
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Wed Oct 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    FLORIDA TO PARTS OF THE COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms, generally capable of locally damaging winds,
    may be possible from parts of northern Florida to the coastal
    Carolinas Friday.

    ...Southeast US...
    A mid/upper trough will amplify across the Mississippi Valley
    Friday, in response to a shortwave impulse digging southeast across
    northern Mexico through the period. As it does so, the broader
    trough will slowly advance east, with heights gradually falling over
    the southeastern US. Associated forcing for ascent should support a
    surface cyclone lifting east/northeast from southern Alabama/Georgia
    to the coastal Carolinas through Friday night.

    Trailing to the south/southwest of this low, a cold front will sweep
    east across northern Florida through the morning/afternoon hours.
    Although veered surface flow and only weak/modest surface-based CAPE
    may limit deep convection some, robust southwesterly 850-700mb flow
    of 30-40 kt may support a couple of locally damaging gusts through
    the afternoon. To the northeast, the track of the low will determine
    how much inland destabilization occurs along the Atlantic Coast.
    Multi-model trends suggest some potential for the low to track just
    inland, yielding enough destabilization and favorable wind profiles
    for a marginal wind/tornado threat along the coast as it lifts
    northeast Friday.

    ..Picca.. 10/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 11, 2018 06:53:26
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110653
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110652

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CDT Thu Oct 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHWEST
    AND SOUTH-CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across
    southwest and south-central Texas Saturday.

    ...TX...

    Remnants of TC Sergio will deamplify and eject across TX during the
    day3 period. This feature is expected to enhance LLJ over
    north-central TX early Saturday which will aid widespread convection
    along the I-20 corridor. Much of this activity will be elevated in
    nature and driven by low-level warm advection. Forecast soundings do
    not exhibit appreciable buoyancy with this convection and the severe
    risk should be low with storms rooted above the boundary layer.

    However, boundary layer is expected to warm across the Concho Valley
    region of southwest TX but this will likely occur in the wake of the
    ejecting short wave. While large-scale forcing for ascent should
    shift east of this region, strong thunderstorms may ultimately
    evolve across southwest and south-central TX as a pronounced front
    surges into this part of the state. Deep-layer shear will be more
    than adequate for sustaining updrafts and a MRGL Risk has been
    introduced to account for this threat.

    ..Darrow.. 10/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 18, 2018 05:06:03
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180505
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180505

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1205 AM CDT Thu Oct 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible Saturday evening from northwest
    Arizona into southern Nevada and Utah, along the northern Gulf
    Coast, and in the vicinity of Lakes Erie and Ontario.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strongly cyclonic 100-140 kt mid to upper level jet will dive
    southeastward across the Midwest and toward the Ohio Valley during
    the day, with substantial cooling aloft across the Great Lakes. Cold
    air aloft coupled with the relatively warm lakes may result in
    low-topped thunderstorms from northeast Ohio into western New York
    during the afternoon and evening.

    To the south, an east-west oriented front will continue to push
    south toward the northern Gulf Coast, where 65-70 F dewpoints will
    exist supporting a few weak thunderstorms prior to the front moving
    offshore.

    To the west, a weak upper low will approach coastal central
    California, with steep lapse rates aloft extending eastward toward
    the Colorado river valley. Midlevel moisture will spread northwest
    across Arizona and into the Great Basin during the evening, with
    scattered thunderstorms expected. Small hail cannot be ruled out
    with some of the cells due to cold air aloft and modest deep-layer
    shear, but severe weather is not anticipated.

    ..Jewell.. 10/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, October 12, 2018 07:26:01
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Fri Oct 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF
    CENTRAL TX AND SOUTHWARD TO THE RIO GRANDE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms are possible across much of central Texas and
    toward the middle Rio Grande Valley.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A broad expanse of southwesterly flow aloft will extend from the
    southern Plains into the Northeast, with a positive tilt trough axis
    extending from AZ to the upper Great Lakes. A large area of high
    pressure will surge south across much of the West and Great Plains,
    with a leading cold front into central TX by 00Z. Ahead of this
    front, substantial moisture will exist across TX, supporting
    destabilization with up to 2000 j/kg MUCAPE. While the surging front
    will eventually undercut much of the daytime activity, there may be
    a window for severe storms capable wind and hail. Given the
    potential for a narrow zone of severe threat, and predictability
    issues with the frontal position, will defer any upgrade to later
    outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 10/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, October 13, 2018 06:40:36
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    ------------=_1539412841-25255-5183
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130640
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130639

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0139 AM CDT Sat Oct 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms are possible across far southern Texas on
    Monday, but severe weather is not expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A confluent flow regime aloft will exist over the central U.S. with
    northwest flow over the northern Plains and an upper low across the
    Southwest. At the surface, a sprawling high will provide stable
    conditions across most of the West and Great Plains, as a cold front
    continues southward across TX. Low-level moisture and instability
    will favor scattered thunderstorms ahead of this front, mainly from
    south TX toward the lower MS Valley. Heating ahead of the front over
    deep south TX will maximize instability prior to afternoon frontal
    passage, but shear profiles do not appear conducive to severe
    storms.

    Elsewhere, moist and unstable conditions will also exist over LA,
    near a stalled portion of the boundary, but shear profiles will
    remain weak, with relatively warm temperatures aloft.

    ..Jewell.. 10/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 14, 2018 04:24:13
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    ------------=_1539491055-25255-5545
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140424
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140423

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1123 PM CDT Sat Oct 13 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Only general thunderstorms are expected from Texas eastward to the
    Carolinas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large area of cyclonic flow aloft will extend from eastern Canada
    across much of the Northeast, with the base of the upper trough
    situated across the Mid Atlantic. Here, moderate westerly flow aloft
    will exist, along with a moist air mass ahead of a front extending
    from southern NC across northern GA and into LA during the day. Weak instability along with the slow-moving front will likely provide a
    focus for a few thunderstorms during the afternoon, but poor lapse
    rates aloft, marginal shear, and weak low-level winds will likely
    only support non-severe storms.

    To the west, a large area of high pressure will maintain stable
    boundary layer conditions from the West into the Plains, but weak
    elevated instability will still support showers and a few
    thunderstorms across central and eastern TX.

    ..Jewell.. 10/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 21, 2018 05:45:31
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    ------------=_1540100734-25255-7359
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210545
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210544

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1244 AM CDT Sun Oct 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected from eastern Arizona and New
    Mexico northward into central Idaho on Tuesday. Lake effect showers
    may also produce lightning in the vicinity of Lake Ontario.

    ...Synopsis...
    Weak cyclonic flow and cool temperatures aloft will overspread much
    of the West, resulting in sufficiently steep lapse rates aloft to
    support afternoon thunderstorms. Elevated 700 mb humidity levels
    will stretch from northern Mexico and TX across the Four Corners
    states and into central ID, supporting scattered daytime
    thunderstorms over the higher terrain. Due to weak instability and a
    lack of appreciable shear, severe weather is not expected, though
    stronger MUCAPE values to around 1000 j/kg may support strong storms
    over AZ.

    Elsewhere, a deep upper trough with 500 mb temperatures around -30 C
    will progress across the Northeast, with a low deepening over the
    Canadian Maritimes toward Wednesday morning. Weak instability
    associated with Lake Ontario may support a few low-topped
    thunderstorms across northern NY during the late afternoon, possibly
    producing very small hail.

    ..Jewell.. 10/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 15, 2018 06:34:48
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150634
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150633

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0133 AM CDT Mon Oct 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated convective showers and a few thunderstorms are possible
    over Florida on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    As a strong upper trough moves across the northeastern states, a
    large area of high pressure will move from the central Plains toward
    the OH Valley, providing offshore surface winds across the Gulf and
    Atlantic coasts. A front will settle southward across northern FL
    and the northern Gulf coast, with weak instability forecast across
    FL coincident with daytime heating. Temperatures aloft will be warm
    there due to the upper ridge, but weak surface convergence may
    result in a few deepening convective showers, with a few producing
    lightning.

    Elsewhere, an upper low will meander across AZ and UT, but little if
    any instability will be present to support thunderstorm activity.

    ..Jewell.. 10/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 09, 2018 05:48:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1539064100-25255-2226
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090548
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090547

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1247 AM CDT Tue Oct 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS COASTAL
    CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Tornado threat is expected to spread across coastal Carolina
    Thursday in association with the remnants of Hurricane Michael.

    ...Carolinas...

    Hurricane Michael is expected to make landfall along the FL
    Panhandle Wednesday morning then eject quickly northeast toward SC
    by the start of the day3 period. This evolution is expected to prove
    favorable for high theta-e air mass to spread inland along the
    southeast coast ahead of the cyclone. Given the quickly ejecting
    storm, downstream mass response along the Carolina Coast is expected
    to aid supercell development within strongly sheared environment.
    Have introduced SLGT Risk for tornadoes ahead of the ejecting low
    but finer mesoscale details that may influence probabilities may not
    be known until the day1 period.

    ..Darrow.. 10/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 16, 2018 04:29:52
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160429
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160429

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 PM CDT Mon Oct 15 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few showers and isolated thunderstorms are possible across parts
    of Florida on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper ridge will remain centered over the Gulf of Mexico as an
    upper trough exits the Northeast and a shortwave trough moves into
    the central Plains. At the surface, cool and stable conditions will
    prevail over much of the CONUS with high pressure centered over the
    Mid Atlantic and over the Rockies. Easterly surface winds around the
    high will maintain a moist boundary layer across FL and the Gulf of
    Mexico, with only weak instability across the FL Peninsula. This
    may support a few showers and isolated thunderstorms during the
    afternoon, but severe weather is unlikely beneath the upper ridge.

    To the west, weak warm advection above the stable boundary layer
    will lead to increasing coverage of rain across TX. Very weak
    elevated instability is possible, and a sporadic lightning strike
    cannot be ruled out. However, the threat of thunderstorms is too low
    for even a 10% general thunder delineation.

    ..Jewell.. 10/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, October 25, 2018 06:32:17
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250632
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250631

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0131 AM CDT Thu Oct 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few storms are possible on Saturday across southeastern New
    England and south Florida, but severe weather appears unlikely at
    this time.

    ...Discussion...
    A series of mid-level shortwave impulses will establish expansive
    cyclonic flow across the eastern half of the country Saturday. In
    turn, most regions will be dominated by relatively dry/stable
    low-level conditions, relegating thunderstorm activity to two small
    areas. The first will exist across southeastern New England, where
    strong warm-advection and steepening lapse rates aloft (in
    association with a coastal low) may promote isolated thunderstorms. Strengthening flow atop a fairly shallow surface stable layer may
    support gusty winds in any deep convection across far southeast
    Massachusetts late Saturday. However, such a threat currently
    appears too limited/conditional for severe probabilities.

    A few thunderstorms may also be possible across south Florida, near
    a front trailing south/southwest from the aforementioned low. In
    combination with local sea breezes, the front may provide enough
    low-level confluence for isolated thunderstorm activity, despite
    only modest, somewhat thin buoyancy profiles.

    ..Picca.. 10/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, October 26, 2018 06:51:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540536717-25255-8783
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260651
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260650

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CDT Fri Oct 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible near the Pacific Northwest
    coast on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    A pair of troughs will be situated over the contiguous US on Sunday
    -- one across much of the eastern half of the country and another
    spreading inland across the Pacific Northwest. Associated with the
    latter trough, cold mid-level temperatures (around -25 to -30 C at
    500 mb) will move overhead the coastline during the morning.
    Steepening mid-level lapse rates and sufficient surface moisture
    should yield adequately deep parcel buoyancy for a few stronger
    updrafts during the day. In turn, a few thunderstorms seem possible
    near the coast.

    Farther east, a focused impulse will drop southeast across the Ohio
    Valley through the day. Cooling temperatures aloft and favorable
    large-scale ascent from southern Michigan to the Ohio Valley will
    likely support at least shallow convection through the
    afternoon/evening. However, while a couple of updrafts may deepen
    sufficiently for lightning, this potential seems too
    unfocused/uncertain for a general thunder area at this time.

    ..Picca.. 10/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, October 27, 2018 07:14:57
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    ------------=_1540624502-25255-8987
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Sat Oct 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The potential for thunderstorms appears low across the contiguous US
    on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    A relatively progressive mid/upper pattern will persist across the
    country Monday. A strong westerly upper-level jet will transition
    over the northern/central Rockies through Monday night, while a
    downstream ridge advances east across the Mississippi Valley and an
    amplified trough slowly moves east towards the Canadian Maritimes.
    In the wake of this trough, a surface high will build east towards
    the Mid-Atlantic; meanwhile, southerly flow to its west will
    transport increasing boundary-layer moisture northward across the southern/central Plains. However, any substantive large-scale
    forcing for ascent will likely be confined to northern-tier states
    (in association with the pertinent aforementioned features) and
    generally removed from lapse rates and buoyancy favorable for deep
    convection. As such, while shallow convective elements may be
    possible across parts of the country, the potential for
    thunderstorms appears low on Monday.

    ..Picca.. 10/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, October 28, 2018 06:55:02
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    ------------=_1540709705-25255-9357
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280654
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280653

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CDT Sun Oct 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible Tuesday from the southern Plains into the
    Midwest. Severe storms are not currently expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Medium-range guidance suggest the upper pattern will amplify on
    Tuesday as a shortwave trough moving through the western Great Basin
    continues southeastward through the Southwest. Progression of this
    shortwave coupled with the evolution of another shortwave trough
    expected to move southeastward through central Manitoba into
    northwestern Ontario will result in relatively broad and deep mean
    troughing from the southern Hudson Bay into northern Mexico.

    At the surface, a cold front will likely extend from southern IA
    southwestward into the southern TX Panhandle at 12Z Tuesday. Gradual eastward/southeastward progression of this front is anticipated
    throughout the day with deep southerly flow ahead of it contributing
    to poleward moisture advection and modest air mass destabilization.
    As a result, isolated thunderstorms are possible near the front. Any
    storms over the Midwest will likely be elevated with an increasing
    likelihood for surface-based storms southward along the boundary
    into central/far west TX. Shear supports organized storms but meager instability and boundary-parallel shear vectors suggest a
    predominately multicell mode with limited updraft organization.

    ..Mosier.. 10/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 29, 2018 06:44:10
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    ------------=_1540795455-25255-9625
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290644
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290643

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0143 AM CDT Mon Oct 29 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    EAST AND SOUTHEAST TX AND FAR WESTERN LA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Wednesday afternoon and evening
    across portions of east and southeast Texas and far western
    Louisiana.

    ...Southern Plains/Lower MS Valley...
    Deep upper troughing will likely be in place across much of CONUS at
    the beginning of the period (i.e. 12Z Wednesday). Shortwave trough
    embedded within the southern portion of this parent upper trough is
    expected to pivot through the southern Plains and into the Lower MS
    Valley while strengthening and obtaining a more neutral tilt.
    Southern portion of a cold front initially extending from western OH southwestward into the TX South Plains will remain largely
    stationary through the early afternoon before then surging
    southeastward in response to the approaching shortwave trough.

    Air mass ahead of surging cold front is expected to be moist and at
    least moderately unstable. Strengthening vertical shear profiles
    amidst this instability will result in an environment supportive of
    severe thunderstorms. While some discrete, warm-sector development
    is possible, the linear forcing along the front and strong forcing
    for ascent associated with the shortwave will likely result in a
    predominately linear mode. Development of a well-organized
    convective line is possible. Time frame for the stronger storms
    appears to be from 21Z to 03Z. Thereafter, displacement between the
    surging surface front and the shortwave trough suggests a greater
    potential for undercutting, leading to a lower potential for severe
    storms farther east across central/eastern LA and western MS.

    ..Mosier.. 10/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, October 29, 2018 18:46:40
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540838801-25255-9752
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    ACUS03 KWNS 291846
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291845

    Day 3 Convective Outlook AMEND 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 PM CDT Mon Oct 29 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EAST TEXAS TO
    THE LOWER MS VALLEY...

    AMENDED FOR EASTWARD EXPANSION OF SLIGHT RISK

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Wednesday afternoon into Wednesday
    night from parts of east Texas to the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Amendment Update...
    Slight-risk probabilities have been expanded eastward to Mississippi
    to account for an overnight potential of a couple of tornadoes
    and/or isolated damaging gusts. As the primary shortwave trough over
    Texas transitions towards a neutral tilt Wednesday night,
    strengthening 850mb flow across the lower Mississippi Valley should
    foster deepening cells merging with a broken line of convection
    moving east across Louisiana. Weak, but adequate low-level buoyancy
    will overlap ample 0-1km shear, sufficient for a couple of
    line-embedded tornadoes and damaging gusts from late Wednesday
    evening towards daybreak Thursday.

    The previous outlook discussion is below.

    ...Southern Plains/Lower MS Valley...
    Deep upper troughing will likely be in place across much of CONUS at
    the beginning of the period (i.e. 12Z Wednesday). Shortwave trough
    embedded within the southern portion of this parent upper trough is
    expected to pivot through the southern Plains and into the Lower MS
    Valley while strengthening and obtaining a more neutral tilt.
    Southern portion of a cold front initially extending from western OH southwestward into the TX South Plains will remain largely
    stationary through the early afternoon before then surging
    southeastward in response to the approaching shortwave trough.

    Air mass ahead of surging cold front is expected to be moist and at
    least moderately unstable. Strengthening vertical shear profiles
    amidst this instability will result in an environment supportive of
    severe thunderstorms. While some discrete, warm-sector development
    is possible, the linear forcing along the front and strong forcing
    for ascent associated with the shortwave will likely result in a
    predominately linear mode. Development of a well-organized
    convective line is possible. Time frame for the stronger storms
    appears to be from 21Z to 03Z. Thereafter, displacement between the
    surging surface front and the shortwave trough suggests a greater
    potential for undercutting, leading to a lower potential for severe
    storms farther east across central/eastern LA and western MS.

    ..Picca.. 10/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, October 30, 2018 07:08:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1540883324-25255-9858
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Tue Oct 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST STATES...FLORIDA PANHANDLE AND SOUTHWESTERN
    GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A line of thunderstorms associated with wind damage, hail and
    possibly a tornado or two will be possible on Thursday from parts of
    southeast Louisiana and southern Mississippi eastward across parts
    of Alabama, the Florida Panhandle and southwestern Georgia.

    ...Gulf Coast States/Carolinas...
    An upper-level trough and an associated cold front will move
    eastward across the eastern portion of the southern Plains and into
    the lower Mississippi Valley on Thursday. A moist airmass,
    potentially with moderate instability, should be in place ahead of
    the front along the central Gulf Coast. A line of thunderstorms is
    forecast to be ongoing along the front at the start of the period
    from southeast Louisiana into central Mississippi. This line is
    forecast to move eastward across Alabama, western Florida and into
    southwest Georgia during the morning and afternoon. Although weak
    instability is forecast northeastward across the Carolinas, some
    convection will also be possible along the front aided by strong
    large-scale ascent during the evening and overnight period.

    Forecast soundings across the warm sector show the strongest
    instability Thursday morning from New Orleans eastward to Mobile.
    The NAM and GFS are forecasting MLCAPE values along this corridor in
    the 1000 to 1500 J/kg range. In addition, moderate deep-layer shear
    should be in place with 30 to 40 kt of south-southwest flow in the
    lowest 2 km AGL. This should be favorable for wind damage as a line
    of storms moves eastward across the central Gulf Coast States during
    the day. A tornado or two will also be possible with rotating cells
    embedded in the line due to strong low-level shear. In spite of
    instability weakening with northward extent, an isolated wind-damage
    threat will be possible across parts of south-central Alabama and
    southwestern Georgia where low-level flow is forecast to be
    maximized.

    As the upper-level trough moves across the Mississippi Valley
    Thursday night, warm advection will take place in the Carolinas.
    Forecasts suggest that an axis of instability will develop after
    midnight from eastern South Carolina into eastern North Carolina.
    For this reason, convection that can develop in the Carolinas along
    or ahead of the front, could have a marginal wind-damage threat
    mainly after midnight.

    ..Broyles.. 10/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, October 31, 2018 07:03:47
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    ------------=_1540969438-25255-10093
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310703
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Wed Oct 31 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE EAST COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal wind-damage threat will be
    possible across parts of the East Coast states on Friday.

    ...East Coast States...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    Mississippi Valley on Friday as a cold front advances eastward into
    the Atlantic Coastal Plains. A moist airmass should be in place
    ahead of the front with surface dewpoints from eastern Georgia into
    the eastern Carolinas in the mid to upper 60s F. In response,
    several areas of weak instability are forecast to develop along this
    corridor during the late morning and afternoon with thunderstorm
    development taking place along pre-frontal confluence zones. NAM
    forecast sounding at 18Z on Friday from eastern South Carolina into
    eastern North Carolina show SBCAPE values generally from 500 to 1000
    J/kg with 0-6 km shear around 50 kt. This may be enough for
    marginally severe wind gusts with the faster moving cells during the
    late morning and early afternoon. The same general environment is
    forecast to extend south-southwestward into northern Florida where a
    marginal wind-damage threat will also be possible during the day.

    ..Broyles.. 10/31/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 01, 2018 07:01:25
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    ------------=_1541055689-25255-10503
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Thu Nov 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across parts of central and south
    Florida on Saturday.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move northeastward into New England on
    Saturday as a cold front advances eastward away from the Atlantic
    Seaboard. A few thunderstorms will be possible along the southern
    end of the front in central and southern Florida during the day.
    Otherwise, surface high pressure will be in place across the eastern
    third of the nation. This combined with limited moisture return in
    the southern Plains will limit thunderstorm development across the
    CONUS Saturday and Saturday night.

    ..Broyles.. 11/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 02, 2018 07:31:26
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541143894-25255-11024
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Nov 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms may occur from east Texas to the Gulf coastal states
    Sunday.

    ...East Texas through the Gulf Coast region...

    A broad upper trough will dominate the country Sunday. Embedded
    within this large-scale feature, a shortwave trough will move from
    the central/southern Plains early in the period, east northeast
    through the TN and OH Valleys Sunday night. Accompanying surface low
    will occlude as it lifts north into the upper Great Lakes region,
    with trailing front likely to stall from near west TN to coastal TX.
    Meanwhile, a warm front over the northern Gulf will approach the
    coast late Sunday night. A band of showers with a few embedded
    thunderstorms will likely be ongoing from the lower MS Valley into
    southeast TX. This activity will continue east into a portion of the
    Gulf Coast States before weakening during the day. Additional
    showers and thunderstorms may develop during the late afternoon into
    the overnight along the Gulf coast region within a zone of theta-e
    advection and isentropic ascent north of the approaching warm front.
    At this time it appears the warm sector should remain mostly
    offshore, limiting any severe threat inland.

    ..Dial.. 11/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 03, 2018 07:34:02
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541230460-25255-11397
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030733
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030733

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Sat Nov 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM A PORTION
    OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY INTO THE TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe storms with potential for damaging wind and
    tornadoes are expected Monday evening into the overnight from a
    portion of the lower Mississippi Valley into the Tennessee and Ohio
    Valleys.

    Primary change to previous outlook for Monday has been to expand the
    severe risk areas farther north and east based on latest trends in
    model guidance.

    Potential still exists for significant severe weather to transpire
    Monday evening and overnight, mainly from the lower MS Valley into
    the Tennessee Valley regions. Though the NAM and GFS are slightly
    less amplified with approaching upper trough compared to the ECMWF,
    models have demonstrated reasonably good consistency. Cyclogenesis
    should commence by Monday evening over the lower MS Valley in
    response to ascent within exit region of an approaching, intense jet
    streak within base of an amplifying shortwave trough. The low is
    forecast to deepen as it lifts northeast into the OH Valley
    overnight with trailing cold front advancing through the TN and
    lower MS valley regions. Richer low-level moisture residing over the
    northern Gulf will advect rapidly northward through the warm sector
    in response to the strengthening low-level jet, contributing to
    destabilization with modest instability (1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE).
    Mixed storm modes including a squall line and supercells are likely
    to develop along and ahead of advancing cold front Monday afternoon
    initially over the lower MS Valley, and continuing east into the TN
    Valley and Southeast States Monday night. Impressive wind profiles
    with large hodographs and an intense upper jet will promote a threat
    for mainly damaging wind and tornadoes, though some hail will also
    be possible.

    ..Dial.. 11/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 04, 2018 07:46:04
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541317566-25255-11729
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 040746
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040744

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0144 AM CST Sun Nov 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM A PORTION OF
    THE SOUTHEAST STATES TO THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms with locally strong wind gusts and
    perhaps a couple of tornadoes will be possible from a portion of the
    Southeast States to the Middle Atlantic region.

    ...A portion of the Southeast States to Middle Atlantic...

    Showers and thunderstorms will be ongoing along and just ahead of a
    cold front from the OH Valley into the Gulf Coast states with an
    ongoing modest risk for isolated damaging wind. Surface low will
    shift from the OH Valley into the lower Great Lakes as the attendant
    shortwave trough advances northeast. Some of the thunderstorms may weaken/dissipate as they cross the Appalachians. Redevelopment may
    occur, especially from the central/eastern Carolinas into the
    eastern Middle Atlantic during the afternoon where greater
    destabilization is possible in association with northward advection
    of richer low-level moisture. The kinematic environment will support
    organized convection along/ahead of the cold front. However,
    widespread clouds and weak instability will probably serve as
    overall limiting factors for a more robust severe threat.

    ..Dial.. 11/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 05, 2018 08:52:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1541404368-25255-12065
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050752
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050751

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 AM CST Mon Nov 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms are possible Wednesday and Wednesday
    night from a portion of Texas into the Gulf Coast states. Overall
    severe threat should remain low.

    A quasistationary front should extend from central TX through the
    Gulf Coast states early Wednesday, but this boundary should
    transition to a cold front as a large area of surface high pressure
    gradually builds southward into the southern plains and Southeast
    States. Some thunderstorms will be ongoing Wednesday morning within
    the zone of isentropic ascent north of the front, and additional
    thunderstorms will develop mostly along/north of this boundary as it
    advances southward. A moist, warm sector with weak lapse rates and
    1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE will reside south of upper jet core with
    resulting modest wind profiles. While a locally strong wind gust or
    two and small to marginally severe hail cannot be ruled out with
    some of the convection developing along the front, overall severe
    potential should remain low.

    ..Dial.. 11/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 06, 2018 09:35:20
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060835
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060833

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CST Tue Nov 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Showers and thunderstorms are forecast across portions of the
    south-central and southeast U.S. Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad/cyclonic flow aloft is forecast to continue across the U.S.
    Thursday, as a strong short-wave trough digs southeastward out of
    the Canadian Prairies into the central portion of the country.

    At the surface, the primary surface baroclinic zone is forecast to
    remain just offshore over the northern Gulf through most of the
    period, though weak inverted troughing across the central Gulf Coast
    states and into the Mid-South is expected to occur overnight as the aforementioned upper trough digs southeast toward the Midwest.

    Showers and thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    south-central and southeast states, north of the surface front.
    However, elevated nature of the convection and weak instability
    should preclude appreciable severe risk through Friday morning.

    ..Goss.. 11/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 07, 2018 09:26:24
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    ------------=_1541579199-25255-12929
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Wed Nov 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Showers and thunderstorms are expected across portions of the
    southern and eastern U.S. Friday. Severe weather is not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    Surface cyclogenesis is expected to occur over parts of the
    northeastern quadrant of the U.S. on Friday, as a large upper trough
    shifts out of the central U.S. and across the Midwest/Great
    Lakes/Mid-South region. The low -- initially progged to lie over
    the Ohio vicinity, is expected to shift gradually north-northeast
    into/across southern Ontario, crossing the Ottawa River into
    southern Quebec late. Meanwhile, a secondary, triple-point low is
    forecast to develop near the Mid-Atlantic Coast during the
    afternoon.

    As the low develops, a cold front will evolve, sweeping east across
    the eastern U.S. and south into the Gulf of Mexico. By the end of
    the period, the front will likely have shifted off the Atlantic
    Coast and well south into the Gulf, lingering only across the
    Florida peninsula.

    Ahead of the front, a significant lack of instability is expected.
    Just prior to frontal passage, a remnants of a cold-air dam east of
    the Appalachians should hinder surface-based storm potential across
    the East Coast states -- suggestive of weak/disorganized storms. As
    such, severe weather is not expected with this system.

    ..Goss.. 11/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 08, 2018 09:13:59
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    ------------=_1541664852-25255-13282
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080813
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080812

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CST Thu Nov 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Appreciable thunderstorm activity is not expected across the U.S. on
    Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Within broad cyclonic flow aloft prevailing over the U.S., a
    shorter-wavelength trough crossing the Northeast early in the period
    is progged to evolve into a closed low, as it moves quickly across
    New England and into the Canadian Maritimes. Meanwhile farther
    west, short-wave troughing digging southeastward out of Canada and
    across the Rockies and north-central states will help to maintain
    the broad cyclonic flow field across the country.

    At the surface, high pressure will largely prevail over the country,
    as the preceding cold front continues moving southward across
    Florida.

    Showers and possibly a thunderstorm may occur over south Florida
    south of the advancing front, but the lack of support aloft and weak
    lapse rates expected suggest at this time that any more than a few
    lightning strikes is unlikely. A strike or two may also occur over
    portions of the interior West, as the aforementioned short-wave
    troughing digs southeastward. Again however, potential for more
    than a few strikes appears low at this time. Finally, a lightning
    strike or two cannot be ruled out in lee of the Great Lakes, as very
    cold air spreads southeastward atop the warm water of the Lakes.
    However, coverage should remain extremely limited, at best.

    ..Goss.. 11/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 09, 2018 06:38:38
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090538
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090537

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1137 PM CST Thu Nov 08 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from southeast Texas into southern
    Mississippi Sunday.

    ...TX to MS...

    Surface ridging will dominate much of the CONUS during the day3
    period as a reinforcing surge of continental air plunges south
    across the Rockies/Plains into TX/lower MS Valley by the end of the
    period. Prior to this frontal surge, low-level warm advection is
    expected to increase across the TX Coastal Plain as LLJ strengthens
    atop a shallow, retreating elongated surface ridge over the Gulf
    states. While surface-based buoyancy should hold offshore, forecast
    soundings suggest parcels lifted near 850mb will be sufficiently
    buoyant and uninhibited for elevated thunderstorm development.
    Latest guidance suggests a corridor of storms should evolve north of
    an old boundary draped across the northern Gulf of Mexico driven
    largely by warm advection.

    ...South FL...

    Upper ridging is forecast to extend across the eastern Gulf of
    Mexico across south FL Sunday. Weak low-level convergence near the
    southern Atlantic coast may contribute to weak convection and
    isolated thunderstorm activity. Negligible large-scale forcing for
    ascent should limit the intensity of this activity.

    ..Darrow.. 11/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 10, 2018 08:48:43
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    ------------=_1541836132-25255-14434
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100748
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100747

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0147 AM CST Sat Nov 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ALONG THE
    NORTHERN GULF COAST AND SOUTHEAST COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe threat will increase along the northern Gulf coast and
    Southeast coast Monday.

    ...Discussion...

    Weak mid-level short-wave trough is forecast to eject across
    northern Mexico to near the Sabine River by 13/00z. In response to
    this feature, a weak surface low will evolve over the western Gulf
    Basin late day2 and lift north to near GLS by 12/12z, then track
    east along the Gulf coast ahead of the short wave. Models are in
    general agreement that mT air mass will attempt to move inland ahead
    of this feature. If ~70F surface dew points spread into coastal
    LA/MS/AL/FL Panhandle there will be some risk for robust convection
    within a strongly sheared environment. NAM forecast soundings along
    the coast suggest SBCAPE in excess of 1500 J/kg which would support
    supercell development given the warm advection profiles and
    surface-6km bulk shear on the order of 35kt. Will introduce 5%
    severe probs to account for the warm sector advancing inland on the
    order of 50mi ahead of the surface low.

    Downstream, same general thoughts apply along the coast from GA into
    NC. During the latter half of the period it appears lower 70s
    surface dew points will advance just inland ahead of aforementioned
    weak surface low/cold front. If sufficient air mass destabilization
    can occur near the coast then a few severe supercells may ultimately
    evolve during the overnight hours.

    ..Darrow.. 11/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 11, 2018 08:38:15
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    ------------=_1541921899-25255-14953
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110738
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110737

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0137 AM CST Sun Nov 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential will linger across portions of the
    Southeastern States, including the Florida Peninsula.

    ...Discussion...

    11/00z short-range model guidance is in general agreement through
    the day3 period allowing a southern-stream short-wave trough to
    eject across northern Mexico then deamplify as it translates across
    the Gulf States. In its wake, weak short-wave ridging will likely
    develop across the Southeast as most model guidance suggests a
    significant piece of upper low holds across TX/lower MS Valley
    region mid week. This scenario should allow a notable surface front
    to sag south across the northern FL Peninsula before stalling late
    in the period. While scattered thunderstorms will likely be noted
    along front, with more isolated activity expected across the warm
    sector, short-wave ridging and the lack of meaningful large-scale
    support should limit thunderstorm intensity. While a few robust
    storms could be noted across this region, will not introduce 5%
    severe probs until/unless it becomes more obvious short-wave ridging
    will not prove hostile toward potential organization.

    ..Darrow.. 11/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 12, 2018 08:15:22
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    ------------=_1542006938-25255-15459
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120715
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120714

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0114 AM CST Mon Nov 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Some thunder potential will exist from the southern Middle Atlantic
    to Florida.

    ...Discussion...

    Strong upper trough is forecast to dig into TX during the day1
    period then potentially eject across the lower MS Valley into the TN
    Valley by Thursday morning. The NAM is the most progressive with
    this trough while the ECMWF holds the 500mb upper low over AR
    through the end of the period. As a result, there is considerable
    uncertainty regarding the potential for air-mass recovery across the southeastern US. Current thinking is destabilization will likely be
    minimized given the most aggressive solution generates height falls
    primarily north of I-20 where a wedge front will be reluctant to
    erode. If LLJ can strengthen into the southern Appalachians then
    elevated convection may spread/develop as far north as VA, otherwise
    isolated warm-sector convection will be more common across the FL
    Peninsula.

    ..Darrow.. 11/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 13, 2018 09:10:26
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1542096629-25255-16111
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130810
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130809

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0209 AM CST Tue Nov 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN
    NC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe potential will exist across eastern North Carolina Thursday.

    ...NC...

    Early-morning water-vapor imagery suggests southern Plains upper
    trough continues to dig southeast across TX. Over the next two days
    this feature is forecast to eject into AR, then shift into the
    middle Atlantic by 16/12z. As this feature translates into the TN
    Valley, LLJ is forecast to increase atop continental air mass wedged
    east of the Appalachians. This increase in warm advection is
    expected to aid elevated convection north of the wind shift across
    the Carolinas into southern VA. While stable boundary-layer
    conditions will hold through the period across much of VA into the
    Carolinas, there is some concern that cyclogenesis off the Southeast
    coast will allow mT air mass to advance inland across extreme
    eastern NC. Most short-range models agree warm sector will attempt
    to move inland such that coastal areas will develop near-surface
    based buoyancy. In addition, forecast soundings exhibit strong
    deep-layer shear, with substantial veering with height, supporting
    deep rotating updrafts. Will introduce 5% severe probs across
    eastern NC to account for isolated supercells capable of producing
    severe wind gusts and perhaps a few tornadoes.

    ..Darrow.. 11/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 14, 2018 08:00:29
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1542178836-25255-16556
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CST Wed Nov 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few weak thunderstorms may be observed across parts of the
    northeastern United States Friday.

    ...Northeast...

    Strong short-wave trough is forecast to eject in a negative-tilt
    fashion off the New England coast during the day3 period. Focused
    large-scale ascent, within favorably diffluent high-level flow in
    the exit region of a pronounced jet, is expected to aid elevated
    convection. Forecast soundings suggest parcels lifted near 700mb may
    prove favorably buoyant for a few thunderstorms just north of
    deepening low as it tracks toward Nova Scotia.

    ..Darrow.. 11/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 15, 2018 08:46:35
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1542268001-25255-17000
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150746
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150745

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 AM CST Thu Nov 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunder probabilities will remain low across the country Saturday,
    although a few lightning strikes may occur across deep south Texas
    late.

    ...Deep South TX...

    Weak mid-level short-wave trough within southern stream is forecast
    to eject across northern Mexico into deep south TX by the end of the
    period. In response to this feature, weak pressure falls will
    develop over the northwest Gulf basin and low-level warm advection
    should increase inland over deep south TX. Forecast soundings
    suggest weak buoyancy will evolve after midnight and shallow
    elevated convection may ultimately develop within this warm
    advection regime. If instability ultimately is greater than
    currently forecast more robust/deeper updrafts could attain heights
    sufficient for lightning. At this time thunder probabilities appear
    less than 10%.

    ..Darrow.. 11/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 16, 2018 08:19:37
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1542352781-25255-18741
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 AM CST Fri Nov 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough may move through the mid MS and OH
    Valleys during the period but the upper pattern, characterized by
    western CONUS ridging/eastern CONUS troughing, will likely remain
    relatively unchanged throughout the period. Surface pattern will be
    dominated by high pressure associated with a continental polar air
    mass, although a low may move through the northern Plains Sunday
    evening/early Monday morning.

    Stable conditions associated with this cold air mass will temper
    thunderstorm chances throughout the majority of the CONUS. The only
    exception is across south TX where enough low-level moisture will be
    in place ahead of the southward-progressing cold front to support
    isolated thunderstorm development. Limited instability should
    preclude any severe storm threat.

    ..Mosier.. 11/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 17, 2018 08:14:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1542438905-25255-19829
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 AM CST Sat Nov 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Model guidance is in good agreement that the upper pattern will
    become more progressive on Monday with the deep upper troughing
    covering the eastern CONUS beginning to lose amplitude and shift
    eastward. At the same time, western CONUS ridging will likely dampen
    as it gradually moves eastward. A southern-stream shortwave trough
    is expected to approach the southern CA coast late in the period.

    Expansive high pressure will dominate the sensible weather across
    the majority of the lower 48 states. The only exception is along the
    TX Gulf Coast, where are stalled front may interact with remnant
    low-level moisture to support isolated thunderstorms. No severe
    thunderstorms are anticipated.

    ..Mosier.. 11/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 18, 2018 08:15:49
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1542525354-25255-20395
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180715
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180714

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0114 AM CST Sun Nov 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are expected over the Lower 48 States on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Upper ridge expected to extent from northern Mexico into the
    interior Pacific Northwest at the beginning of the period will
    gradually shift eastward while losing amplitude. Eastern CONUS
    troughing is also expected to dampen as an embedded shortwave trough
    progresses from the OH Valley off the New England coast. At the same
    time, a southern-stream shortwave trough will likely move from
    southern CA through the Southwest and into the southern High Plains.

    Surface pattern across much of the central and eastern CONUS will be
    dominated by an expansive area of high pressure. Stable conditions
    promoted by this high will likely preclude thunderstorm development
    east of the Rockies. Cool and stable conditions are also anticipated
    for the remainder of the CONUS west of the Rockies.

    ..Mosier.. 11/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 19, 2018 08:14:54
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    ------------=_1542611700-25255-20793
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 AM CST Mon Nov 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A southern-stream shortwave trough is expected to move across the
    southern Plains during the period, helping to induce surface
    cyclogenesis along the western portion of the remnant frontal zone
    extending across the Gulf. However, given that the surface low will
    remain offshore, the prospects of thunderstorms along the western or
    central Gulf Coast, are low (i.e. below 10-percent).

    Farther west, a deep upper trough is expected to move across the
    central West Coast and into the Great Basin during the second half
    of the period. Cold temperatures aloft associated with this system
    will result in steep lapse rates. A lightning strike or two appears
    possible over the water, but overall instability will be limited by
    the lack of better low-level moisture and relatively cool
    temperatures. Consequently, thunderstorms are not anticipated
    inland.

    ..Mosier.. 11/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 20, 2018 09:20:57
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    ------------=_1542702060-25255-21153
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200820
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200819

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Tue Nov 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A progressive shortwave trough is expected to move eastward from its
    early period position over the western Great Basin to the
    central/southern Plains by 12Z Friday. Lee cyclogenesis is
    anticipated ahead of this shortwave across the central High Plains,
    with the resulting surface low likely located near the western KS/OK
    by the end of the period. Enhanced surface pressure gradient between
    this low and its associated troughing across the Plains and high
    pressure over the Northeast will result in southerly wind across the
    southern Plains throughout much the period. Even so, winds across
    the Gulf will remain predominately easterly until after 00Z Friday,
    limiting moisture return and keeping the air mass stable.
    Consequently, thunderstorm development is not anticipated during the
    period across the southern Plains.

    The best chance for thunderstorms appears to be off of the northeast FL/southeast GA coast where a low-amplitude shortwave will interact
    with moist and marginally unstable air mass. Highest coverage will
    be offshore with inland areas having thunderstorm probabilities of
    less than 10%.

    ..Mosier.. 11/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 21, 2018 08:51:41
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    ------------=_1542786706-25255-21620
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210751
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210750

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CST Wed Nov 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible Friday along the Gulf Coast and
    over portions of the Mid-South. Severe thunderstorms are not
    anticipated.

    ...Gulf Coast and Mid-South...
    Shortwave trough over the Plains at the beginning of the period is
    expected to continue eastward through the MS and TN Valleys while
    the strong mid-level flow associated with the system spreads over
    the Southeast. Surface cyclogenesis is anticipated over the western
    Gulf of Mexico just ahead of this upper trough, with the resulting
    frontal low tracking northeastward/eastward along the coast. By 12Z
    Saturday, this surface low will likely be centered over the western
    FL Panhandle. Isolated thunderstorm are possible in the vicinity of
    this low over the Gulf Coast but the forecast track of the surface
    low will preclude any inland penetration of the warm sector, keeping
    storms elevated. Consequently, despite favorable wind profiles, the
    severe risk is expected to remain low.

    Some isolated elevated thunderstorms are also possible into the
    Mid-South along and just ahead of the upper trough where warm-air
    advection is expected amidst modest instability.

    ..Mosier.. 11/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 22, 2018 08:59:04
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    ------------=_1542873546-22240-256
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220759
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220757

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0157 AM CST Thu Nov 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across the Mid-Atlantic states
    on Saturday. Probability of severe weather is currently less than
    5%.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Progressive upper pattern will continue with a lead shortwave trough
    moving northeastward across the OH Valley and into the Northeast.
    Evolution of this shortwave will promote development of a surface
    low along the leading edge of the modifying cold wedge expected to
    be in place across the Piedmont. Given the anticipated position of
    this low and its associated warm sector, some instability is
    possible across the coastal Carolinas and Virginia Tidewater ahead
    the front. The presence of strong vertical shear is supportive of
    organized storms with some potential for strong wind gusts. However,
    model consistency regarding the position of this surface low has
    been variable and the there is some potential for the cold wedge to
    remain in place. Given these factors, elected to not introduce any
    severe probabilities, although some may eventually be needed in
    subsequent outlooks.

    ..Mosier.. 11/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 23, 2018 08:07:40
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    ------------=_1542956865-22240-504
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230706

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0106 AM CST Fri Nov 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    General thunderstorms are expected across parts of the northern Gulf
    Coast on Sunday, but severe weather is not anticipated.

    ...Synopsis...
    A potent shortwave trough will move across the central Plains toward
    the mid MS Valley on Sunday with a surface low moving from MO into
    OH by Monday morning. While wind fields around this low will be
    quite strong, the antecedent dry air mass will lack instability, and
    as such thunderstorms are unlikely over most of the warm sector. An
    exception may be across the northern Gulf Coast where mid to upper
    60s F dewpoints will exist. However, low-level lapse rates will be
    poor, and the area will be south of a strong upper jet. Any
    thunderstorms that do for along the cold front from LA to the FL
    Panhandle are unlikely to be severe.

    Elsewhere, a sporadic lightning strike or two cannot be ruled out
    from Kansas City to Chicago along the track of the upper low where
    temperatures aloft will be cold, resulting in a few J/kg of MUCAPE
    based at 600 mb.

    ..Jewell.. 11/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, November 24, 2018 07:52:15
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    ------------=_1543042340-22240-809
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240652
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240651

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1251 AM CST Sat Nov 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Only isolated, weak thunderstorms are possible on Monday across
    parts of Florida, and along coastal Washington and Oregon late
    Monday night. Severe weather is not anticipated.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A large upper cyclone will exist across the Great Lakes region on
    Monday with strong cyclonic flow aloft across the eastern CONUS. At
    the surface, low pressure will pivot northward across Lake Huron,
    with a cold front approaching the East Coast by 18Z/midday. Rather
    meager moisture and instability will exist across Florida along the
    front, which will support isolated thunderstorm activity while
    convergence weakens with time.

    To the west, another strong shortwave trough will approach the
    Pacific Northwest Monday night into Tuesday morning, with strong
    cooling aloft as well as intense wind fields. Lack of instability
    will be the main limiting factor for storm coverage inland, but a
    few storms may approach the coast of WA and OR late in the period.

    ..Jewell.. 11/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, November 25, 2018 07:31:20
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    ------------=_1543127537-22240-1323
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250631
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250630

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 AM CST Sun Nov 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few general thunderstorms are possible along the coastal Pacific
    Northwest on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A cool and dry air mass will spread southeastward across the Gulf of
    Mexico and western Atlantic with a large upper-level cyclone
    deepening across the Great Lakes into the Northeast. Offshore flow
    will thus preclude any chance of thunderstorms over the majority of
    the CONUS.

    To the west, a shortwave trough will affect WA, OR, and northern CA
    with cooling aloft and widespread precipitation. Forecast soundings
    indicate weak instability will be present along coastal areas,
    supporting low-topped convection including a few thunderstorms
    mainly early in the day on Tuesday. Cool surface temperatures inland
    and weak instability should limit storm intensity.

    ..Jewell.. 11/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, November 26, 2018 06:25:26
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    ------------=_1543209931-22240-2304
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260525
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260524

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1124 PM CST Sun Nov 25 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across parts of central
    California Wednesday night into Thursday morning.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    As an upper low will exit the Northeast, high pressure will remain
    over the Southeast, providing dry conditions. Meanwhile, the flow
    regime aloft will become zonal from the Mid Atlantic westward across
    the Central Plains, with a low-amplitude shortwave trough nosing
    into CA Wednesday night. Here, cooling aloft will lead to weak
    instability. Widespread precipitation will occur, and a few of the
    heavier convective elements may contain lightning, from the Bay area
    eastward toward the Sierra. Instability will be quite weak, thus no
    severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ..Jewell.. 11/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, November 27, 2018 08:06:08
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543302373-22240-2957
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270706
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270705

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0105 AM CST Tue Nov 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected across the U.S. Thursday.

    ...California through southern Nevada...

    A progressive shortwave trough will continue east through CA and
    southern NV accompanied by cooling aloft and steepening mid-level
    lapse rates. This may contribute to weak but sufficient instability
    for a few thunderstorms to develop within a more general area of
    scattered showers during the day.

    ...Southeast Texas into the lower Mississippi Valley...

    Modifying Continental Polar air with trajectories from the Gulf will
    advect through the lower MS Valley as winds return to southerly in
    wake of a retreating surface ridge. This process will result in destabilization, but instability will remain marginal due to weak
    mid-level lapse rates. Moreover, forecast soundings indicate
    presence of an inversion around 700 mb. Scattered showers are
    expected to develop within an evolving, broad warm advection regime.
    Given likelihood of a modest mid-level inversion and at best weak
    forcing for ascent through the capping layer, it remains uncertain
    whether the updrafts will deepen sufficiently for a substantial
    thunderstorm threat.

    ..Dial.. 11/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 09:23:18
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    ------------=_1543393401-22240-3656
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Wed Nov 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM A PORTION OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY REGIONS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms remain possible Friday afternoon into
    the overnight from a portion of the southern Plains into the lower
    Mississippi Valley region.

    ...Southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley region...

    Models remain in good agreement regarding a progressive shortwave
    trough that is forecast to move through the lower MS and TN Valley
    regions Friday night into Early Saturday. Surface low will deepen
    over OK with a strengthening southerly low-level jet drawing in
    modifying air from the Gulf with dewpoints rising into the low-mid
    60s F in warm sector. Widespread clouds and areas of showers should
    be in progress along the warm conveyor belt from east TX and OK into
    portions of AR, LA and TN, likely limiting MLCAPE to below 800 J/kg
    during the day. As the near-surface layer destabilizes and forcing
    for ascent increases from the west, a gradual intensification of
    thunderstorms may occur from eastern OK and northeast TX during the
    afternoon before subsequently spreading eastward into the lower MS
    Valley. Winds aloft and vertical shear will strengthen with approach
    of the shortwave trough, becoming conditionally supportive of
    organized storms including supercells with damaging wind and a few
    tornadoes possible. Overall threat may be tempered somewhat by a
    marginal thermodynamic environment and only modest boundary layer destabilization. Models indicate a separate area of storms may
    develop near the coast and spread inland in association with a
    coastal warm front. Wind profiles in this region will also be
    favorable for supercells, but warmer temperatures aloft and weaker
    mid-level lapse rates are potential limiting factors.

    ..Dial.. 11/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, November 28, 2018 20:37:19
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543433852-22240-3873
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    ACUS03 KWNS 281937
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281936

    Day 3 Convective Outlook AMEND 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0136 PM CST Wed Nov 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM A PORTION OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    AMENDED FOR INCLUDING ADDITIONAL AREAS OF TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA IN THE
    SEVERE RISK

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms remain possible Friday afternoon into
    the overnight from a portion of the southern Plains into the lower
    Mississippi Valley region.

    ...Southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley region...
    Have adjusted severe probabilities farther west near the I-35
    corridor in north-central TX and southern OK to account for dryline
    placement by late afternoon/early evening. The 12z/28 ECMWF implies
    convective development in this region. Have also included a small
    area to the north of Houston, TX along the I-45 corridor into 5%
    severe probabilities. Otherwise the forecast remains on track.

    ---Previous Discussion---
    Models remain in good agreement regarding a progressive shortwave
    trough that is forecast to move through the lower MS and TN Valley
    regions Friday night into Early Saturday. Surface low will deepen
    over OK with a strengthening southerly low-level jet drawing in
    modifying air from the Gulf with dewpoints rising into the low-mid
    60s F in warm sector. Widespread clouds and areas of showers should
    be in progress along the warm conveyor belt from east TX and OK into
    portions of AR, LA and TN, likely limiting MLCAPE to below 800 J/kg
    during the day. As the near-surface layer destabilizes and forcing
    for ascent increases from the west, a gradual intensification of
    thunderstorms may occur from eastern OK and northeast TX during the
    afternoon before subsequently spreading eastward into the lower MS
    Valley. Winds aloft and vertical shear will strengthen with approach
    of the shortwave trough, becoming conditionally supportive of
    organized storms including supercells with damaging wind and a few
    tornadoes possible. Overall threat may be tempered somewhat by a
    marginal thermodynamic environment and only modest boundary layer destabilization. Models indicate a separate area of storms may
    develop near the coast and spread inland in association with a
    coastal warm front. Wind profiles in this region will also be
    favorable for supercells, but warmer temperatures aloft and weaker
    mid-level lapse rates are potential limiting factors.

    ..Smith.. 11/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, November 29, 2018 09:41:24
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    ------------=_1543480887-22240-4056
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290841
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290840

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CST Thu Nov 29 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION OF
    THE GULF COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms may occur Saturday over a portion of the Gulf
    coast states. Other strong to severe storms will also be possible
    over a portion of the Ohio Valley.

    ...Synopsis...

    Negative-tilt shortwave trough initially over the Middle MS Valley
    will deamplify as it advances northeast toward the Great Lakes. The accompanying cyclone will occlude and lift north-northeast through
    MO and IA with secondary cyclogenesis forecast across the Great
    Lakes overnight. Meanwhile a cold front will advance eastward
    through the OH Valley and Gulf Coast states.

    ...Gulf Coast States...

    Current indications are that scattered showers and thunderstorms
    will be in progress from LA into MS, AL and TN. These storms will be
    embedded within very strong vertical shear along southern fringe of
    a very strong mid-upper jet with some supercell structures possible.
    However, many of the storms may be slightly elevated above a shallow near-surface stable layer, but some updrafts will be rooted close
    enough to the surface to pose an ongoing early severe threat. Richer
    low-level moisture with dewpoints in the mid 60s to near 70 F will
    advect into a portion of warm sector. As a result, further
    destabilization will be possible, especially across southern
    portions of the Gulf coast states where storms may gradually
    intensify and become better rooted within the surface layer. Wind
    profiles will support supercells, but tendency will be for the
    low-level winds to veer as the atmosphere destabilizes from the
    south and west. Primary threat is expected to be damaging wind as
    storms develop eastward during the day, but a few tornadoes will
    also be possible.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    An area of widespread rain and thunderstorms within a deformation
    zone will move northeastward through the OH Valley early Saturday.
    In wake of morning storms, a dry slot will spread through this
    region along an intense upper jet axis. Within the dry slot and
    along western fringe of the warm sector, a corridor of diabatic
    heating may occur as low clouds mix out from IL into western KY.
    This process and cold temperatures aloft would support 500-1000 J/kg
    MLCAPE and steep lapse rates. Should this scenario evolve, severe
    storms may redevelop during the afternoon primarily along the
    portion of the cold front north of the upper jet axis, posing a risk
    for large hail, damaging wind and a few tornadoes. Will introduce a
    marginal risk category this update, but a categorical risk upgrade
    might be needed in later outlooks once more confidence is obtained
    regarding the evolution of the thermodynamic environment.

    ..Dial.. 11/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 30, 2018 09:23:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543566410-22240-4341
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Fri Nov 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    FLORIDA TO THE EASTERN CAROLINAS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few marginally severe thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday
    from northern Florida into the eastern Carolinas.

    ...Northern Florida to Carolinas...
    Southwest mid-level flow will be in place across the southeastern
    U.S on Sunday as a surface trough develops in southern sections of
    the Eastern Seaboard. A moist airmass is forecast to be located from
    Florida northward into the eastern Carolinas where pockets of
    moderate instability may develop by afternoon. Model forecasts show
    the greatest convective potential near the center of the low-level
    jet from northern Florida to southern South Carolina Sunday
    afternoon. A severe threat will be possible along this corridor
    where deep-layer shear is forecast to be from 35 to 45 kt. Negative
    factors for Sunday include weak low-level convergence and a lack of
    large-scale ascent. This along with variance among the model
    solutions introduce substantial uncertainty. For this reason, will
    keep the risk at marginal for this outlook.

    ..Broyles.. 11/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, November 30, 2018 09:47:59
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543567685-22240-4346
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 300847
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300847

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0247 AM CST Fri Nov 30 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    FLORIDA TO THE EASTERN CAROLINAS....

    CORRECTED FOR THUNDER LINE

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few marginally severe thunderstorms will be possible on Sunday
    from northern Florida into the eastern Carolinas.

    ...Northern Florida to Carolinas...
    Southwest mid-level flow will be in place across the southeastern
    U.S on Sunday as a surface trough develops in southern sections of
    the Eastern Seaboard. A moist airmass is forecast to be located from
    Florida northward into the eastern Carolinas where pockets of
    moderate instability may develop by afternoon. Model forecasts show
    the greatest convective potential near the center of the low-level
    jet from northern Florida to southern South Carolina Sunday
    afternoon. A severe threat will be possible along this corridor
    where deep-layer shear is forecast to be from 35 to 45 kt. Negative
    factors for Sunday include weak low-level convergence and a lack of
    large-scale ascent. This along with variance among the model
    solutions introduce substantial uncertainty. For this reason, will
    keep the risk at marginal for this outlook.

    ..Broyles.. 11/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 01, 2018 08:30:05
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543649411-22240-4727
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 AM CST Sat Dec 01 2018

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible during the day from southern
    Georgia into northern Florida.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Strong southwesterly flow aloft will persist across the Southeast as
    a low-amplitude shortwave trough exits the Northeast. A cold front
    will be situated from the eastern Carolinas into the FL Panhandle
    Monday morning with 68+ F dewpoints ahead of it. Showers and storms
    are likely to be ongoing along this front in the morning, but the
    overall threat is expected to decrease throughout the day as
    low-level winds veer, decreasing convergence. While an isolated
    severe wind gust cannot be ruled out early Monday morning across
    southern GA and northern FL, the threat appears too low and
    unpredictable given stabilizing effects of antecedent precipitation.


    Elsewhere, an upper low will approach the West Coast toward Tuesday
    morning, but any thunderstorm activity is expected to remain
    offshore the CA coast.

    ..Jewell.. 12/01/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 02, 2018 09:02:42
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543737767-22240-5576
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020802
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020801

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0201 AM CST Sun Dec 02 2018

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Tuesday across the
    central and southern Florida Peninsula and along the coast of
    California.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    West-northwesterly mid-level flow is forecast across much of the
    central and southern U.S on Tuesday as an upper-level trough moves
    toward southern sections of the Atlantic Seaboard. At the surface, a
    cold front is forecast to move southeastward across the central
    Florida Peninsula. Ahead of the front, a moist airmass is forecast
    to heat up sufficiently for isolated thunderstorm development across
    the southern and central Florida Peninsula. Isolated thunderstorms
    may also develop along the coast of California as an upper-level low approaches. No severe storms are expected across the CONUS Tuesday
    or Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 12/02/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 03, 2018 09:01:16
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543824078-22240-6394
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 030801
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030800

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Mon Dec 03 2018

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorm development will be possible along parts of
    the coast of California on Wednesday.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move across the Atlantic Seaboard on
    Wednesday as west-northwesterly mid-level flow remains over much of
    the central and southeastern U.S. An upper-level low will approach
    the West Coast. Ahead of this feature, isolated thunderstorms will
    be possible along the central and southern coast of California.
    Instability should be limited across most of the CONUS and no severe
    threat is expected on Wednesday or Wednesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 12/03/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 04, 2018 09:19:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543912290-22122-149
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040819
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040818

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CST Tue Dec 04 2018

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible along the coast of southern
    California and from parts of southern Arizona to central Texas.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level ridge is forecast to develop in the Rio Grande Valley
    on Thursday as an upper-level trough approaches the coast of Baja
    California. Thunderstorms will be possible ahead of the trough along
    the coast of California during the day on Thursday. Further to the
    east, southwest mid-level flow should exist from Arizona to west
    Texas where isolated thunderstorms could develop Thursday night. A
    few thunderstorms could also develop in south and central Texas as
    low-level moisture return begins. Instability is forecast to remain
    weak from the Desert Southwest into the Southern Plains limiting the
    severe threat.

    ..Broyles.. 12/04/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 05, 2018 09:06:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1543997394-22122-421
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 050806
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050806

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 AM CST Wed Dec 05 2018

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTH TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe thunderstorms will be possible Friday and Friday
    night across south Texas.

    ...South Texas...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move into northwestern Mexico
    on Friday. Southwest mid-level flow is forecast ahead of the trough
    across the Rio Grande Valley with an upper-level ridge over the
    southern Plains. The ridge is forecast to move eastward Friday night
    as large-scale ascent moves across central Texas. In addition, a
    low-level jet is forecast to develop across the Texas Coastal Plain
    Friday night where some moisture return should take place. In
    response, thunderstorm development may occur in south Texas.
    Although deep-layer shear is forecast to be strong, instability
    should remain weak, suggesting any severe threat will remain
    marginal.

    ..Broyles.. 12/05/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 06, 2018 09:08:32
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544083747-22122-728
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060808
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060807

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CST Thu Dec 06 2018

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm development will be possible on Saturday into Saturday
    night along the western and central Gulf Coast.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move across the southern Plains on Sunday
    as a cold front advances southeastward to the Texas Coastal Plains.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible along the front on Saturday
    before the front moves into the western Gulf of Mexico.
    Thunderstorms will also be possible near a low-level jet which is
    forecast to be across southeast Louisiana Saturday afternoon. As the
    low-level jet moves eastward Saturday evening, a potential for
    storms should develop across southern Alabama to the western tip of
    the Florida Panhandle. Due to very weak instability with the most
    favorable airmass remaining over the Gulf, no severe threat is
    expected across the CONUS on Saturday and Saturday night.

    ..Broyles.. 12/06/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 07, 2018 08:56:08
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544169375-22122-1045
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070756
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070755

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CST Fri Dec 07 2018

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    An initial short wave impulse, reaching the Tennessee Valley and
    eastern Gulf Coast states by 12Z Sunday, may become increasingly
    sheared within a confluent regime across the Mid Atlantic Coast
    region during this period. However, models suggest that associated
    forcing for ascent will support a redevelopment of the primary
    surface low from the Florida Panhandle vicinity into areas
    east/southeast of the Georgia/Carolina coast. This may occur fairly
    early in the day, and, as it does, likely will be accompanied by
    veering of low-level flow to a pronounced westerly component across
    the Florida Peninsula. Although wind fields and vertical shear
    probably will remain strong across much of the peninsula, by the
    time appreciable boundary layer destabilization is forecast to occur
    over inland areas, forcing to support thunderstorm development
    becomes weak, or at least remains unclear. As a result, severe
    weather probabilities appear less than 5 percent at this time.

    Otherwise, convective potential appears negligible elsewhere across
    the U.S., aside from perhaps coastal Oregon and far northern
    California, where weak destabilization is possible beneath cold
    mid-level air spreading inland Sunday evening.

    ..Kerr.. 12/07/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 08, 2018 08:19:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544253557-22122-1339
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 080719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 AM CST Sat Dec 08 2018

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S. Monday
    through Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Within split westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific,
    short wave troughs are forecast to progress east of the Canadian
    Rockies, through the Canadian Prairies, and inland of the U.S.
    Pacific coast, through the northern U.S. Rockies, Great Basin and
    California during this period. As this occurs, the downstream
    transition to more pronounced confluent mid-level flow may shift
    east of the Plains, allowing cold surface ridging initially centered
    over the central/southern High Plains to develop eastward across the Mississippi Valley, southeastern Plains and western Gulf coast by
    12Z Tuesday. This may by accompanied by further low-level drying
    over the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, in the wake of a cold front
    advancing southeast of the Florida Peninsula.

    With generally dry and stable conditions likely to prevail across
    much of the U.S. Monday through Monday night, the potential for
    thunderstorm activity appears negligible.

    ..Kerr.. 12/08/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 09, 2018 07:38:49
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544338031-22122-1785
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 090638
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090637

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 AM CST Sun Dec 09 2018

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a strong, largely zonal mid/upper jet,
    extending across much of the mid-latitude Pacific at the beginning
    of the period, may undergo increasing amplification Tuesday through
    Tuesday night. As this occurs, one significant short wave impulse
    emerging from it is forecast to gradually dig inland of the British Columbia/Pacific Northwest coast.

    Preceded by low-level warming and an influx of moisture ahead of an
    associated cold front early Tuesday, strong mid-level cooling
    Tuesday night (including 500 mb temps to around or below -30C)
    probably will be accompanied by sufficient destabilization to
    support a few thunderstorms near Washington and Oregon coastal
    areas. Aided by modest post-frontal onshore flow, some of this
    activity could develop into the western slopes of the Cascades, but
    the risk for severe weather appears negligible.

    Elsewhere, generally dry and/or stable conditions are expected to
    persist across the remainder of the U.S., with negligible risk for thunderstorms.

    ..Kerr.. 12/09/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 10, 2018 08:30:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544427140-22122-3549
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 100730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 AM CST Mon Dec 10 2018

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms currently appears negligible
    across the U.S. for Wednesday through Wednesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Considerable further amplification within a strong mid/upper jet
    spanning the mid-latitude Pacific appears likely through this
    period. As this progresses, it appears that one significant short
    wave impulse emerging from it will continue digging inland of the
    Pacific Northwest. Models suggest that it may dig fairly rapidly
    across the Great Basin and Rockies, toward the southern Plains.
    However, spread among and within the various models becomes
    considerable concerning this feature, its possible interaction with
    another short wave trough within a belt of westerlies emanating from
    the subtropical eastern Pacific, and associated surface cyclogenesis
    to the lee of the southern Rockies by late Wednesday night.

    Guidance does appear to be trending toward more modest surface
    cyclone development. Coupled with an initially stable environment
    over the western/northwestern Gulf of Mexico and Gulf coast region,
    severe thunderstorm potential still appears negligible at this time.
    However, Gulf boundary layer modification could still support
    sufficient low-level inland moisture return to contribute to
    destabilization supportive of at least scattered weak thunderstorm
    activity, across the southeastern Plains into upper Texas coastal
    areas by late Wednesday night.

    ..Kerr.. 12/10/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 11, 2018 09:26:00
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544516762-22122-3955
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110825
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Tue Dec 11 2018

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY INTO
    THURSDAY NIGHT ACROSS THE SABINE AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS...AND
    NORTH CENTRAL GULF COAST VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of eastern Texas into the
    lower Mississippi Valley and north central Gulf coast vicinity
    Thursday into Thursday night, accompanied by at least some risk for
    severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models suggest that mid/upper flow could amplify further through
    this period, with troughing and ridging within split belts of
    westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific largely in phase
    across the eastern pacific into western North America. Downstream
    of the ridging, models indicate that a vigorous short wave trough
    within the southern stream will dig southeast of the southern
    Rockies, before turning eastward across the southern Plains, where a significant embedded lower/mid-tropospheric cyclone may evolve and
    deepen while progressing toward the lower Mississippi Valley.

    While the ensemble mean output of the various models are fairly
    similar with the depiction of the evolving pattern, spread among the
    ensemble members and among the deterministic output of the various
    models has been, and remains, rather large. This not only includes
    the evolution of the mid-latitude perturbation, but also its
    interaction with a belt of westerlies emanating from the subtropical
    eastern Pacific.

    Further complicating matters concerning the assessment of any
    associated severe weather potential, the boundary layer over the
    Gulf of Mexico will only be in the process of beginning to modify in
    the wake of antecedent cooling and drying. And substantive warm
    sector low-level moistening inland of coastal areas remains in
    doubt.

    ...East Texas/lower Mississippi Valley/Gulf coast...
    Models suggest that an influx of upper 50s to lower 60s F surface
    dew points across southeast Texas into Louisiana is possible during
    the day Thursday. It appears that this probably will occur in the
    wake of an early period band of convection that will progress across
    and east of the lower Mississippi Valley. However, an evolving dry
    slot may allow for sufficient insolation to contribute to weak to
    modest boundary layer destabilization, beneath fairly cold mid-level temperatures across parts of eastern Texas into Louisiana. If this
    occurs, deep layer shear probably will be sufficient to support a
    risk of severe storms, possibly including a couple of supercells.

    Otherwise, somewhat better boundary layer moisture return appears
    possible ahead of an evolving secondary surface low near coastal
    areas, from southeast Louisiana into the western Florida Panhandle
    Thursday night. This may also contribute to an environment
    conducive for supercells, including the risk for a tornado or two.

    ..Kerr.. 12/11/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 12, 2018 09:27:36
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    ------------=_1544603318-22122-4208
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120827
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120826

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CST Wed Dec 12 2018

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY INTO
    FRIDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL
    FLORIDA...SOUTHEASTERN GEORGIA AND THE COASTAL CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of northern and central
    Florida, southeastern Georgia and the coastal Carolinas Friday into
    Friday night, accompanied by at least some risk for severe weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Split westerlies will continue to emanate from the mid-latitude
    Pacific, with several embedded amplified waves. A couple of these
    are forecast to progress through one branch across the Pacific
    Northwest into the Canadian Prairies during this period. A more
    prominent perturbation within another branch, including a deep
    lower/mid tropospheric cyclone, appears likely to progress more
    slowly, east/northeastward across the lower Mississippi Valley.

    In association with this latter feature, a plume of increasingly
    moist air, emanating from a more substantively modifying boundary
    layer over the central/eastern Gulf of Mexico, appears likely to
    advect into much of the Southeast, with highest moisture content
    overspreading southern and middle portions of the Atlantic Seaboard.
    This may include mid/upper 60s+ surface dew points within the warm
    sector of the cyclone, across much of Florida and perhaps parts of
    adjacent southeast Georgia into coastal areas of the Carolinas.

    Destabilization associated with the moistening, and large-scale
    ascent, is expected to support areas of scattered thunderstorm
    development Friday through Friday night.

    ...Southeast...
    Considerable spread remains evident in model ensemble output, and
    among the various deterministic model output, concerning the
    evolution and progression of the cyclone, including possible
    secondary surface wave development inland across northern Florida
    into the Carolinas. Even where confidence is greatest concerning
    the most substantive boundary layer moistening, questions remain
    concerning the degree of associated boundary layer destabilization.
    This may ultimately mitigate the overall severe weather potential,
    but at least isolated severe storms appear possible, particularly
    Friday across parts of northern and central Florida.

    To varying degrees, models indicate that strengthening of lower/mid tropospheric wind fields coupled with boundary layer moistening and destabilization will precede the inland advance of vigorous
    thunderstorm activity off the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during the
    day Friday. As this occurs, it appears at least possible that the
    environment may become conducive to organized severe storm
    development, including supercells and a risk for a tornado or two,
    in addition to potential for severe hail and wind.

    ..Kerr.. 12/12/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 13, 2018 09:20:15
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130820
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130819

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Thu Dec 13 2018

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ...MAINLY EARLY SATURDAY...ACROSS PARTS OF EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact portions of eastern North Carolina
    early Saturday, accompanied by at least some risk for severe
    weather.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models indicate little change to the general large-scale mid/upper
    flow through this period, with several amplified waves progressing
    through split branches of westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude
    Pacific. The wave, including an embedded occluded cyclone, east of
    the lower Mississippi Valley may remain the most prominent
    perturbation over the interior United States. However, guidance
    indicates that this system will be in the process of weakening by
    Saturday. It is forecast to generally continue developing
    east-northeastward toward the Mid Atlantic Coast region, but there
    remains rather large spread among/within the deterministic and
    ensemble model output concerning this movement.

    It appears at least possible that the warm sector of a secondary
    frontal wave/low may still be inland of the North Carolina coast at
    12Z Saturday, before the wave migrates offshore by early afternoon.
    Otherwise, low-level cooling/drying likely will be well underway
    across much of the remainder of the Southeast and northwestern Gulf
    of Mexico.

    ...Eastern North Carolina...
    The warm sector of the frontal wave appears likely to become fairly
    moist, supported by moisture return from both the Gulf of Mexico and
    western Atlantic, and this may contribute to weak to modest CAPE in
    excess of 500 J/kg. Given this air mass, shear and forcing for
    ascent near the wave will provide at least some potential for
    organized convective development which may pose a risk for damaging
    wind gusts, or perhaps a tornado or two. This may be a continuation
    of overnight convection spreading northeastward through the coastal
    plain, before advancing off shore early Saturday.

    ..Kerr.. 12/13/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 14, 2018 08:51:51
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544773916-22122-5070
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140751
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140750

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CST Fri Dec 14 2018

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Some thunder potential will be noted during the first half of the
    period across portions of the Northeast. Isolated thunderstorms may
    also be noted along the Pacific Coast during the latter half of the
    period.

    ...Northeast...

    Strong upper low is forecast to eject across the Delmarva Sunday in
    response to a strong mid-level jet that will dig southeast into the
    northern Great Lakes by the end of the period. Focused low-level
    warm advection along the cool side of ejecting surface low should
    encourage at least weak elevated convection from portions of PA,
    east. Strongest convection may attain levels supportive of
    generating a few lightning strikes.

    ...Pacific Coast...

    Multifaceted upper trough will approach the Pacific Coast after
    midnight Sunday night. Much cooler mid-level temperatures will
    spread inland as a surface front surges across western WA/OR.
    Post-frontal onshore flow and cooling profiles may support isolated
    lightning within the strongest convection. Southern extent of
    thunder threat may extend along the central CA Coast as heights are
    expected to lower across this region as a secondary short wave
    shifts into CA late.

    ..Darrow.. 12/14/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 15, 2018 07:21:00
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    ------------=_1544854863-22122-5355
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150620
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150619

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1219 AM CST Sat Dec 15 2018

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few weak thunderstorms may be noted early in the period across
    portions of California.

    ...CA...

    Substantial mid-level flow will dig southeast across central CA
    toward the lower CO River Valley by 18/00z before progressing into
    northern Mexico during the overnight hours. Seasonally cool 500mb
    temperatures north of this jet will allow steep mid-level lapse
    rates to spread across central CA toward extreme west TX by the end
    of the period. While weak convection may be noted along this
    corridor in advance of the speed max, low PW air mass should limit
    lightning potential across most of this region. However, a few
    strikes may be noted early across portions of CA but this too will
    be quite sparse.

    ..Darrow.. 12/15/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 16, 2018 08:23:34
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1544945048-22122-5636
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0122 AM CST Sun Dec 16 2018

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Low thunder probabilities are expected across the Pacific Northwest
    and over portions of Texas.

    ...Pacific Northwest...

    Mid-level short-wave trough is forecast to eject inland across the
    Pacific Northwest early in the period as a strong 500mb speed max
    translates across southern WA into western MT by 19/00z. Weak
    buoyancy is expected to develop within favorable onshore flow regime
    prior to height rises during the latter half of the period. Forecast
    soundings suggest weak convection is possible and the strongest
    updrafts may penetrate levels necessary for lightning generation.

    ...TX...

    Southern-branch short-wave trough will dig southeast across northern
    Mexico toward deep South TX Tuesday night. Diffluent flow aloft will
    overspread much of central/south TX such that large-scale forcing
    for ascent should increase as mid-level lapse rates steepen.
    Additionally, a weak surface wave should evolve off the central TX
    coast in response to the approaching short wave which should
    encourage more focused low-level warm advection across southeast TX.
    Isolated weak convection should spread across northern Mexico toward
    the lower Sabine River Valley by daybreak Wednesday.

    ..Darrow.. 12/16/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 17, 2018 07:50:08
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    ------------=_1545029425-22122-5888
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170650
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170649

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1249 AM CST Mon Dec 17 2018

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms will be noted near the central Gulf coast
    Wednesday with more isolated activity possible across Florida.

    ...Gulf Coast/FL...

    Southern-stream short-wave trough will eject across south TX during
    the day2 period before significantly stronger 500mb flow digs
    southeast into the southern High Plains late Wednesday forcing a
    much more pronounced trough to evolve over the MS Valley.
    Substantial mid-level height falls over the Gulf basin are expected
    to induce numerous bouts of convection along a baroclinic zone that
    should remain mostly offshore through the period. While there is
    some concern that a modified Gulf air mass may approach the central
    coast, widespread convection will likely prevent this primary
    boundary from advancing inland and the prospect for severe
    convection should remain minimal due to expected weak buoyancy.

    Downstream across the FL Peninsula, 850mb flow is forecast to
    strengthen ahead of the trough across the southern/eastern Gulf
    basin toward the end of the period. This strengthening flow field
    should aid northward advance of more moist/buoyant air toward the
    southern Peninsula. Given that large-scale forcing for ascent will
    likely remain well west of this region will not introduce severe
    probs as the main corridor of convection is expected to remain over
    the Gulf of Mexico.

    ..Darrow.. 12/17/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 18, 2018 09:12:47
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180812
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180811

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CST Tue Dec 18 2018

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF
    FL...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across the central and southern
    Florida Peninsula Thursday. Some low severe threat could develop
    over eastern North Carolina late in the day3 period.

    ...Florida...

    Strong mid-level flow is forecast to dig southeast across TX into
    the southern Gulf basin during the day3 period. This process will
    ensure significant deepening of a larger trough that will translate
    east across MS Valley into the southeastern US/eastern Gulf of
    Mexico by Friday morning. As this trough evolves, low-mid level
    trajectories will become increasingly favorable for higher theta-e
    air mass to advance north across the Caribbean into the southern FL
    Peninsula where near 70F surface dew points are likely to return.
    This air-mass recovery is expected to aid significant convection
    across the eastern Gulf basin early in the period along a pronounced
    surface front where strong large-scale forcing for ascent will be
    maximized. Very strong shear will develop across FL ahead of the
    short wave which will encourage organized convection. Frontal
    convection will likely be linear in nature, but embedded supercells
    are expected. There is some concern that isolated pre-frontal
    supercells may also develop within an increasing warm advection
    regime over the Peninsula. If moisture/instability returns to FL as
    currently forecast, all severe hazards may be noted with this
    activity given the strength and geometry of this evolving trough.

    Later in the period, moisture may advance inland across eastern NC.
    If sufficient instability can spread into this region supercells may
    develop as LLJ strengthens across this region.

    ..Darrow.. 12/18/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 19, 2018 08:51:20
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 190751
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190750

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CST Wed Dec 19 2018

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Low thunder potential will be noted from the southern Appalachians
    into portions of northern New England Friday.

    ...Eastern US...

    Very strong 500mb jet, in excess of 110kt, will translate across
    northern FL early in the period and increase to near 140kt over the
    Delmarva by 22/00z before shifting into New England during the
    overnight hours. In response to this feature, surface low should
    track across western NC into upstate NY then into QC after dark.
    Exit region of this mid-level jet is expected to aid convective
    threat across portions of the Piedmont prior to cold frontal
    passage. Latest guidance suggest a narrow corridor of steeper lapse
    rates will spread northeast from northwestern SC into western MD and
    this should be the zone where lightning would be most concentrated.
    There is some concern that instability will approach levels
    supporting robust updrafts, especially given the very strong
    mid-level jet. Forecast soundings across this region do not exhibit
    more than weak buoyancy, but relatively steep lapse rates are
    expected through at least 5km. Very cold mid-level temperatures
    across the Piedmont would favor lightning with strongly sheared
    convection despite the relatively low cloud tops. Will not introduce
    5% severe probs to this region yet as there is some question to the
    degree of buoyancy. If instability is expected to be greater across
    this region then a MRGL risk could be warranted and addressed at
    that time.

    ..Darrow.. 12/19/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 20, 2018 08:36:27
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 200735
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200734

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0134 AM CST Thu Dec 20 2018

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Weak convection, with some lightning potential, will develop late in
    the period along the Washington and Oregon coasts.

    ...WA/OR...

    Strong short-wave trough will approach the Pacific Northwest coast
    Saturday night as a roughly 100kt 500mb speed max translates into
    western OR. Very cold mid-level temperatures, approaching -30C, are
    expected within this trough and profiles will cool accordingly.
    Steepening lapse rates will result in weak buoyancy after midnight.
    Weak convection should develop within the exit region of this jet
    and spread inland within favorable onshore flow. Forecast soundings
    suggest some lightning potential near the coast.

    ..Darrow.. 12/20/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 21, 2018 08:29:32
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 AM CST Fri Dec 21 2018

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast Sunday or Sunday night over
    the contiguous United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A low-amplitude flow regime over the CONUS is forecast on Sunday as
    a series of disturbances quickly move across the MS Valley to East
    Coast and a few other weaker mid-level perturbations move from the
    Interior West into the central U.S. A belt of strong westerly
    mid-level flow will extend from the northwestern CONUS into the east
    Pacific where a powerful upper jet is forecast to encroach on the
    West Coast. A few lightning flashes cannot be ruled out near the
    WA/OR coast but coverage does not appear high enough to warrant a
    10-percent thunder area.

    ..Smith.. 12/21/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 22, 2018 09:09:38
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 220809
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220808

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CST Sat Dec 22 2018

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not currently forecast on Monday
    over the contiguous United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A potent mid-level shortwave trough, initially over the eastern
    Pacific, will dig/amplify as it moves southeastward across CA by
    early Tuesday morning. Widespread precipitation will overspread
    northern and central CA as large-scale ascent increases in
    conjunction with the shortwave trough. Isolated thunderstorms
    embedded within broad rain shields are forecast. Weak instability
    will likely preclude the development of strong thunderstorms over
    the central valleys of CA. Elsewhere, surface high pressure will
    lead to tranquil conditions over much of the area east of the
    Rockies.

    ..Smith.. 12/22/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 23, 2018 08:13:44
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230712

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0112 AM CST Sun Dec 23 2018

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not currently forecast for
    Tuesday over the contiguous United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level low and associated trough will move from the Sierra
    Nevada and central CA southeast to the AZ/Sonora border by early
    Wednesday morning. Weak mid-level height rises will occur during
    the day over the southern Great Plains in between the western U.S.
    system and a fast-moving/low-amplitude shortwave trough moving from
    the OH Valley into the western Atlantic. In the low levels,
    southerly flow over the western Gulf Basin into TX will transport
    moisture north-northwestward into the southern High Plains. Weak
    elevated buoyancy is forecast primarily after dark in TX/OK/eastern
    NM ahead of stronger mid-level height falls not forecast until after
    the Day 3 period. Nonetheless, a strengthening low-level
    warm-advection regime will support the development of scattered
    showers and weak elevated thunderstorms over eastern NM and
    northwest TX into OK during the midnight-6am CST Wednesday period.
    Isolated showers/storms may also develop within the moist plume
    extending from south-central TX into the TX Low Rolling Plains.

    ..Smith.. 12/23/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 24, 2018 09:13:50
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 240813
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240812

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CST Mon Dec 24 2018

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    CENTRAL TEXAS IN THE EVENING AND INTO SOUTHEAST TEXAS OVERNIGHT
    WEDNESDAY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible Wednesday over portions
    of central Texas during the evening and moving into southeast Texas
    overnight.

    ...Synopsis...
    A lower-latitude, mid-level shortwave trough will eject east into
    the central-southern High Plains from the southern Rockies with a
    closed mid-level circulation evolving Wednesday night over southwest
    KS. A broad belt of strong, cyclonic mid-level flow will overspread
    a destabilizing moist sector located over TX/OK. In the low levels,
    a surface cyclone will develop northeastward from the TX/NM border
    across the TX/OK Panhandles and into north-central KS by early
    Thursday morning. A north-south dryline is forecast from the
    eastern TX Panhandle into southwest TX and a Pacific cold front will
    overtake the aforementioned boundary and accelerate east across much
    of central TX late.

    ...TX Panhandle/far western OK into northwest TX...
    A seemingly conditional risk for severe thunderstorms will probably
    unfold beginning by the early-mid afternoon through the evening over
    this region. Strong low-level moisture transport will occur to the
    southeast of a deepening surface low, in a warm sector with an
    increasingly narrow moist/unstable airmass with northwest extent,
    from western north-central TX northwestward into the eastern TX
    Panhandle. Despite boundary-layer dewpoints only in the mid to
    upper 50s, very cool 500mb temperatures (-17 to -18 degrees C) may
    yield SBCAPE in the 250-750 J/kg range. However, strong DCVA (and
    120m/12hr 500mb height falls over the South Plains between 12z-00z)
    may promote an early convective initiation (CI) during the morning
    over West TX. The early CI scenario is possible and would have
    deleterious effects on the development of buoyancy. As it stands
    currently, a marginal risk for severe gusts and perhaps a tornado
    seem to be a sufficient highlight. But...if the early CI scenario
    does not occur and a brief window (1-2 hour) of cloud breaks and
    heating can occur, a greater risk for supercells with an attendant
    tornado/wind risk would develop.

    ...Central into eastern TX...
    A moist airmass, characterized by lower to middle 60s degree F
    dewpoints, will gradually destabilize during the day as stronger
    deep-layer forcing for ascent remains to the west and northwest of
    the region. Strong south-southeasterly low-level winds veering to
    the southwest in the mid levels will result in a wind profile
    supporting thunderstorm organization. By the late afternoon/early
    evening, thunderstorms are forecast to develop over the Concho
    Valley with thunderstorm coverage expected to increase as this
    activity moves into richer low-level moisture near I-35. Severe
    gusts and the possibility for a few tornadoes may accompany a band
    of thunderstorms as it grows upscale and moves east reaching the
    Upper Coast of TX during the midnight-6am CST period. Farther north
    over northeast TX, weaker instability may result in a lower risk for
    wind damage as thunderstorms move through the area overnight.

    ..Smith.. 12/24/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, December 25, 2018 08:58:25
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 250758
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250757

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0157 AM CST Tue Dec 25 2018

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR SOUTHEAST
    TEXAS INTO CENTRAL LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible Thursday over southeast
    Texas into central Louisiana. Damaging winds and a tornado or two
    are the primary severe risks.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level low/shortwave trough over the central Great Plains will
    weaken as it moves into the Upper Midwest. A broad belt of strong southwesterly 500mb flow (60-80kt) will extend from the western Gulf
    Coast northward into the lower OH Valley. A low-amplitude
    disturbance, initially located the base of the larger-scale trough,
    will move from southwest TX/Chihuahua into the lower MS Valley late
    Thursday night. In the low levels, a surface low will occlude as it
    moves into the Upper Midwest with a trailing cold front draping
    south through the Ozarks and into the northwest Gulf Coast.

    ...Southeast TX east into western AL...
    An extensive ongoing thunderstorm band over eastern/southeast TX is
    expected to move into LA during the late morning. A very strong
    southerly low-level jet will facilitate moisture return into LA and
    result in middle 60s dewpoints probably reaching into the southern
    half of LA. Despite relatively weak lapse rates, MLCAPE ranging
    from 250-1000 J/kg and decreasing northward, is forecast within a
    strong low- and deep-shear environment. Isolated damaging gusts are
    possible but will likely focus near any rear inflow jets with the
    mature squall line. Although the environment would conditionally
    support supercells ahead of the expected squall line, it is more
    probable only a QLCS with damaging gusts is manifested. By the
    afternoon, the deep-layer cyclone will become increasingly displaced
    from the lower MS Valley. A continued risk for isolated severe may
    spread into MS and western AL, but confidence on the magnitude and
    coverage of severe is less certain.

    ..Smith.. 12/25/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, December 26, 2018 08:44:02
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1545810248-22122-9001
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260743
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260742

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0142 AM CST Wed Dec 26 2018

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not currently forecast on Friday
    over the contiguous United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad, positively tilted large-scale trough is forecast from the
    Upper Midwest into the Desert Southwest on Friday. Several
    mid-level shortwave troughs, the most notable of which will quickly
    move northeast from OK into the southern Great Lakes by early
    evening and into New England overnight. Another mid-level
    disturbance is forecast to move from the lower MS Valley into the
    Mid-Atlantic states during the day. In the low levels, a cold front
    will drape south from a low over the Upper Great Lakes through the
    OH Valley and into the central Gulf Coast. The boundary will slide
    east into the Appalachians and Carolina Piedmont by Saturday
    morning. Southerly low-level flow will transport moisture north
    into the Carolinas and southern VA during the day. Medium-range
    models show lower to middle 60s degrees F dewpoints spreading into
    southern VA and the Carolinas while middle to upper 60s reside over
    the northeast Gulf Coast. Despite weak lapse rates, the increase in
    low-level moisture will contribute to weak buoyancy and a
    low-CAPE/high-shear setup from the VA/NC region south into the FL
    Panhandle. However, it seems low-level convergence will weaken with
    time near the effective pre-frontal boundary leftover from Day-2
    thunderstorm activity. This appears at least related to the forcing
    for ascent associated with the minor mid-level impulse occurring
    partially behind the surface boundary. While some risk for severe thunderstorms is not entirely out of the question for a portion or a
    large area from near the VA/NC border to the northeast Gulf Coast,
    will defer the inclusion of low-severe probabilities to later
    outlooks.

    ..Smith.. 12/26/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, December 27, 2018 08:41:38
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1545896535-22122-9538
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270740

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0140 AM CST Thu Dec 27 2018

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Organized severe thunderstorms are not forecast on Saturday over the
    contiguous United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A split-flow regime will feature a positively tilted mid-level
    trough over northwest Mexico with a flattened mid-level ridge over
    the Gulf of Mexico east into the western Atlantic. A surface cold
    front from previous days will become stationary and orient from the west-central Gulf east-northeastward through the FL/GA border
    region. Marginal moisture will return northward into the coastal
    plain of the Gulf States on southerly 850mb flow. Scattered showers
    and thunderstorms are possible mainly from the Upper Coast of TX
    east into MS/AL within this warm advection pattern atop a stable
    boundary layer. General thunderstorms are forecast and severe
    weather is not anticipated.

    ..Smith.. 12/27/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, December 28, 2018 09:06:12
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    ------------=_1545984376-22122-10520
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280806
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280804

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CST Fri Dec 28 2018

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected Sunday into Sunday night, mainly from
    eastern Texas into the lower Mississippi Valley area.

    ...Eastern Texas through the lower Mississippi Valley region...

    Upper trough forecast to be over northern Mexico early Sunday will
    eject northeast through TX into the middle MS Valley Sunday night in
    response to an amplifying upstream trough. A front situated over the
    northern Gulf will move inland as southerly low-level winds become
    established downstream from an evolving lee trough and in wake of a
    retreating surface high pressure area. Meanwhile a southerly
    low-level jet will strengthen Sunday night from eastern TX through
    AR, contributing to theta-e advection, destabilization, and
    isentropic ascent within baroclinic zone north of the warm front.
    These processes will result in the development of a rather large
    area of rain showers. Though instability will likely remain
    marginal, the convective layer might deepen sufficiently above the
    surface for a few embedded thunderstorms.

    ..Dial.. 12/28/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, December 29, 2018 09:06:19
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546070782-22122-11333
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290806
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290805

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CST Sat Dec 29 2018

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION
    OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms with damaging wind the main risk are
    possible over a portion of the lower Mississippi Valley on Monday.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley region...

    A cyclone will evolve over the lower to mid MS Valley region early
    Monday in response to forcing accompanying a northeast-ejecting but deamplifying shortwave trough. Trailing cold front should extend
    from a weak low in AR southwest through eastern TX at the start of
    the period, before continuing into the southeast U.S. as the cyclone
    develops northeastward through the OH Valley and lower Great Lakes.
    A corridor of modifying Gulf air with mid 60s F dewpoints should
    advect northward through pre-frontal warm sector along an intense
    (70 kt) southerly low level jet. This process will contribute to
    some destabilization, but CAPE will remain very marginal (less than
    500 J/kg) owing to widespread clouds and weak mid-level lapse rates.
    Showers and a few thunderstorms will be ongoing along the warm
    conveyor belt from eastern TX/LA into AR, and some intensification
    might occur during the day as this band continues east and interacts
    with the moistening boundary layer, though a near-surface stable
    layer could persist especially with northward extend toward the TN
    Valley. Though wind profiles will be favorable for organized severe
    storms, expected weak thermodynamic environment will remain a
    limiting factor. Nevertheless, some potential will exist for some of
    the convection to organize into mostly low-topped line segments
    capable of a few locally strong wind gusts later in the day into the
    early evening.

    ..Dial.. 12/29/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, December 30, 2018 08:55:28
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546156533-22122-11707
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300755
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300754

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CST Sun Dec 30 2018

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe storms are expected across the continental United States
    on Tuesday.

    A broad fetch of southwesterly winds aloft will exist downstream
    from another in a series of positive-tilt upper troughs forecast to
    move slowly through the southwest U.S. Tuesday. Early in the day a
    cold front will extend from the Carolinas southwestward into the
    northwest Gulf where the boundary will likely stall or retreat
    northward to near the TX coast by the end of the period. Meanwhile a
    large area of continental polar high pressure will build southward
    through the southern Plains reinforcing the southwest to northeast
    oriented baroclinic zone. A low-level jet is forecast to strengthen
    across southeast TX and LA Tuesday night promoting weak
    destabilization above the surface with a shallow layer of 200-300
    J/kg MUCAPE. This process will augment isentropic ascent and foster
    the development of showers within the baroclinic zone north of the
    surface front. For the most part it appears that the convective
    layer will be too weak and shallow for a more robust thunderstorm
    threat, but a few lightning strikes cannot be ruled out, mainly over
    a portion of southeast through east TX later Tuesday night.

    ..Dial.. 12/30/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, December 31, 2018 09:04:04
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546243446-22122-12037
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310803
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310802

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 AM CST Mon Dec 31 2018

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms will be possible Wednesday from central through
    northern Texas into a portion of the lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Central and northern Texas...

    The next in a series of upper troughs is forecast to close off over
    the southwestern U.S. Tuesday before continuing eastward and moving
    into the southern Plains Wednesday night. At the surface a stalled
    front should extend from southern GA into the northwestern Gulf by
    early Wednesday morning. A weak surface low is forecast to develop
    along the western extension of this boundary later Wednesday night
    in response to forcing accompanying the upstream trough, and this
    low may reach southern LA by the end of this period contributing to
    the northward progression of the warm front into coastal LA.

    A strengthening southerly low-level jet will augment isentropic
    ascent along the baroclinic zone from TX into the lower MS Valley
    resulting in weak destabilization and development of widespread
    showers. Examination of thermodynamic profiles north of the front
    indicate a relatively shallow, weak unstable layer that should be at
    best marginally sufficient for lighting production. Have introduced
    a general thunderstorm area for the possibility of a few lightning
    strikes across central through north TX where steeper 700-500 mb
    lapse rates are expected.

    ..Dial.. 12/31/2018

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 01, 2019 08:45:37
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

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    ACUS03 KWNS 010745
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010744

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0144 AM CST Tue Jan 01 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across southern portions of the
    Southeast States on Thursday.

    ...Lower MS Valley and Southeast...
    A maturing mid-latitude cyclone will likely be centered over the
    southern High Plains at the beginning of the period with further
    maturation and deepening anticipated as it gradually moves
    east-northeastward. By 12Z Friday, the upper portion of this cyclone
    will likely be centered over western portions of the lower MS
    Valley.

    Surface low associated with this system is expected to move along
    the remnant frontal zone during the first half of the period, from
    just off the middle TX coast northeastward through southern LA,
    before then occluding Thursday evening/Friday morning. Guidance
    varies on how this occlusion evolves with notable run-to-run and
    model-to-model variability on the location of the surface low at 12Z
    Friday. Despite this variability, confidence is high that low to
    mid-60s dewpoints will exist from the central Gulf Coast
    eastward/northeastward across southern AL/GA and the FL Panhandle
    ahead of any frontal boundary associated with the surface low. Warm
    mid-level temperatures will temper the overall instability,
    particularly farther inland, but some isolated thunderstorms are
    still possible. Given the strength of the vertical shear, some
    severe threat is also possible, particularly within about 50 miles
    of the coast where the probability of surface-based storms is
    highest. However, guidance still shows too much variability to
    introduce any severe probabilities with this forecast.

    ..Mosier.. 01/01/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 02, 2019 09:01:15
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546416082-22122-13642
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020801
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020800

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Wed Jan 02 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of Georgia and
    Florida Friday afternoon with additional isolated storms possible
    across the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic Friday evening through early
    Saturday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mature mid-latitude cyclone will likely be centered over the
    Arklatex at the beginning of the period. This cyclone is expected to
    eject northeastward through TN Valley and into the Mid-Atlantic
    during the period while gradually weakening and becoming
    increasingly vertically stacked. Occluded surface low associated
    with this system will slowly fill throughout the first half of the
    period before secondary cyclogenesis results in a new, stronger low
    just off the NC/VA coast early Saturday morning.

    Strong upper/mid-level flow accompanying this system will also
    spread eastward/northeastward as the cyclone progresses, with some
    of this strong flow aloft in place atop a narrow warm sector along
    the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic coast from Friday afternoon through
    Saturday morning. Even so, warm temperatures aloft will temper
    instability and limit the depth of any convection that does develop
    within the warm sector. Consequently, despite strong vertical shear,
    severe probabilities are currently too limited to delineate any
    threat areas.

    ..Mosier.. 01/02/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 03, 2019 08:36:50
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    ------------=_1546501013-22122-13952
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030735

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0135 AM CST Thu Jan 03 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible along the central California
    coast Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper pattern will remain fairly progressive during the period. A
    mature cyclone initially centered over the Mid-Atlantic will eject
    quickly northeastward offshore while a low-amplitude shortwave
    trough moves through Pacific Northwest and upper ridging pushes
    across the central CONUS. Another, deeper shortwave trough
    stretching the length of the West Coast will move over that area
    late in the period. Isolated thunderstorms are possible along the
    central CA coast within the frontal band associated with the lead
    shortwave trough, as well as within the steep mid-level lapse rate
    environment in the wake of the frontal band, and ahead of the deeper
    upper trough. Stable conditions will preclude thunderstorms
    elsewhere across the CONUS.

    ..Mosier.. 01/03/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 04, 2019 09:18:27
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    ------------=_1546589911-22122-14475
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040818
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040817

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CST Fri Jan 04 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the continental United States
    on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level ridge is forecast to move eastward across the
    Mississippi Valley on Sunday as an upper-level trough moves across
    the Desert Southwest. At the surface, high pressure is forecast to
    be dominant in the Southeast. Some low-level moisture return may
    take place across the Texas Coastal Plain on Sunday but instability
    and limited ascent will be insufficient for thunderstorm
    development. No convective threat is expected across the CONUS on
    Sunday or Sunday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/04/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 05, 2019 09:15:03
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    ------------=_1546676108-22122-14833
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050815
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050813

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CST Sat Jan 05 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are expected across the continental United States
    on Monday and Monday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move quickly eastward from the
    central and northern Plains eastward into the Great Lakes on Monday.
    Another upper-level trough is forecast to move from the Pacific
    Northwest into the Rockies. At the surface, high pressure is
    forecast across the Southeast. Some moisture return may take place
    along the Texas Coastal Plain but instability is forecast to remain
    minimal. For this reason, thunderstorm development is not expected
    across the CONUS on Monday and Monday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/05/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 06, 2019 09:19:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546762786-22122-15150
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060819
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060818

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CST Sun Jan 06 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible along the West Coast on Tuesday but
    no severe weather is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward from the Mississippi Valley
    into Southern Appalachians on Tuesday as an upper-level ridge moves
    into the Rockies. An upper-level trough will approach the West Coast
    where large-scale ascent will be strong enough for thunderstorm
    development along the coasts of Oregon and central to northern
    California. Instability will be very weak, limiting the severe
    potential. Elsewhere across the CONUS, thunderstorm development is
    not forecast for Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/06/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 07, 2019 09:28:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546849700-22122-15637
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070828
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070827

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CST Mon Jan 07 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible along parts of the West Coast on
    Wednesday. No severe weather is expected across the continental
    United States.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward from the Appalachians to
    the Eastern Seaboard on Wednesday as an upper-level ridge moves into
    the High Plains. An upper-level trough will approach the West Coast
    during the day and move onshore in the evening. Ahead of this
    feature, strong large-scale ascent and enhanced low-level flow will
    make conditions favorable for a few lightning strikes along the
    coasts of northern California and Oregon. Instability should remain
    very weak ahead of the trough and severe weather is not expected.
    Elsewhere across the CONUS, thunderstorm development is not forecast
    on Wednesday or Wednesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/07/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 08, 2019 09:20:49
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1546936228-22122-16168
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 080820
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080819

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Tue Jan 08 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected over the continental U.S. on
    Thursday.

    ...Discussion...

    Offshore flow, associated with a large area of continental polar
    high pressure that will dominate the eastern states Thursday, will
    result in stable conditions inland and low chances for
    thunderstorms. A few showers are expected Thursday night from
    southern NM into west TX in association with a southern-stream
    shortwave trough, but instability will probably remain too limited
    for thunderstorms.

    ..Dial.. 01/08/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 09, 2019 09:23:26
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547022212-22122-16599
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 090823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Wed Jan 09 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible, mainly across a portion of Texas
    on Friday, but no severe weather is expected.

    ...Texas into Louisiana...

    Winds will veer to southerly over the western Gulf early Friday in
    wake of a large area of high pressure moving through the eastern
    states. Modifying continental polar air will advect inland with
    dewpoints increasing to low 60s F near the coast and 50s farther
    inland beneath modest mid-level lapse rates resulting in weak
    (200-400 J/kg) MUCAPE. Showers and a few thunderstorms will likely
    be ongoing over west TX within zone of ascent accompanying a
    progressive shortwave trough. This activity will spread eastward
    through TX and OK during the day, reaching the lower MS Valley
    Friday night. At this time it appears most of the convection will
    likely be elevated above a stable surface layer which, in addition
    to weak instability, should limit any severe threat.

    ..Dial.. 01/09/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 10, 2019 09:23:34
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547108618-22122-17052
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Thu Jan 10 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected over the U.S. on Saturday.

    ...Southeast States...

    Southern-stream shortwave trough will deamplify as it advances
    through the Southeast States Saturday. Attendant cold front will
    extend from a weak surface low over eastern OK through eastern TX
    early in the day, and likely reach the eastern TN Valley southward
    into the Gulf by the end of this forecast period. Owing to a prior
    Gulf intrusion of continental polar air, moisture return inland will
    be limited resulting in very weak instability. Rain and scattered
    showers will likely develop through the Southeast States in
    association with forcing accompanying the shortwave trough, but at
    this time, it appears the unstable layer will probably remain too
    warm and shallow for more than sparse lightning activity.

    ...Southern California coast...

    Other isolated strikes will be possible early Friday in association
    with steep mid-level lapse rates attending an upper trough moving
    inland through southern CA, but coverage here is also expected to
    remain less than 10%.

    ..Dial.. 01/10/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 11, 2019 08:46:35
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547192807-22122-17442
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110746
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110745

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 AM CST Fri Jan 11 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast across the contiguous United States
    on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A low-amplitude shortwave trough should move eastward across the
    Carolinas and VA on Sunday. At the surface, a low initially offshore
    the NC/SC Coast should also develop eastward over the open Atlantic,
    with the trailing portion of a cold front moving southeastward
    across the FL Peninsula through the day. Owing to a prior frontal
    passage, low-level moisture will likely remain quite limited across
    the FL Peninsula Sunday ahead of the front. With negligible
    instability forecast across this region due mainly to an inversion
    centered around 700 mb, thunderstorms are not expected over land.

    Farther west, an upper low will approach the central CA Coast late
    in the period. A broad area of precipitation should move over this
    region late Sunday night. But, mid-level lapse rates are not
    currently expected to steepen sufficiently to support any meaningful
    elevated instability along the immediate coast. Accordingly,
    thunderstorm potential appears too low to delineate an area.

    ..Gleason.. 01/11/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 12, 2019 08:39:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547278765-22122-18131
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CST Sat Jan 12 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the contiguous United States
    on Monday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An expansive area of surface high pressure centered over the mid MS
    Valley will maintain offshore low-level trajectories across the Gulf
    of Mexico and western Atlantic on Monday. Accordingly, thunderstorms
    are not expected across the central/eastern CONUS due to
    insufficient moisture.

    An amplified upper trough/low should generally remain centered off
    the coast of CA through much of the period. An embedded shortwave
    trough is forecast to move eastward across southern CA and vicinity,
    and precipitation should gradually increase in coverage through the
    day and into Monday night. Forecast soundings from both the GFS and
    NAM show negligible instability along the CA Coast as this
    precipitation occurs, although a very isolated lightning strike
    cannot be completely ruled out over the adjacent nearshore waters.

    ..Gleason.. 01/12/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 13, 2019 09:07:37
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547366870-22122-19911
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 130807
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130806

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 AM CST Sun Jan 13 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms may occur along the coast of central and
    southern California on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Surface high pressure will likely remain centered over the Southeast
    on Tuesday, which will limit low-level moisture return across the
    western Gulf of Mexico. Thunderstorms are not expected across the central/eastern CONUS due to a lack of meaningful moisture.

    Across the western CONUS, an upper ridge is forecast to erode as a southern-stream shortwave trough initially over the lower CO River
    Valley moves northeastward across the Great Basin and central
    Rockies through the period. Another upper trough should move
    eastward from the eastern Pacific over CA Tuesday evening/night.
    Latest deterministic guidance still exhibits significant variability
    on the latitudinal placement of this upper trough and associated mid/upper-level jet as it approaches CA. Regardless, large-scale
    ascent ahead of the jet combined with slowly decreasing mid-level
    temperatures may foster the development of weak elevated instability
    late in the period along parts of the central/southern CA coast.
    Some isolated thunderstorms may occur in this regime, although the
    marginal thermodynamic profile should limit any meaningful severe
    threat.

    ..Gleason.. 01/13/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 14, 2019 09:26:28
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547454393-22122-20975
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Mon Jan 14 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms may occur Wednesday across parts of northern
    and central California.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A highly amplified upper trough/low with attendant mid/upper-level
    jet will move over parts of CA and the Pacific Northwest on
    Wednesday. Strong large-scale forcing for ascent should be present
    ahead of this upper trough, and widespread precipitation is expected
    to occur across much of northern/central CA. As the mid/upper-level
    jet moves over this region Wednesday evening/night, mid-level
    temperatures should quickly cool, which will likely support the
    development of weak/elevated instability. Isolated thunderstorms
    will probably develop due to the instability extending through a
    sufficient layer of the troposphere to support charge separation.
    Southerly low-level winds are also forecast to strengthen quickly
    and veer to southwesterly at mid levels. Greater low-level moisture
    is forecast to be present along the immediate coast (low to perhaps
    mid 50s surface dewpoints), and model forecast soundings suggest
    parcels may become rooted near the surface around/after 17/06Z
    Wednesday night. Even so, the potential for surface-based
    thunderstorms along the CA Coast appears a bit too low to include
    any severe probabilities due to the overall weak instability
    forecast (MUCAPE generally less than 500 J/kg).

    Farther east, low-level moisture return should commence across the
    western Gulf of Mexico into parts of coastal/east TX as a
    low-amplitude shortwave trough moves eastward over the
    southern/central Plains and a surface high over the Southeast
    weakens and shifts eastward. This modest moisture influx should
    remain too limited to support thunderstorm development across this
    region through the end of the Day 3 period.

    ..Gleason.. 01/14/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 15, 2019 08:21:59
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547536955-22122-21247
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 AM CST Tue Jan 15 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible across parts of California into the
    Great Basin on Thursday. Severe weather is unlikely.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A shortwave trough will move southeastward across CA and into the
    Great Basin with substantial cooling aloft and lift, as well as
    strong wind profiles. Instability will be weak across the region,
    but strong lift and steepening lapse rates aloft will likely result
    in sporadic lightning strikes from CA across NV and perhaps into
    western UT. Lift will be maximized Thursday morning across the
    Sierra with strong upslope flow, and will progress east across the
    Great Basin in association with a cold front. A few strong wind
    gusts may occur with precipitation along the front, but severe
    weather is unlikely.

    ..Jewell.. 01/15/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 16, 2019 07:23:04
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160623
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160622

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 AM CST Wed Jan 16 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN TEXAS AND SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong storms are possible Friday evening and overnight
    across parts of Texas. Hail will be the primary threat.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough will develop southeastward across the Four
    Corners states and into the Southern Plains with 50-65 kt midlevel southwesterly winds and cooling aloft overspreading much of Texas.
    At the surface, low pressure will translate southeastward across
    Texas as a cold front surges southward across the High Plains. To
    the east of the cold front, southerly winds will aid in the
    northward transport of low 60s F dewpoints, resulting in
    destabilization and scattered thunderstorms.

    To the west, cold air aloft early in the day may support isolated
    lightning strikes across parts of Arizona and New Mexico, but storm
    activity will not be severe.

    ...Central/Northern Texas into southeastern Oklahoma...
    Moisture advection will occur across the warm sector in Texas
    through the period, with initial rain showers and a few weak
    elevated thunderstorms possibly as early as late afternoon. More
    substantial lift will occur during the evening as warm advection
    increases, and overnight along the cold front. Forecast soundings
    indicate little surface based CAPE due to a cool boundary layer
    initially, but cool temperatures aloft as well as lengthening
    hodographs will favor hail. The most concentrated area of storms
    producing hail is forecast to be over north Texas and perhaps across
    the Red River into Oklahoma and/or ArkLaTex. While surface based
    instability will increase into Saturday morning, chances of wind
    damage appear low at this time.

    ..Jewell.. 01/16/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 17, 2019 08:35:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547710548-2046-261
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170735
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170734

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0134 AM CST Thu Jan 17 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF LOUISIANA...MISSISSIPPI...ALABAMA AND THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    At least isolated severe storms are expected across parts of the
    Gulf Coast states on Saturday, with wind damage the most likely
    threat.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A powerful shortwave trough will move rapidly eastward across the
    Gulf Coast states with low pressure moving from AR at 12Z Saturday
    to VA by 12Z Sunday. Southerly winds ahead of a cold front will
    result in modest low-level moistening with lower 60s F dewpoints
    expected across southern LA, MS, AL and the FL Panhandle.
    Destabilization will be driven mainly by moisture advection and
    cooling aloft, with the primary severe threat related to storms
    along the cold front. MLCAPE values are forecast to be generally at
    or below 500 J/kg, but 850 mb winds will exceed 50 kt, resulting in
    favorable low-level shear for QLCS structures assuming sufficient
    instability. Thus, damaging winds appear to be the main threat, with
    perhaps a brief/weak tornado especially if pockets of greater
    instability can develop. In any case, severe probabilities may
    increase in later outlooks as details become more predictable.

    Elsewhere, mid 50s F dewpoints are expected to move onshore across
    eastern NC Saturday night in advance of the cold front. Widespread precipitation will occur here as well, along with strong low-level
    shear. An isolated severe risk cannot be ruled out here as well, but
    will also depend on boundary layer stability.

    ..Jewell.. 01/17/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 18, 2019 08:57:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547798266-2046-748
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180757
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180756

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0156 AM CST Fri Jan 18 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely across the continental USA on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper trough along with a deep surface low will exit the
    eastern seaboard on Sunday, with a cold front near the outer banks
    of North Carolina early in the morning. Any precipitation associated
    with this front, perhaps with weak instability, will rapidly exit
    the region, allowing cooler and drier air to infiltrate the eastern
    half of the country with offshore flow over the Gulf of Mexico and
    Atlantic.

    To the west, low pressure will exist along the coastal Pacific
    Northwest as a shortwave trough approaches. While significant
    precipitation may affect portions of northern CA into western OR,
    forecast soundings show little to no instability to support any
    thunderstorms.

    ..Jewell.. 01/18/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 19, 2019 06:50:51
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547877073-2046-1603
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190550
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190549

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1149 PM CST Fri Jan 18 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the country on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A powerful upper trough will exit the Northeast during the day with
    high pressure across much of the East. Meanwhile, another upper
    trough will move from the Great Basin across the Four Corners
    states, emerging into the High Plains Tuesday morning. A surface low
    will develop into the central Plains, and south winds will increase
    across the western Gulf of Mexico. However, instability will remain insufficient for any thunderstorms as the antecedent air mass across
    the Plains will be dry.

    ..Jewell.. 01/19/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 20, 2019 08:25:55
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1547969157-2046-3544
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 AM CST Sun Jan 20 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Only isolated weak thunderstorms are possible Tuesday night across
    parts of Louisiana and southern Mississippi.

    ...Synopsis...
    Low pressure will move rapidly northeast from KS into lower MI on
    Tuesday as a large upper trough develops across the Plains. At the
    surface, high pressure will shift off the East Coast allowing for
    minimal low-level moisture return over the Gulf of Mexico. Lower 60s
    F dewpoints will move inland as far north as southern MS Tuesday
    night ahead of a cold front which will support an increasing threat
    of precipitation. Instability will be very weak, and mostly
    offshore, but a few weak storms may develop over LA and into
    southern MS overnight. With such weak instability, severe weather is
    unlikely despite increasing shear.

    ..Jewell.. 01/20/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 21, 2019 06:57:32
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548050259-2046-5320
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210557
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210556

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1156 PM CST Sun Jan 20 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible across parts of the Southeast, but
    severe weather is not expected.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Beneath strong southwest flow aloft, a cold front will slowly move
    east across MS, AL, GA, and northern FL on Wednesday, and into the
    Carolinas overnight. Lower 60s F dewpoints will eventually spread
    northward ahead of this front, with 850 mb flow increasing to 50-60
    kt overnight. Scattered thunderstorms are expected from the FL
    Panhandle into southern GA, but forecast soundings show a relatively cool/stable boundary layer, suggesting little threat of severe wind
    gusts making it to the surface.

    Elsewhere, an large-scale upper trough will continue to amplify
    across the Plains and Rockies, reinforcing cool and stable
    conditions.

    ..Jewell.. 01/21/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 22, 2019 08:00:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548140441-2046-5856
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1259 AM CST Tue Jan 22 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are likely on Thursday across much of Florida, and
    along the coastal Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    An intense and meridional jet max will approach the East Coast on
    Thursday with over 100 kt southerly 500 mb winds, and 850 winds
    increasing to 60-80 kts ahead of a cold front. Instability will be
    meager in most areas, with the greatest chance of thunderstorms over
    Florida. By midday on Thursday, the front will be mostly offshore,
    ending any thunderstorm threat. Otherwise, a vast area of cool, dry
    air will infiltrate the rest of the nation behind this front, with
    multiple bouts of high pressure shifting southward out of Canada and
    into the Plains.

    ...Florida...
    Strong low-level wind profiles will exist coincident with showers
    and storms along a weakening cold front from Tampa to Jacksonville
    on Thursday. Instability looks to be marginal with MLCAPE generally
    in the 500 J/kg vicinity, and large-scale support will be decreasing
    with time as a shortwave trough ejects northeastward toward the
    Carolinas. While a few strong wind gusts may occur, given the
    aforementioned factors will defer any potential low-end severe
    probabilities to later outlooks when predictability is greater.

    ...Eastern Carolinas...
    Wind profiles will become extremely strong on Thursday prior to a
    cold front moving offshore after 12-18Z. Models depict southwesterly
    850 mb winds to around 75 kt before veering with the frontal
    passage, but model consensus is for the near-surface layer to be a
    bit cool and stable, possibly only supporting shallow, partially
    elevated convection without lightning. If subsequent model runs show
    any increasing trend regarding low-level instability, severe
    probabilities could be added at a later time for the first half of
    the day.

    ..Jewell.. 01/22/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 23, 2019 06:22:11
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548220954-36520-321
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230522
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230521

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1121 PM CST Tue Jan 22 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will not occur across the lower 48 states on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will be centered over northern Ontario with an
    expansive area of cyclonic flow aloft enveloping much of central and
    eastern North America. This will maintain high pressure at the
    surface with offshore flow across the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic,
    with no threat of thunderstorms.

    ..Jewell.. 01/23/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 24, 2019 06:43:16
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548308601-36520-1442
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240543
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240542

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1142 PM CST Wed Jan 23 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely over the lower 48 states on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cool and stable pattern will persist across most of the CONUS on
    Saturday as a deep upper low rotates southward across Ontario and an
    upper ridge holds over CA. A broad zone of northwest flow aloft will
    stretch from the Canadian Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and will
    favor offshore flow over coastal areas. While a shortwave trough
    embedded within the northwest flow will bring precipitation to parts
    of the Plains and Lower MS Valley, little to no instability will be
    present for thunderstorms.

    ..Jewell.. 01/24/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, January 25, 2019 08:32:51
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548401586-36520-2092
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0131 AM CST Fri Jan 25 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected to develop across the country Sunday.

    ...South FL...

    Short-wave trough that is forecast to dig southeast across Mexico
    Saturday into the southern Gulf basin Sunday should shear
    east-northeast and approach the FL Straits late in the day3 period.
    Prior to this feature, a synoptic front should stall south of the
    peninsula where a few weak attempts for surface wave development
    could occur. While warm advection north of this boundary should aid precipitation across south FL, any convection that develops is
    expected to remain elevated and too shallow to warrant any
    meaningful threat for thunderstorms.

    ..Darrow.. 01/25/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, January 26, 2019 08:14:28
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548486874-36520-2481
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 AM CST Sat Jan 26 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential is low across the country Monday.

    ...Discussion...

    Upper troughing is expected to dominate the country east of the
    Rockies Monday. At the surface, onshore flow will be short-lived
    along the Gulf coast during the day3 period as a strong cold front
    will surge across the Plains/Mid MS Valley to a position from
    western KY - central AR - central TX at 29/00z. With minimal
    moisture expected to return ahead of the wind shift, forecast
    instability is weak but likely adequate for some frontal convection.
    However, sounding data suggests any convection that develops along
    the wind shift, and post frontal, will be too shallow for lightning
    as mid-level lapse rates are not expected to be particularly steep.
    For these reasons it appears the threat for thunder will remain less
    than 10%.

    ..Darrow.. 01/26/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, January 27, 2019 08:18:06
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548573489-36520-2865
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 AM CST Sun Jan 27 2019

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunder threat is low across the country Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...

    Northwest flow is expected to deepen across the central/western
    CONUS during the day3 period as a deep upper low settles into the
    Great Lakes region. This flow regime will force appreciable moisture
    off the central Gulf coast early in the period as a sharp cold front
    surges across the western/northern Gulf basin. Threat of lightning
    will be with convection along this boundary which will be south of
    the coast by sunrise Tuesday.

    ..Darrow.. 01/27/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, January 28, 2019 08:28:13
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    ------------=_1548660496-36520-3425
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 AM CST Mon Jan 28 2019

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunder probabilities are forecast to be less than 10% Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...

    Cold, deep upper low will shift into the Great Lakes region mid
    week. This evolution will necessitate offshore flow along the
    Atlantic coast to the central Gulf coast as a notable surface high
    settles into the Midwest. Poor moisture/instability east of the
    Rockies will prove hostile for thunderstorm development.

    Farther west, a significant upper low will track southeast toward
    the central CA coast late in the period. Associated cold pocket of
    mid-level air and relatively steep lapse rates will likely
    contribute to some convective threat with this feature. Forecast
    soundings along the CA coast suggest mid-level moistening will
    contribute to some elevated buoyancy but this will likely be
    inadequate for an appreciable thunder threat. While a lightning
    strike or two can not be ruled out with this activity, the
    probability of thunderstorms appears less than 10% at this time.

    ..Darrow.. 01/28/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, January 29, 2019 08:45:37
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548747942-36520-4362
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290745
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290744

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0144 AM CST Tue Jan 29 2019

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Some thunder potential will develop across the southwestern US and
    over parts of south Texas.

    ...Southwestern US...

    Well-defined upper low is forecast to track across the lower CO
    River Valley into southeast AZ by the end of the period. Cold
    mid-level temperatures will be noted with this feature which will
    enhance lapse rates north of a focused jet that should translate
    near the international border into north-central Mexico by 01/12z.
    Models generally agree that adequate moistening, due to large-scale
    ascent, should be present for buoyancy capable of supporting
    lightning with the strongest updrafts.

    ...TX...

    Low-level warm advection is forecast to gradually strengthen across
    the northwestern Gulf Basin into the coastal plain of TX well ahead
    of southwestern US upper trough. While large-scale forcing for
    ascent is not forecast to be significant across this region, model
    soundings suggest moisture advection will contribute to buoyancy
    that appears favorable for elevated convection. It's not entirely
    clear how far inland the coastal boundary will advance, but warm
    advection north of the wind shift may induce weak elevated
    convection that could produce lightning if sufficiently robust
    updrafts evolve.

    ..Darrow.. 01/29/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, January 30, 2019 08:52:44
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    ------------=_1548834769-36520-5207
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300752
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300751

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 AM CST Wed Jan 30 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL
    AND NORTH-CENTRAL TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few marginal severe thunderstorms could develop across portions of
    central and north-central Texas Friday.

    ...TX...

    Notable mid-level short-wave trough is forecast to eject into the
    Big Bend region of west TX by 02/00z. In response to this feature,
    modified Gulf air mass is expected to begin advancing north across
    the coastal plain of TX as old coastal boundary lifts inland ahead
    of this system. Models are in general agreement regarding the
    speed/movement of the short wave with 500mb temperatures expected to
    cool to near -20C as exit region of jet spreads toward central TX.
    While surface dew points are expected to rise through the 50s across
    the MRGL risk, in all likelihood surface-based convection will
    struggle to develop. Forecast soundings suggest most buoyant parcels
    will be rooted near 1km AGL and warm advection atop the retreating
    boundary should enhance ascent for potential convective development.
    With mid-level lapse rates expected to approach 8 C/km, strongest
    updrafts could produce some hail as MUCAPE could approach 1000 J/kg.
    Convective clusters are expected to evolve during the afternoon then
    spread northeast toward southeastern OK during the overnight hours.

    ...Elsewhere...

    A few thunderstorms may develop ahead of a strong short-wave trough
    in the SFO Bay region as a cold front surges toward the coast late
    in the period.

    A few thunderstorms may also develop within weakly confluent
    low-level flow along the southeastern coast of the FL peninsula.
    Large-scale support for organized convection appears to be lacking
    across FL as weak height rises are expected across this region.

    ..Darrow.. 01/30/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, January 31, 2019 08:54:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1548921298-36520-5775
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310754
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310754

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CST Thu Jan 31 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across the Gulf States and over
    portions of California.

    ...Gulf States...

    Well-defined mid-level speed max and associated short-wave trough
    will translate east from the upper TX coast Saturday morning to the
    Big Bend region of FL at the end of the period. A pocket of cooler
    temperatures aloft will enhance mid-level lapse rates while focused
    ascent ahead of this feature should result in some convective
    threat. Though true maritime air mass should struggle to advance
    inland, given the low-latitude trough, it appears sufficient
    buoyancy will develop along a corridor from east TX to FL such that
    lightning may be noted with the strongest convection. During the
    latter half of the period, a weak surface low should form off the
    northern FL Atlantic coast and this boundary will likely focus more
    robust thunderstorm activity, though mostly offshore over the warmer
    Gulf Stream.

    ...California...

    Pronounced upper trough will approach the CA coast Saturday evening.
    Associated surface front is expected to surge inland well ahead of
    this feature by mid day. While buoyancy will be limited with this
    trough, sufficient tropospheric cooling within post-frontal onshore
    flow regime is expected to support isolated lightning within the
    strongest convection.

    ..Darrow.. 01/31/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 01, 2019 08:56:27
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549007789-36520-6063
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010756
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010755

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CST Fri Feb 01 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms are not forecast on Sunday over the contiguous
    United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A series of low-amplitude disturbances are expected to traverse
    across the central and southeast states on Sunday. The risk for
    thunderstorms will likely remain limited with the disturbance
    exiting the Carolina coast. The initial poleward moisture return
    into the Ozark Plateau is expected by late Sunday as a fast-moving
    shortwave trough moves from the Grand Canyon east into the central
    Great Plains. A couple of lightning flashes are possible during the
    day over the higher terrain of western CO. Little to no buoyancy
    suggests the risk for thunderstorms is negligible over the Ozarks
    overnight Sunday/early Monday morning. Isolated thunderstorms are
    possible near the northern CA coast mainly late Sunday/early Monday
    in association with a larger-scale mid-level trough.

    ..Smith.. 02/01/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 02, 2019 08:37:35
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549093058-47329-103
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020737
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0136 AM CST Sat Feb 02 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast across the Lower 48 states on
    Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An intense mid-level speed max over the eastern Pacific will dig
    southeast along the CA coast as the larger-scale trough amplifies
    over the West Coast. Sporadic thunderstorm development is possible
    with moist/marginally unstable profiles near the northern CA coast
    and in the general Bay Area region. Downstream over the
    north-central U.S., a low-amplitude disturbance will quickly move
    from the Upper Midwest into Ontario and the lower Great Lakes. An
    airmass still modifying over the Gulf Coast states will gradually
    moisten over the southeast TX/LA vicinity. Showers and a few weak thunderstorms are possible overnight in the Sabine Valley.

    ..Smith.. 02/02/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 03, 2019 08:07:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549177635-47329-541
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030705

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0105 AM CST Sun Feb 03 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday over the contiguous
    United States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level low/trough over CA will slowly migrate southeastward
    while a belt of strong southwesterly mid-level flow will extend from
    the Desert Southwest across the central U.S. into the Great Lakes.
    Gradual modification of an airmass over the ArkLaTex and central
    Gulf Coast will occur as low-level moisture increases on
    strengthening southerly flow. Isolated showers/thunderstorms are
    possible over the lower MS Valley during the day. Models indicate a strengthening warm-air-advection regime from OK northeast into the
    lower OH/mid MS Valleys toward the evening into the overnight.
    Isolated to widely scattered coverage of weak, elevated
    thunderstorms will maximize near the overlay of a LLJ terminus atop
    a frontal zone.

    ..Smith.. 02/03/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 04, 2019 09:17:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549268275-47329-933
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 040817
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040817

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CST Mon Feb 04 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTH TEXAS
    AND EASTERN OKLAHOMA INTO THE OZARK PLATEAU...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible beginning late Wednesday
    afternoon but becoming more probable mainly after dark from the
    southern Great Plains into the Ozark Plateau.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough initially over the Mojave Desert will move east
    reaching the Four Corners by evening and the central/southern
    Rockies by early Thursday. A very strong belt of southwesterly
    mid-level flow will encompass the south-central U.S. northeastward
    through the lower OH Valley. In the low levels, a surface low over
    southeast CO is forecast to develop eastward along an arcing frontal
    zone with a triple point over northern OK by mid evening. As the
    mid-level trough approaches, the surface cyclone will reach the
    lower MO Valley by Thursday morning as an arctic front sweeps
    southeast through much of OK.

    ...TX/OK into the Ozarks...
    Southerly low-level flow ushering increasing boundary-layer moisture
    will promote destabilization despite widespread cloud cover for much
    of the day. Model guidance indicates surface dewpoints will range
    from the lower 60s over the MO Ozarks into the low-mid 60s farther
    south and southwest over southeastern OK/northeast TX. The EC
    appears to more realistically depict the timing of the surface low
    evolution compared to a quicker-GFS solution and slower NAM.

    Scattered showers and thunderstorms are possible during the day from
    the Ozarks northeastward into the OH Valley in association with warm
    advection. It is uncertain whether diurnal storm development will
    occur over the southern Plains prior to increased forcing for ascent
    arriving after dark. Nonetheless, stronger thunderstorm development
    will likely focus farther west beginning as early as the late
    afternoon but likely delayed until after dark, near the west edge of
    the returning moisture from central OK into TX. Adequate mid-level
    lapse rates may support some hail potential with the strongest
    updrafts early in the convective lifecycle. Greater conditional
    potential for severe may evolve with a convective band growing
    upscale during the evening into the overnight from near the MO/AR/OK
    border south-southwestward with severe gusts possible. If a mature
    squall line develops, the strong shear may support some risk for a
    short-lived, boundary-layer mesovortex or two in an otherwise
    marginally buoyant setup as it moves through eastern OK into western
    AR late.

    ..Smith.. 02/04/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 05, 2019 09:21:26
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549354889-47329-1674
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050821
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050820

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CST Tue Feb 05 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE ARKLATEX INTO THE OZARK PLATEAU...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe threat may persist Thursday morning across parts
    of the ArkLaTex into the Ozark Plateau before diminishing by the
    afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough over the Plains should move eastward across the MS
    Valley and eventually evolve into a closed low over the Great Lakes
    on Thursday. A very strong (100-120+ kt) mid-level southwesterly jet
    will also shift northeastward in tandem with the upper trough across
    parts of the mid MS Valley, Upper Midwest, and OH Valley. A surface
    low is forecast to develop from MO to the vicinity of lower MI by
    Thursday evening, with a strong cold front moving quickly
    southeastward across the southern Plains, Ozarks/Mid-South, and
    lower MS Valley in its wake.

    ...ArkLaTex into the Ozark Plateau...
    Thunderstorms should be ongoing along the cold front Thursday
    morning over far eastern OK/western AR into southern MO. Strong
    shear associated with a 45-60 kt low-level jet will be present
    immediately ahead of the front from the ArkLatex northeastward to
    the Ozark Plateau in southern MO. However, instability will likely
    remain quite weak, as poor mid-level lapse rates should exist across
    the warm sector. An isolated severe threat may continue Thursday
    morning with the ongoing line of storms along the front. This
    marginal threat should wane by Thursday afternoon as the large-scale
    lift associated with both the low and mid-level jets shift
    east-northeastward away from this region.

    ..Gleason.. 02/05/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 06, 2019 09:27:34
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    ------------=_1549441660-47329-2374
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060827
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060826

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CST Wed Feb 06 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms appear unlikely across the contiguous United States on
    Friday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A cold front will shift off the East Coast on Friday, with the
    trailing portion of this front reaching the central/southern FL
    Peninsula late in the period. Limited low-level moisture ahead of
    the front and negligible instability will likely preclude any
    thunderstorms across these regions.

    An upper trough/low should move over northern/central CA through the
    period, with large-scale ascent associated with this feature likely
    promoting showery precipitation across parts of this region. Even
    though mid-level temperatures should cool slightly beneath the upper
    trough, instability is forecast to remain very weak. Overall
    thunderstorm probabilities along the northern/central CA Coast
    appear too low to include a general thunderstorm area.

    ..Gleason.. 02/06/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 07, 2019 09:18:12
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549527496-5828-522
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070818
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070816

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CST Thu Feb 07 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms appear unlikely across the contiguous United States on
    Saturday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A shortwave trough over CA Saturday morning should advance quickly
    eastward, reaching the vicinity of the central Plains by the end of
    the period. Even though a strong low-level mass response will likely
    occur across the southern/central Plains ahead of this shortwave
    trough, a prior frontal intrusion will have scoured low-level
    moisture well south into the Gulf of Mexico. Thunderstorms appear
    unlikely across this region due to a lack of sufficient moisture.

    A closed upper low should develop southward along the WA/OR Coast
    through the day, with large-scale ascent to the east promoting areas
    of precipitation across much of the Pacific Northwest into northern
    CA. Even though mid-level temperatures will likely be quite cold
    beneath this upper low, forecast weak instability will probably not
    reach a sufficient vertical depth to support charge separation
    needed for lightning.

    ..Gleason.. 02/07/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 08, 2019 08:12:48
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549609970-5828-1958
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080712
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0111 AM CST Fri Feb 08 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are forecast across the continental United States
    on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move into the western states on
    Sunday as southwest mid-level flow remains over the south-central
    U.S. A belt of strong low-level flow is forecast across the eastern
    states extending southwestward into southern Plains Sunday and
    Sunday night. A chance for isolated convection could develop from
    parts of central Texas and eastern Oklahoma along the axis of the
    strongest low-level flow. At this time, it is not yet certain
    whether lightning coverage will be great enough to reach the 10
    percent threshold necessary to add a thunder area. For this reason,
    no thunder area is included in this outlook.

    ..Broyles.. 02/08/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 09, 2019 08:47:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549698478-5828-2609
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090747
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090747

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0147 AM CST Sat Feb 09 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EAST TEXAS...NORTHERN LOUISIANA...SOUTHERN ARKANSAS AND
    NORTH-CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe thunderstorms with strong wind gusts and perhaps a
    brief tornado will be possible on Monday from parts of east Texas
    into northern and central Mississippi.

    ...East Texas/Northern Louisiana/Southern Arkansas/Northern and
    Central Mississippi...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move into the central and
    southern Plains on Monday. At the surface, a low is forecast to
    develop and track eastward near the Kansas and Oklahoma stateline.
    Moisture advection will take place ahead of the low across east
    Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas where surface dewpoints should reach
    the 56 to 64 F range by afternoon. GFS forecast soundings Monday
    afternoon from Tyler, TX east northeastward to Tupelo, MS show
    MUCAPE generally in the 250 to 500 J/kg range with 0-6 km shear of
    50-55 kt. This should be adequate for marginally severe
    thunderstorms. A few strong wind gusts will be possible especially
    if a short line segment can develop during the late afternoon when
    instability will likely be the strongest. A marginal tornado threat
    can not be ruled out. Due to the weak instability that is forecast,
    any severe threat is expected to remain isolated. On Monday evening,
    the best chance for isolated severe should move east northeastward
    into parts of the lower to mid Mississippi Valley where model
    forecasts suggest low-level flow will be maximized.

    ..Broyles.. 02/09/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 10, 2019 08:55:01
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1549785307-5828-2982
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100754
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100753

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CST Sun Feb 10 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal wind damage threat will be
    possible across parts of the Southeast on Tuesday.

    ...Southeast Louisiana/Southern Mississippi/Alabama/Western Florida Panhandle/Far Western Georgia...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the Mississippi
    Valley on Tuesday as a 90 to 110 kt mid-level jet moves across the
    Tennessee Valley. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to
    advance quickly eastward into the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. Ahead
    of the front, a moist airmass should be in place with surface
    dewpoints in the lower to mid 60s F across much of the central Gulf
    Coast region. A line of storms may be ongoing ahead of the front at
    the start of the period in southeast Louisiana and southern
    Mississippi. A marginal wind damage threat could exist with the
    stronger portions of the line as it moves eastward across Alabama
    and the western Florida Panhandle. The models suggest that
    instability will remain very weak across the moist sector which
    would keep any severe threat isolated. The potential for strong wind
    gusts will probably diminish by mid afternoon as the stronger
    low-level flow moves northward away from the region.

    ..Broyles.. 02/10/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 11, 2019 09:04:36
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    ------------=_1549872280-5828-3894
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110804
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110803

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CST Mon Feb 11 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across the southern Florida Peninsula
    on Wednesday. No severe weather is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move eastward across the
    Eastern Seaboard on Wednesday. At the surface, a cold front is
    forecast to move southward across the southern Florida Peninsula. A
    moist airmass will be located south of the front where enough
    instability should develop on Wednesday for isolated thunderstorms.
    The environment does not look adequate for severe thunderstorm
    development. Elsewhere across the CONUS, thunderstorms are not
    expected on Wednesday or Wednesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 02/11/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 12, 2019 08:08:38
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0107 AM CST Tue Feb 12 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible along parts of the West Coast and
    south Florida on Thursday. No severe weather is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move eastward across the Mississippi
    Valley on Thursday. At the surface, a cold front will advance
    southward across the central U.S. A moist airmass will remain over
    south Florida where isolated thunderstorm development will be
    possible Thursday afternoon. Instability will be weak and a severe
    threat is not expected. A few thunderstorms will also be possible
    along the coasts of Washington and Oregon on Thursday near a
    shortwave trough moving inland across the Pacific Northwest.

    ..Broyles.. 02/12/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 13, 2019 09:04:49
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550045094-5828-6642
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130804
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130803

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CST Wed Feb 13 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible on Friday along parts of the West
    Coast and in the Southeast. No severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough will move across the Great Plains on Friday
    and into the lower to mid Mississippi Valley Friday night. A few
    thunderstorms will be possible ahead of the shortwave trough Friday
    night from northeast Arkansas east-southeastward into northern
    Georgia. Instability should be weak and a severe threat is not
    expected. Isolated non-severe thunderstorms will also be possible
    along parts of the West Coast on Friday ahead of an upper-level
    trough moving across the far eastern Pacific. Elsewhere across the
    CONUS, thunderstorms are not expected on Friday and Friday night.

    ..Broyles.. 02/13/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 14, 2019 08:56:56
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    ------------=_1550131022-5828-7754
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140756
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140755

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CST Thu Feb 14 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms will be possible across parts of the western U.S. on
    Saturday but no severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    An upper-level trough is forecast to move across the northwestern
    U.S. on Saturday as a cyclonic mid-level flow pattern remains over
    the western half of the CONUS. A secondary shortwave trough is
    forecast to move to the Pacific Northwest Coast late Saturday
    afternoon. Thunderstorms will be possible near the trough in western
    Oregon and further south along the coast of northern California.
    Isolated thunderstorms will also be possible across the Sacramento
    Valley. Instability is forecast to be quite weak in the western U.S.
    which should limit any severe threat. Elsewhere across the CONUS,
    thunderstorms are not expected Saturday and Saturday night.

    ..Broyles.. 02/14/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 15, 2019 08:59:06
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    ------------=_1550217551-5828-8396
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    ACUS03 KWNS 150758
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150758

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CST Fri Feb 15 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk of severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Large-scale ridging and troughing evolving within the mid-latitude
    westerlies across the eastern Pacific into western North America may
    trend more positively tilted through this period. Within this
    regime, a vigorous short wave trough, initially digging along the
    Pacific coast to the east of the ridging, is forecast to gradually
    turn inland through the base of the large-scale troughing, across
    the southern Great Basin and Southwest by early Monday.

    At the same time, short wave ridging may build downstream, into and
    through the Southeast, to the north of an increasingly prominent
    subtropical ridge becoming centered over the Bahamas. And a weak lower/mid-tropospheric cyclone, initially over the lower
    Missouri/middle Mississippi Valley vicinity, is forecast to undergo
    shearing and deformation while accelerating northeastward within an increasingly confluent regime to the north of the Ohio River. As it
    does, an associated cold front may advance southward through much of
    the remainder of the Gulf Coast states, and southeast of the
    southern Appalachians into the south Atlantic Seaboard, before
    becoming quasi-stationary.

    Above the shallower leading edge of the advancing cold air, it does
    appear that a southerly return flow will persist and continue to
    moisten. Models suggest that this may contribute to sufficient
    elevated destabilization to support scattered weak thunderstorm
    activity by Sunday night, particularly in a corridor east-northeast
    of the lower Mississippi Valley through the southern Appalachians
    (near the northern periphery of the mid-level subtropical ridging).

    Otherwise, destabilization beneath cold mid-level air may support
    additional convection capable of producing lightning near central
    and southern California coastal areas Sunday. Potential for weak
    thunderstorm development inland across the lower Colorado Valley
    into the Four Corners region late Sunday into Sunday night currently
    remains more unclear.

    ..Kerr.. 02/15/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 16, 2019 09:12:39
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550304762-5828-9267
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160812
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160811

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CST Sat Feb 16 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk of severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Monday through Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Although embedded short wave developments remain somewhat unclear,
    models indicate that larger-scale western U.S. mid-level troughing
    may undergo some amplification during this period. It appears that
    this will occur as another in a series of short wave perturbations
    digs inland of the Pacific coast: this one to the south/southwest of
    the preceding impulses, across the Southwestern international border
    area.

    Downstream, while mid-level subtropical ridging centered near/east
    of the Bahamas remains prominent, short wave ridging within the
    mid-latitude westerlies is forecast to build, in phase with the
    subtropical stream, across lower portions of the southern Plains
    into the lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. As a vigorous short wave
    impulse digs within a branch of westerlies to the north, to the
    southwest of Hudson Bay, it appears that increasingly confluent
    mid-level flow will support the southeastward development of the
    center of an expansive cold surface ridge, across the northern
    Plains through southern portions of the Great Lakes region.

    The shallow southern/leading edge of the cold surface-based air
    appears likely to advance off the south Atlantic coast, while
    remaining quasi-stationary, beneath the mid-level ridging, across
    northern portions of the Florida Peninsula through much of the
    remainder of the northern Gulf coast vicinity. Above it, a
    southerly return flow will be maintained, including further
    moistening off a modifying boundary layer over the western Gulf of
    Mexico, into the western and central Gulf Coast states.

    In the presence of weak (but increasing) elevated instability,
    modest strengthening of the return flow (including 30-40 kt at 850
    mb) may be accompanied by steepening isentropic ascent supportive of
    increasing potential for scattered thunderstorm development by late
    Monday night. Depending on the magnitude of CAPE and depth of the
    convective layer, the environment could become conducive to severe
    hail in the presence of strong vertical shear, mainly in a narrow
    corridor roughly across central Louisiana and adjacent portions of
    Texas and Mississippi. However, due to a number of lingering
    uncertainties, including timing near the end of the period, severe probabilities still appear less than 5 percent at the present time.

    ..Kerr.. 02/16/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 17, 2019 09:17:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550391465-5828-9884
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170817
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170816

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CST Sun Feb 17 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE TUESDAY
    THROUGH TUESDAY NIGHT IN A CORRIDOR ACROSS SOUTH CENTRAL THROUGH
    NORTHEAST LOUISIANA...SOUTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...AND
    ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact parts of the lower Mississippi
    Valley late Tuesday through Tuesday night, accompanied by at least
    some risk for severe weather.

    ...Discussion...
    As another strong short wave impulse digs off the British Columbia
    coast, toward the U.S. Pacific Northwest, models indicate that a
    fairly significant downstream impulse will emerge from the
    persistent larger-scale western U.S. upper troughing during this
    period. It appears that strongest associated mid-level height falls
    will spread from the Southwestern international border area, near El
    Paso, TX early Tuesday, through the middle Missouri Valley by 12Z
    Wednesday, as the northwestern periphery of subtropical ridging
    (centered east of the Bahamas) maintains considerable strength.

    On this track, strongest mid-level forcing for ascent and cooling
    will remain focused well to the cool side of a quasi-stationary
    frontal zone near the northwest Gulf coast. However, warming and
    moistening associated with a strengthening southerly return flow off
    the western Gulf of Mexico, above the surface front, appears likely
    to contribute to considerable erosion of the southwestern flank of
    the initially expansive cold surface ridging centered across the
    Upper Midwest into lower Great Lakes.

    Models continue to indicate the gradual development of weak surface
    troughing along the strengthening low-level jet axis (including
    50-70 kt at 850 mb), across the lower Mississippi Valley toward the
    lower Ohio Valley by late Tuesday night. Across parts of Louisiana
    and Mississippi, this corridor may become a focus for weak
    boundary-layer destabilization by Tuesday evening, as surface dew
    points begin to increase through the lower/mid 60s F. Although this
    probably will take place in the wake of the strongest 850 mb flow
    (forecast to shift into the lower Ohio Valley), lower to
    mid-tropospheric wind fields may remain sufficiently strong and
    sheared to contribute to an environment at least marginally
    conducive to organized severe thunderstorm development.

    The evolution of a narrow squall line appears possible Tuesday
    night, with isolated supercells perhaps also possible within and
    just ahead of the line, accompanied by at least some risk for a
    tornado or two, in addition to potentially damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 02/17/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 18, 2019 09:18:51
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550477937-5828-10992
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180818
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180817

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CST Mon Feb 18 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS INTO THE DAY
    WEDNESDAY ACROSS PARTS OF SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI
    INTO ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHWESTERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may continue to impact parts of the lower
    Mississippi Valley into the day Wednesday, accompanied by at least
    some risk for severe weather.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate little change to the general large-scale pattern
    from Tuesday into Wednesday. A belt of mid-latitude westerlies
    likely will remain amplified across the eastern Pacific into western
    North America, while flow remains broadly confluent downstream,
    across eastern North America, to the north of prominent subtropical
    ridging centered to the east of the Bahamas.

    While another strong short wave impulse continues to dig along the
    U.S. Pacific coast, toward the base of the larger-scale western U.S.
    troughing, a downstream impulse emerging from the troughing is
    forecast to progress around the crest of the larger-scale eastern
    U.S. ridging. At the same time, a gradual erosion of cold surface
    ridging appears likely to proceed to the east of the Mississippi
    Valley, and it appears that a modest cyclone may evolve within
    deepening surface troughing accompanying the lead short wave
    impulse, across the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes region Wednesday
    through Wednesday night.

    Considerable convective development, including embedded
    thunderstorms, may be ongoing early Wednesday across the lower
    Mississippi and Ohio Valleys, largely driven by warm advection and
    moisture return above the residual cold/stable surface-based air.
    Forcing for this elevated destabilization and convection is expected
    to spread east-northeastward across the Appalachians and northern
    Mid Atlantic region through the period, while additional convective
    development persists along a trailing quasi-stationary baroclinic
    zone across the Tennessee and lower Mississippi Valleys into the
    Texas Gulf coast vicinity.

    Much of this convection may remain rooted above a cold/stable layer.
    However, a corridor of weak to modest boundary-layer instability
    developing across parts of the lower Mississippi Valley by 12Z
    Wednesday may linger into at least midday, while slowly spreading
    eastward. It appears that vertical shear will remain strong enough
    across this region to maintain an environment at least marginally
    conducive to organized severe thunderstorm development, perhaps
    including supercells with the risk for a tornado or two.

    ..Kerr.. 02/18/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, February 19, 2019 09:21:59
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550564521-5828-11772
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190821
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190820

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CST Tue Feb 19 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk of severe thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Thursday through Thursday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Some further amplification of large-scale mid/upper troughing inland
    of the Pacific coast appears possible during this period, as a
    vigorous embedded short wave impulse continues digging into its
    base, and gradually pivots across southern California and the
    adjacent Southwestern international border area. Although not quite
    yet coming in-phase with the subtropical stream, models suggest that
    it may become increasingly so toward the end of the period.

    Downstream, broad mid/upper ridging is forecast to continue to build
    across much of the nation to the east of the Rockies, to the
    north/northwest of a subtropical ridge, centered at mid-levels
    east/southeast of the Bahamas. A remnant short wave impulse will
    progress around the crest of the ridge, before digging across New
    England and the Canadian Maritimes into the Atlantic. A developing
    frontal wave, near the northern Mid Atlantic coast at 12Z Thursday,
    is expected to rapidly deepen and become the primary associated
    cyclone as it migrates away from the coast Thursday through Thursday
    night.

    A quasi-stationary frontal zone trailing from this low, across the
    Mid Atlantic and southern Appalachians through the lower Mississippi
    Valley and Texas Gulf Coast at 12Z Thursday, may remain a focus for
    continuing weak thunderstorm activity early Thursday. This may
    persist through much of the period, as a continuing southerly return
    flow of moisture off the Gulf of Mexico maintains weak
    destabilization in a corridor across and above it. However, this
    boundary is expected to gradually shift or redevelop northward
    beneath the building upper ridge, with the corridor of highest
    thunderstorm probabilities expected to become focused across
    northeast Texas and the Ozark Plateau/Mid South/Tennessee Valley
    region by late Thursday night.

    Meanwhile, weak thunderstorm activity may also develop across parts
    of the Rio Grande Valley into central Texas by Thursday night,
    aided by elevated moisture return and destabilization associated
    with the belt of westerlies emanating from the subtropical eastern
    Pacific.

    It also appears that the strong digging western impulse may
    contribute to weak destabilization and low-topped convection capable
    of producing lightning near the southern California coast, and
    across parts of central Arizona, Thursday into Thursday night.

    ..Kerr.. 02/19/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 20, 2019 09:20:05
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1550650809-5828-12439
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 200820
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200819

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Wed Feb 20 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY AFTERNOON
    THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
    INTO THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact portions of the lower Mississippi
    Valley Friday afternoon, into portions of the southern Plains by
    late Friday night, accompanied by at least some risk for severe
    weather.

    ...Discussion...
    Models continue to suggest that mid/upper flow will undergo at least
    some transition across the eastern Pacific during this period, as a
    blocking ridge begins to become more prominent near the Gulf of
    Alaska. Downstream of this feature, another significant short wave
    trough is forecast to continue digging toward the U.S. Pacific
    Northwest. As this occurs, guidance indicates that a vigorous short
    wave trough, initially near the southwestern U.S. international
    border area at 12Z Friday, will remain progressive, and begin to
    more rapidly pivot east-northeastward across New Mexico and
    southwest Texas into the southern High Plains by late Friday night.
    It appears that this will provide support for a rapidly developing
    cyclone by the end of the period across the Texas Panhandle
    vicinity.

    Meanwhile, mid/upper ridging within the mid-latitude and subtropical
    westerlies is forecast to remain amplified across the Mississippi
    Valley through the Atlantic Seaboard, to the north/northwest of
    persistent prominent subtropical ridging (centered at mid-levels
    east of the Bahamas).

    On the northwestern periphery of the subtropical ridge, weak
    elevated destabilization above a warm frontal zone may be supporting considerable thunderstorm development at the outset of the period in
    a corridor from the Ark-La-Tex through the Tennessee Valley. This
    boundary may remain a focus for continuing convection through much
    of the period, while gradually shifting northward across the Ozark
    Plateau and lower Ohio Valley.

    Additional thunderstorm development appears likely across parts of
    the southern Plains by late Friday night, in response to increasing
    large-scale ascent and destabilization associated with the impulse
    emerging from the Southwest.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Modest boundary-layer destabilization is forecast in a corridor
    south of the initial warm frontal convection, across parts of
    central Louisiana into western Mississippi by late Friday afternoon.
    This will be aided by daytime heating of a moistening air mass
    characterized by lower/mid 60s+ F surface dew points. Although it
    is possible that this may occur beneath increasingly capping
    mid-level warming, areas of enhanced low-level convergence may
    support the initiation of scattered thunderstorms. If this occurs,
    deep layer shear probably will be sufficiently strong to support
    storms capable of producing at least marginally severe hail and
    wind, which may linger into early evening.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Late Friday night, increasing forcing for ascent and strengthening
    wind fields within the moistening and destabilizing warm sector of
    the developing cyclone may become supportive of increasing and
    organizing convective development. By 12Z Saturday, forecast
    soundings suggest thermodynamic profiles will become characterized
    by increasing convective instability, and perhaps CAPE on the order
    of 500-1000 J/kg. It is possible that this may still be mostly
    based above a residual shallow stable near-surface layer, but storms
    capable of producing severe hail and wind may not be out of the
    question by daybreak.

    ..Kerr.. 02/20/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 21, 2019 09:23:45
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    ------------=_1550737429-1983-2350
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 210823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Thu Feb 21 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY
    THROUGH SATURDAY EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF CENTRAL/EASTERN
    ARKANSAS...THE MISSOURI BOOTHEEL...WESTERN/CENTRAL
    KENTUCKY...WESTERN/MIDDLE TENNESSEE...NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI AND
    NORTHWESTERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An organized cluster of severe thunderstorms may evolve Saturday in
    a corridor across the Ozark Plateau through the lower Ohio Valley,
    with additional severe storms possible across the lower Mississippi
    into Tennessee Valleys. Considerable wind damage may accompany
    these storms along with the risk for tornadoes, some of which could
    be strong.

    ...Discussion...
    In phase with the subtropical westerlies, a vigorous short wave
    impulse of mid-latitude Pacific origins is forecast to accelerate
    northeast of the southern Plains through the Great Lakes region
    during this period. Strong cyclogenesis may already be underway by
    12Z Saturday near the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandle vicinity, and models
    continue to indicate that the rapid evolution of a broad and deep
    cyclone will proceed northeastward into the Great Lakes region by
    the end of the period.

    This likely will include the intensification of a cyclonic mid-level
    jet, including speeds in excess of 100 kt at 500 mb, across the
    southern Plains Red River Valley, through the middle Mississippi and
    Ohio Valleys. Across the evolving warm sector, models indicate that south/southwesterly winds will strengthen to 50-70+ kt through the
    850-700 mb layer.

    Although the warm frontal zone probably will surge north of the Ohio
    River, and into/through the lower Great Lakes region by late
    Saturday evening, an initial position roughly along the Ohio River west-southwestward into the Ozark Plateau may provide the main focus
    for severe thunderstorm potential. Early period convection,
    associated with weak elevated destabilization above the front, may
    inhibit, or at least slow, boundary-layer destabilization to the
    north, while leaving a remnant surface boundary.

    In association with the onset of stronger surface pressure falls,
    surface dew points are expected to increase through the lower/mid
    60s along and south of this boundary. Coupled with strengthening
    large-scale ascent, this is expected to contribute at least weak
    boundary-layer destabilization supportive of an evolving organized
    mesoscale convective system. CAPE on the order of 500+ J/kg appears
    possible. Given the strength of the environmental wind fields (and
    shear) within the convective layer, the convective system may be
    accompanied by considerable potential for strong and damaging wind
    gusts.

    It appears that this may initiate over parts of central and eastern
    Arkansas by midday, before progressing east-northeastward through
    the lower Ohio Valley by Saturday evening. A few tornadoes, some
    strong, are also possible, particularly with discrete supercells
    which may form near/just ahead of mainly the southern flank of the
    evolving system.

    More discrete storms, including supercells, may eventually develop
    as far south as the lower Mississippi Valley through portions of the
    southern Appalachians by late Saturday night.

    ..Kerr.. 02/21/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, February 22, 2019 08:14:50
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    ------------=_1550819691-1983-3319
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 220714
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 AM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ALONG THE
    CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms may occur Sunday morning along the central Gulf
    Coast.

    ...Central Gulf Coast...

    Strong upper trough that ejects across the Mid MS Valley/OH Valley
    region late in the day2 period will flatten heights across the
    northeastern US Sunday. Associated deep surface low will lift into
    QC during the day and occlude. While primary large-scale forcing for
    ascent will spread well north of appreciable buoyancy, trailing
    surface front is expected to provide the focus for deep convection,
    especially near the Gulf Coast. The greatest risk for a few strong
    storms will occur before 18z from southeast LA into the FL Panhandle
    ahead of the wind shift. Model guidance suggests a narrow corridor
    of pre-frontal moisture will advance inland such that near-surface
    based instability could support a few strong storms along southern
    fringe of stronger cyclonic flow aloft. At this time it appears
    gusty winds would be the primary threat with a loosely organized
    frontal squall line. Frontal convection should weaken during the
    afternoon as it encounters increasingly hostile air mass downstream.

    ..Darrow.. 02/22/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, February 23, 2019 08:42:24
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    ------------=_1550907750-1983-4039
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0141 AM CST Sat Feb 23 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Some thunder potential is possible with weak convection from the
    upper Texas coast to southwest Louisiana.

    ...Upper TX Coast/Southwest LA...

    Neutral/weak height rises are forecast across the south-central
    US/northern Gulf Basin Monday. As a result, early-day surface
    anticyclone is expected to remain influential through the period.
    Low-level trajectories are not expected to be particularly favorable
    for appreciable moisture to advance inland as east-northeast surface
    winds should persist much of the day along the Gulf coast. Latest
    guidance does suggest a weak mid-level short-wave trough will eject
    across northern Mexico toward deep south TX during the latter half
    of the period. In response, weak LLJ is expected to develop across
    the northwest Gulf basin into the upper TX coast. Warm advection
    atop retreating/weakening surface high could prove sufficient for
    weak convection and the possibility for some thunder late in the
    period.

    ..Darrow.. 02/23/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, February 24, 2019 08:30:32
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    ------------=_1550993437-1983-5158
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 AM CST Sun Feb 24 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected across much of the Gulf States
    Tuesday.

    ...Gulf States...

    Negligible 12hr height changes are expected across the southern US
    during the day3 period. Even so, several weak disturbances will
    track across northern Mexico into south TX before progressing
    downstream into the central Gulf States. In response to these
    features, surface anticyclone should erode which will allow higher
    Theta-e air mass to begin lifting north toward the coast. Northern
    extent of modified Gulf air could advance roughly 50-100 mi inland
    as east-west coastal boundary lifts north. Low-level warm advection
    should prove instrumental in convective development from the Coastal
    Plain of TX into extreme southwest GA. At this time it does not
    appear buoyancy/forcing will be adequate for organized severe.

    ..Darrow.. 02/24/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, February 25, 2019 08:36:39
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    ------------=_1551080205-1983-6687
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 250736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250735

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0135 AM CST Mon Feb 25 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible across much of the Gulf States
    region east of Texas during the day3 period.

    ...Gulf States...

    Lower latitudes are expected to remain active through mid week at
    mid levels as several weak short-wave troughs are forecast to track
    across northern Mexico into the Gulf States region. While no
    appreciable height changes are forecast with these features, each
    disturbance will likely contribute to convective development along
    northern fringe of modified Gulf air mass. Models remain fairly
    consistent that mid 60s surface dew points will advance inland
    roughly 100mi which should aid buoyancy for thunderstorm development
    through the period. Weak low-level warm advection ahead of
    aforementioned short waves are expected to generate thunderstorm
    clusters within a modestly sheared environment that could support
    some organization if sufficient instability materializes. At this
    time forecast shear/instability, in conjunction with expected
    forcing, may not support more than a few strong, to perhaps
    marginally severe storms. Will not introduce severe probs at this
    time due to the marginality of expected instability along this
    corridor.

    ..Darrow.. 02/25/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, February 27, 2019 08:42:22
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    ------------=_1551253347-1983-8175
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 270742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0141 AM CST Wed Feb 27 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms are possible across parts of the Southeast
    Friday.

    ...Southeast...

    Weak polar front will sag southeast into GA-AL-MS early in the
    period ahead of a multifaceted short-wave trough that will eject
    across this region by 02/00z. While low-level convergence is
    forecast to be weak along the boundary, strong shear ahead of the
    short wave may encourage a few robust thunderstorms that evolve
    within a modestly buoyant air mass. Confidence in organized severe
    is low across this region as some variability exists among
    short-range guidance. GFS more aggressively forces
    moisture/instability offshore and is considerably weaker with
    aforementioned short wave. Even so, there is some concern that
    sufficient instability may linger inland ahead of the front such
    that a few strong storms could develop. Will introduce 5% severe
    probs for a scenario more similar to the latest NAm guidance.

    ..Darrow.. 02/27/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, February 28, 2019 08:33:03
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    ------------=_1551339187-1983-8705
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 280732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280732

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0132 AM CST Thu Feb 28 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE ARKLATEX
    REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated marginally severe thunderstorms are possible in the
    Arklatex vicinity Saturday night.

    ...Arklatex...

    Short-range models are in general agreement with a strong short-wave
    trough ejecting across the lower CO River Valley early in the day3
    period before a 90kt+ 500mb speed max translates into north-central
    TX by daybreak Sunday. ECMWF has been fairly consistent generating a
    weak surface low just ahead of an arctic front over the Arklatex in
    response to the short wave. Increasing LLJ across east TX into AR is
    expected to force higher-PW air mass into the MRGL Risk region where
    MUCAPE is expected to increase to near 1000 J/kg when lifting
    parcels near 850mb. With mid-level lapse rates expected to steepen
    to near 7 C/km, it appears adequate buoyancy will exist for robust
    updrafts. Forecast soundings suggest 1"-type hail could be generated
    with the strongest nocturnal thunderstorms.

    ..Darrow.. 02/28/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 01, 2019 09:26:08
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    ------------=_1551428774-1983-9124
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 010826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Fri Mar 01 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CENTERED OVER THE
    CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms -- including potential for locally severe storms --
    will likely exist across portions of the southeastern U.S. centered
    over the central Gulf Coast region on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad/relatively low-amplitude cyclonic flow will persist across the
    U.S. Sunday, south of the main upper vortex progged to remain over
    Ontario through the period. With respect to convective potential,
    the primary upper feature of interest will remain the fast-moving
    short-wave trough that will cross the southeastern quarter of the
    U.S. before reaching the western Atlantic late in the period.

    At the surface, a weak frontal wave will shift eastward across the
    Gulf Coast states, and later the southern Appalachians and Carolinas
    before shifting offshore. Meanwhile, a surge of polar air is
    progged to spread south/southeast across much of the central and
    eastern U.S. and northern Rockies through the period.

    ...Central Gulf Coast region and vicinity...
    A relatively moist boundary layer is progged to reside ahead/south
    of the frontal wave which will shift quickly across the region
    Sunday, sufficient to support modest CAPE. While the low will
    remain weak, and surface winds somewhat veered/southwesterly ahead
    of the front south of the surface low, strong deep-layer flow will
    accompany the upper system -- resulting in shear supporting
    organized/rotating storms.

    While primary risk will likely be wind, emanating from a few
    small/bowing segments moving quickly east-northeastward, a couple of
    tornadoes may also occur -- the most likely zone at this time
    appearing to exist from southern/eastern Mississippi into central
    Alabama, during the afternoon hours. As storms spread quickly
    eastward into the evening, a decrease in intensity/severe risk is
    expected, with risk likely to linger longest over portions of the
    Florida Panhandle and southern Georgia.

    ..Goss.. 03/01/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 02, 2019 09:23:17
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    ------------=_1551514998-1983-9742
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 020823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020821

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CST Sat Mar 02 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Showers/a few thunderstorms are expected over the Florida Peninsula
    vicinity Monday; severe weather is not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    A broad zone of mid- and upper-level cyclonic flow will continue
    across the U.S. on Monday, though ridging will begin to increase
    across California, the Desert Southwest, and the Great Basin late in
    the period, ahead of an advancing eastern Pacific trough.

    At the surface, the trailing portion of a cold front crossing the
    eastern Atlantic will move slowly southward across Florida and the
    Gulf of Mexico with time. In the wake of this front, continental
    polar air will continue to spread across the remainder of the
    central and eastern U.S. and northern Rockies through Tuesday
    morning.

    Showers and a few thunderstorms will be possible across Florida as
    the front advances, but elsewhere, stable air precludes thunder risk
    across the rest of the country.

    ..Goss.. 03/02/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 03, 2019 09:01:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1551600088-1983-10360
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 030801
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030800

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Sun Mar 03 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of thunderstorms may occur over southern Florida Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...
    As the central and eastern U.S. upper trough shifts eastward across
    the U.S. with time, ridging will persist over the Intermountain West
    as an eastern-Pacific low continues to approach the West Coast.
    While a few lightning strikes may occur during the second half of
    the period over portions of California and possibly Arizona, any
    lighting coverage appears likely at this point to be limited -- and
    thus will not introduce a thunder area at this time.

    Meanwhile, continued/gradual southward advance of a remnant surface
    cold front will occur across Florida, with some potential for
    showers and a couple of thunderstorms during the day.

    Elsewhere, with cold continental air prevailing across most of the
    country, thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Goss.. 03/03/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 04, 2019 09:25:31
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1551687935-1983-11662
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 040825
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040824

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CST Mon Mar 04 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Showers -- and possibly occasional/embedded thunderstorms -- are
    expected across portions of the Desert Southwest and Great Basin
    Wednesday/Day 3.

    ...Discussion...
    Gradual deamplification of the upper flow pattern is expected to
    occur on Wednesday, as a result of:

    1. The gradual eastward advance of the large eastern U.S. trough
    into the western Atlantic, and

    2. The inland advance of an eastern Pacific trough, that will
    weaken with time while simultaneously effecting a breakdown of the
    western U.S. ridge.

    By the end of the period, these two factors will result in a much
    more quasi-zonal/westerly flow field across the U.S. -- with the
    main exceptions being the northeast and northwest corners of the
    country.

    While high pressure/continental air will remain over most of the
    U.S. east of the Rockies, thus precluding thunder potential, showers
    -- and perhaps occasional lightning in a few areas -- are expected
    across portions of the Great Basin/Southwest. The convection --
    aided by a combination of large-scale ascent and mid-level cooling
    both associated with the aforementioned/weakening upper trough --
    will shift eastward with time, but should diminish overnight.

    ..Goss.. 03/04/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 05, 2019 09:27:06
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    ------------=_1551774431-1983-12490
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 050827
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050826

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CST Tue Mar 05 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    Low-amplitude/zonal flow aloft is forecast to prevail over much of
    the U.S. during the first half of the period, with cyclonic flow
    surrounding the departing eastern U.S. trough increasingly confined
    to just the Northeast/New England with time. Within the quasi-zonal
    westerlies in the wake of this trough, a complex short-wave
    perturbation is progged to shift out of the Rockies and across the
    northern and central Plains, and eventually the upper Midwest.

    Meanwhile, an eastern Pacific trough, rotating around a persistent
    upper low centered initially near Vancouver Island, will dig
    southeastward, approaching -- and eventually reaching -- the
    California coast through the end of the period.

    At the surface, a cold front will shift across central and southern
    California through the second half of the period as the
    aforementioned upper trough digs southeastward. Farther east, a
    west-to-east baroclinic zone will make gradual northward progress
    across Texas, in response to the low-amplitude upper disturbance
    crossing the central portion of the country.

    A west-to-east band of scattered showers and occasional/embedded
    thunderstorms is forecast to extend across the Utah/Colorado
    vicinity during the first half of the period, in conjunction with
    the progressing low-amplitude upper system. As this system crosses
    the Plains during the second half of the period, elevated showers
    and a few thunderstorms are expected to evolve north of the Texas
    surface front, in a zone of warm advection/isentropic lift. In all
    areas, weak instability should preclude any appreciable severe risk.

    ..Goss.. 03/05/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 06, 2019 09:33:13
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    ------------=_1551861196-1983-12805
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 060833
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060832

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 AM CST Wed Mar 06 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA/NORTH TEXAS AND VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginal risk for thunderstorms becoming capable of producing hail
    will evolve early Saturday morning over portions of the southeast
    Oklahoma and north Texas vicinity.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper flow pattern across the U.S. is progged to amplify with
    time Friday and into early Saturday, as an upper trough moves
    quickly eastward across southern California into the Desert
    Southwest and adjacent northwest Mexico/Baja through the day. As
    this occurs, downstream ridging will cross the central U.S., while a
    second trough advances through the Ohio/Mid-Mississippi/Tennessee
    Valley region through the first half of the period.

    Overnight, the central U.S. ridge and eastern trough will continue
    to progress, ahead of the increasingly energetic trough crossing the
    Southwest. By the late in the period, this trough is expected to
    reach the High Plains region.

    At the surface, high pressure will largely prevail east of the
    Rockies through the first half of the period, with only a weak
    surface reflection of the upper system crossing the Midwest
    expected. Meanwhile in the West, low pressure and an associated
    cold front will make steady progress across the Great
    Basin/Southwest/southern Rockies through the first half of the
    period. Overnight, low pressure should begin to consolidate over
    the central High Plains as the upper system acquires increasing
    negative tilt, with a cold front shifting quickly into the southern
    Plains through the end of the period.

    ...Southeast Oklahoma/north Texas and vicinity...
    Large-scale ascent will steadily increase overnight across the
    southern Plains, in advance of the strong/approaching storm system.
    However, with the amount of moisture in the lower half of the
    troposphere to remain quite limited initially, questions linger as
    to the degree of elevated CAPE development that will occur ahead of
    the fast-moving system. At this time, it appears likely that
    convection will initiate quickly, just as soon as low-level theta-e
    advection permits buoyancy to develop -- and therefore storms will
    more likely increase rapidly in coverage, as opposed to intensity.
    Still, a few stronger storms may evolve late -- over the southeast Oklahoma/north Texas vicinity -- accompanied by limited risk for
    hail.

    ..Goss.. 03/06/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 07, 2019 09:39:53
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    ------------=_1551947999-1983-13199
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 070839
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070839

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CST Thu Mar 07 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CENTERED FROM THE ARKLATEX/OZARKS EAST TO THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A broad area of at least some severe risk is evident from eastern
    fringes of the Plains to the southern Appalachians -- centered over
    the Mississippi Delta Region into the Tennessee Valley Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level trough -- crossing the Plains at the start of the
    period -- is forecast to shift northeastward through the day and
    eventually evolve into a closed low. By the end of the period, the
    low should reside over the upper Mississippi Valley/western Upper
    Great Lakes vicinity.

    At the surface, a central Plains low should deepen through the day,
    tracking similar to the upper low and reaching the upper Great Lakes
    by Sunday morning. A trailing cold front will shift rapidly
    east-northeastward across the lower MO/mid MS/OH valleys through the
    period, while sagging much more slowly southeastward along its
    southern fringe. By the end of the period, expect this front to
    extend from the west slopes of the central Appalachians
    west-southwest across the central Gulf Coast states to the Texas
    coast.

    ...Eastern parts OK/TX eastward to the southern Appalachians...
    A large area of severe potential remains evident at this time, as
    the strong upper trough shifts from the central/southern Plains
    across the upper Midwest and into the upper Mississippi Valley/Great
    Lakes region. Strong ascent -- focused primarily from the
    Ozarks/Tennessee Valley northward, and a broadly strong/favorable
    wind field, will accompany this system. However, with widespread
    early-period convection expected, substantial uncertainty remains
    evident.

    At this point, it appears that widespread ongoing/initially elevated thunderstorms will spread east/east-northeast out of
    Oklahoma/Kansas, across the Ozarks and into the mid and lower
    Mississippi Valley through the morning/early afternoon. Storms
    should become increasingly surface-based as low-level theta-e
    advection occurs, but degree of destabilization will largely be
    modulated substantially by the ongoing thunderstorms. Where the
    airmass can remain unperturbed into the afternoon, strong deep-layer
    shear anticipated across the region would support strong/organized
    updrafts, and thus risk for damaging winds and a few tornadoes. At
    this time, the most likely axis where conditions may become most
    favorable for a more substantial severe risk appears to exist from
    the Mississippi Delta region, east-northeast across northern
    Mississippi and parts of western Tennessee, and into the Tennessee Valley/northwest Alabama. However, with any corridors of higher
    risk dependent upon details with respect to the evolution of the
    storms, will refrain from introducing any 30% probability contours
    at this time.

    While severe risk should wane with storms spreading east-northeast
    into the Midwest, where instability should remain minimal, threat
    may linger overnight across portions of the central Gulf Coast
    region near the sagging front -- particularly if this region remains
    largely unaffected by earlier storms.

    ..Goss.. 03/07/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 08, 2019 09:31:28
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    ------------=_1552033895-1983-13610
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    ACUS03 KWNS 080831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Fri Mar 08 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST TO EASTERN NC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur across parts of
    the Southeast to the Carolinas on Sunday. The overall severe threat
    appears marginal at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough over the Great Lakes and New England Sunday
    morning is forecast to move northeastward into eastern Canada
    through the period. An occluding surface low should also develop
    northeastward over eastern ON into QC by Sunday evening. A trailing
    front extending southeastward from this low will likely make little
    southward progress across much of the Southeast, although it should
    move eastward off the NC/SC coast late Sunday night.

    ...Deep South to the Carolinas...
    Other than weak low-level convergence along the front, little in the
    way of other large-scale forcing mechanisms is evident to support
    convection across much of the Deep South on Sunday. Mid-level
    heights are forecast to either rise slightly or remain neutral
    across this region. Most guidance shows at least isolated
    thunderstorms forming along the front by the afternoon, and modestly
    enhanced mid-level flow coupled with generally weak instability
    should tend to limit the severe threat. Even so, some potential for
    isolated strong to severe thunderstorms producing occasional wind
    damage remains across the warm sector. A slightly better potential
    severe risk may exist across eastern NC and vicinity Sunday morning
    as mid-level flow is forecast to be a little stronger across this
    region compared to locations farther south.

    ..Gleason.. 03/08/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 09, 2019 08:57:35
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    ------------=_1552118257-1983-14116
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090757
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090756

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0156 AM CST Sat Mar 09 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHEASTERN NM INTO WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms may occur Monday evening/night across
    parts of the southern High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging should amplify over much of the central CONUS on
    Monday, with an expansive surface high remaining across much of the central/eastern states through the period. A stalled front should
    extend from vicinity of the FL/GA border westward along/near the
    Gulf Coast. Isolated thunderstorms may occur Monday along this
    boundary, but both instability and shear are not currently expected
    to be strong enough to support a meaningful severe threat. Farther
    west, a closed upper low off the coast of CA should develop slowly east-southeastward to the Baja Peninsula and lower CO River Valley
    by the end of the period.

    ...Southeastern NM into west TX...
    Low-level moisture return will likely occur in earnest Monday
    evening and night across much of TX into eastern NM ahead of the
    approaching upper low as a southwesterly low-level jet quickly
    strengthens across this area. A plume of steep mid-level lapse rates
    emanating from the higher terrain of northern Mexico should
    overspread the southern High Plains by Monday evening, and
    instability will likely increase across this region late in the
    period. Strong mid-level southwesterly winds should also spread
    northeastward over NM and west TX, with forecast values of effective
    bulk shear supporting organized updrafts. There remains a fair
    amount of uncertainty in model guidance regarding the quality of the
    low-level moisture return with westward and northward extent across
    the southern High Plains. Still, MUCAPE potentially exceeding 1000
    J/kg in combination with the strong shear could encourage elevated
    supercells, mainly Monday evening/night from parts of southeastern
    NM into west TX. If this occurs, isolated large hail would probably
    be the main threat.

    ..Gleason.. 03/09/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 10, 2019 08:57:42
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552204664-1983-15081
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    ACUS03 KWNS 100757
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100756

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0156 AM CST Sun Mar 10 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms may occur on Tuesday across parts of
    the southern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A closed upper low over the Baja Peninsula and lower CO River Valley
    Tuesday morning will move east-northeastward across the Southern
    Plains while developing into a negatively tilted shortwave trough.
    Surface high pressure initially centered over the OH Valley should
    shift eastward to the Mid-Atlantic and New England through the
    period. Strong forcing for ascent associated with the shortwave
    trough will encourage lee cyclogenesis across the southern/central
    High Plains by late Tuesday afternoon, with the primary surface
    cyclone eventually consolidating over eastern CO/western KS late
    Tuesday night.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Isolated to scattered convection should be ongoing across parts of
    the Southwest into the southern High Plains Tuesday morning.
    Low-level moisture will likely spread westward across the southern
    Plains through the day, with some diurnal heating probable across
    the higher terrain of west TX into southeastern NM. Convective
    initiation across this region should occur by late Tuesday afternoon
    as parcels reach their convective temperatures and pronounced
    forcing for ascent attendant to the shortwave trough overspreads
    this region. Strong shear and potentially moderate instability would
    support isolated supercells with large hail with this initial
    development.

    As a Pacific cold front overtakes the warm sector across the
    southern High Plains by Tuesday evening, an increase in convective
    coverage will likely occur. Strong to damaging winds would likely be
    the main threat with this squall line as it moves eastward across
    the southern Plains through the late evening and overnight hours. A
    tornado or two could also occur with strong low-level shear forecast
    to be present ahead of the line. Instability is forecast to
    gradually decrease with eastward extent across central/east TX, and
    some lessening of the damaging-wind risk should likewise occur late
    in the period.

    The primary forecast uncertainty remains the degree of low-level
    moisture return across the southern Plains through Tuesday evening.
    The 00Z GFS/ECMWF show higher surface dewpoints farther north into
    OK and west into eastern NM compared to the NAM. Additional
    adjustments to the northern extent of the Marginal and Slight risk
    areas will likely be needed once the potential for surface-based
    convection becomes clearer across the TX/OK Panhandles into
    western/central OK.

    ..Gleason.. 03/10/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 11, 2019 08:31:50
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    ------------=_1552289512-1983-15869
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Mon Mar 11 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF CENTRAL/EAST TX TO THE LOWER/MID MS VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms may occur from parts of
    central/east Texas to the lower/mid Mississippi Valley on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A negatively tilted shortwave trough initially over the southern
    High Plains should evolve into a closed upper low over the central
    Plains and Upper Midwest on Wednesday. Continued northward low-level
    moisture transport will occur across east TX into the lower/mid MS
    Valley through the period as a northeastward-moving surface low
    occludes in tandem with the upper trough/low.

    ...East TX into the Lower/Mid MS Valley...
    A line of thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the start of the
    period across parts of central/east TX along a cold front extending
    southward from the previously mentioned surface low. Even though a
    moist low-level airmass should be in place ahead of this convection,
    weak low/mid-level lapse rates should tend to limit instability
    across most of the warm sector. Still, there appears to be potential
    for some restrengthening of the line as it encounters a weakly
    unstable airmass across east TX into LA and AR Wednesday afternoon.
    Isolated strong to damaging winds will probably be the main threat
    given the likely linear nature of the convection. An embedded QLCS
    tornado cannot be ruled out either with strong low-level shear
    forecast to be present across the warm sector. Due mainly to the
    poor thermodynamic environment expected, the potential for a more
    concentrated corridor of wind damage currently appears too conditional/uncertain to include any more than a Marginal risk. The
    northern extent of surface-based thunderstorm potential will likely
    be constrained by the presence of lower to mid 60s surface dewpoints
    across the mid MS Valley. Convection should spread eastward into
    parts of MS and western TN Wednesday evening with a continued
    marginal wind threat.

    ..Gleason.. 03/11/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 12, 2019 08:30:57
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552375861-1983-16092
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 120730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue Mar 12 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    MS...TN AND AL...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms are possible from the central Gulf
    Coast to the Lower Ohio Valley on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The potent mid/upper level trough extending from the Upper Midwest
    to the Ozark Plateau vicinity on Thursday morning will migrate
    east/northeast across the central U.S. The strong surface cyclone
    over IA will weaken some while tracking northeast in tandem with the
    mid/upper level trough toward the Great Lakes. Convection will be
    ongoing at the beginning of the period along/just ahead of the
    surface cold front from near DVN southward along the Mid/Lower MS
    Valley. As the boundary shifts eastward through the afternoon and
    evening, strong to severe thunderstorms will be possible from the
    central Gulf Coast states toward Lake Michigan.

    ...Deep South/TN Valley Vicinity...

    Mid-to-upper 60s F dewpoints are expected as far north as
    western/middle TN through Thursday afternoon. Ongoing convection and
    cloud cover will limit daytime heating. In conjunction with modest
    lapse rates, only weak instability is expected. However, shear will
    continue to be impressive, even as the surface low and midlevel
    trough continue to lift northeast. As a result, a threat for
    isolated to widely scattered strong to severe thunderstorms will
    exist across the warm sector. Flow is expected to be mostly parallel
    to the frontal boundary, suggesting mainly linear storm mode leading
    to a damaging wind threat. Forecast soundings indicate potentially
    greater tornado threat (though still low) compared to Wednesday
    given marginally better moisture and midlevel lapse rates. But given
    expected linear storm mode, QLCS mesovortices will be the main
    mechanism for severe production across the Slight risk area with
    damaging wind and perhaps a tornado.

    ...Lower OH Valley to Lake Michigan Vicinity...

    At least a marginal threat for damaging wind gusts is expected to
    extend northward into parts of KY/IL/IN/OH and southern MI where 50s
    to near 60 F dewpoints are expected to materialize. Poor lapse rates
    and weak instability will limit vigorous updrafts in this location
    as well. However, intense shear in the presence of MUCAPE as high
    as 500 J/kg could still support a damaging wind threat through
    Thursday evening as a narrow, but fast-moving line of convection
    tracks eastward across the region.

    ..Leitman.. 03/12/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 13, 2019 08:23:03
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1552461786-1983-16507
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 130722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Wed Mar 13 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Showers and thunderstorms are possible from the southeastern U.S.
    toward the Mid-Atlantic region on Friday. Severe thunderstorms are
    not expected at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper trough over the Upper Midwest and Mid-MS Valley Friday
    morning will shift east across the Midwest toward New England by
    Saturday morning. Surface low pressure over western Quebec will
    continue to slowly drift northeast and the trailing cold front from
    the lower Great Lakes to the central Gulf Coast will continue to
    proceed eastward. The cold front should mostly be offshore the
    Atlantic Coast by Saturday morning, except where it arcs
    southwestward across northern FL and into the central Gulf of
    Mexico. Strong deep layer shear will persist ahead of the upper
    trough, though instability will be limited where stronger forcing
    resides from the Mid-Atlantic northward. This will limit both
    thunderstorm and severe potential across PA/NY and into New England.


    Further south, warm advection on strong south/southwesterly flow
    level flow will bring low-to-mid 60s F dewpoints northward across
    GA/SC, with mid 50s to near 60 F dewpoints overspreading the NC/VA
    Piedmont vicinity. Some stronger heating of this region could lead
    to an isolated strong storm or two, but weak forcing, marginal deep
    layer shear and limited instability is expected to preclude
    organized severe potential as this time.

    ..Leitman.. 03/13/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 14, 2019 08:01:07
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    ------------=_1552546872-1983-17860
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    ACUS03 KWNS 140701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Thu Mar 14 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible Saturday afternoon across central
    and southern portions of the Florida peninsula.

    ...Synopsis...
    Strong surface high pressure will dominate much of the CONUS on
    Saturday. The southern extent of a cold front off the Atlantic coast
    will drop southward across the FL peninsula and move deeper into the
    Gulf of Mexico. Showers and a few thunderstorms will be possible
    across central/southern FL as the front passes. Otherwise, dry and
    stable boundary layer conditions are expected across the rest of the
    U.S.

    ..Leitman.. 03/14/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 16, 2019 07:34:53
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    ACUS03 KWNS 160634
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160633

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0133 AM CDT Sat Mar 16 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are expected across the continental U.S. Monday.

    ...Discussion...

    A large area of continental-polar high pressure will persist over
    the eastern half of the U.S., maintaining offshore winds over the
    Gulf and stable conditions inland.

    ..Dial.. 03/16/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 17, 2019 08:30:29
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    ------------=_1552807831-1983-19900
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sun Mar 17 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms will be possible over a portion of the central
    and southern Rockies Tuesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Central through northern Rockies region...

    A northern-stream shortwave trough will advance southeast through
    the northern and central High Plains during the day, promoting the
    southward advance of a cold front that should extend from the upper
    MS Valley southwest into northern NM by Tuesday evening. Very cold
    temperatures aloft accompanying the upper trough and diabatic
    heating during the day will contribute to very steep lapse rates and
    weak instability over the high terrain. This environment might
    support a few thunderstorms during the late afternoon and evening,
    primarily within the evolving, weak post-frontal upslope regime from
    southern CO into northern NM.

    ...Central Plains region...

    Additional showers will likely develop within baroclinic zone from
    KS into the TX panhandle. However, at this time, it appears the
    thermodynamic environment will probably remain too marginal for
    thunderstorms.

    ..Dial.. 03/17/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 18, 2019 08:24:34
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    ------------=_1552893876-1983-20163
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    ACUS03 KWNS 180724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Mon Mar 18 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorms are expected over a portion of the
    southwestern U.S. Wednesday.

    ...Southwestern States...

    Synoptic upper trough will advance inland through CA Wednesday,
    continuing into the Great Basin Wednesday night. Cold temperatures
    aloft with -24 to -26 C at 500 mb and pockets of diabatic heating
    will steepen lapse rates supporting 200-400 J/kg MLCAPE. Forcing for
    ascent attending embedded vorticity maxima along with modest
    destabilization should support development of widely scattered
    thunderstorms within a more general area of showers during the day
    and continuing into the evening.

    ..Dial.. 03/18/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 19, 2019 08:21:10
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    ------------=_1552980076-1983-20396
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190719

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CDT Tue Mar 19 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are expected from the Great Basin southeastward
    toward the southern Rockies on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Severe potential will remain low on Thursday. A broad area of high
    pressure will migrate southward across the Plains, while a coastal
    low organizes along the coastline of the Mid-Atlantic. This surface
    pattern will prevent any deep moist advection across most areas of
    the Continental U.S. throughout the forecast period. Across the
    West, cool mid-level temperatures associated with a slow-moving
    mid-level low centered over southern Nevada will foster at least
    isolated thunderstorm development from portions of the Great Basin southeastward into portions of New Mexico and far west Texas.

    ..Cook.. 03/19/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 20, 2019 07:52:18
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    ------------=_1553064743-1983-20617
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200652
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200651

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0151 AM CDT Wed Mar 20 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop along the central
    and southern High Plains, especially during the afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An amplified, slowly evolving blocking pattern will persist through
    the forecast period, A long-wave trough will migrate eastward
    across the eastern U.S., while ridging persists across the center of
    the country. In the West, a weak cutoff low will migrate northward
    toward Montana, and another shortwave within the base of this trough
    will take on a negative tilt while ejecting toward the southern
    Rockies/High Plains. A longer-wave trough will approach the West
    Coast by the end of the period.

    At the surface, despite a second day of return flow of modified
    maritime air from the western Gulf toward the High Plains, only
    upper 40s/low 50s F dewpoints will reach western Kansas and the
    OK/TX Panhandles by evening. This moistening will occur along and
    just ahead of a surface trough on the western extent of this moist
    advection. A surface ridge along the extent of the Mississippi
    Valley will migrate slowly eastward over time while reinforcing
    relatively dry surface conditions across portions of the Southeast.

    Lift associated with the Rockies troughs and warm advection will
    foster scattered showers and a few thunderstorms early in the
    period, with a general increase in spatial extent of precipitation
    throughout the forecast period. Instability will remain limited
    owing to meager low-level moistening, although surface heating
    across portions of west Texas may result in enough buoyancy for an
    isolated severe threat with any linear segments that can materialize
    during peak heating hours. This threat is not currently high enough
    for any severe probabilities. Shower/thunderstorm activity should
    migrate eastward with time, reaching western Oklahoma and perhaps
    north Texas overnight.

    ..Cook.. 03/20/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 21, 2019 07:56:26
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    ------------=_1553151392-1972-210
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210656
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210655

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CDT Thu Mar 21 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered showers and thunderstorms are expected across the central
    and southern Plains and also across portions of Oregon, northern
    California, and northwestern Nevada on Saturday. Any appreciable
    severe threat should remain low.

    ...Synopsis...
    The overall synoptic pattern should deamplify throughout the
    forecast period as a central U.S. trough weakens and lifts northward
    and a longwave trough across the East reaches the Atlantic. Broad,
    quasi-zonal flow will become established across the Desert Southwest
    and southern Rockies, while a shortwave trough migrates
    northeastward across Oregon and northwestern Nevada.

    At the surface, a weak low/trough over western Kansas will move
    slowly eastward during the day, while a high initially centered over
    the Ohio River Valley shifts eastward toward the central
    Appalachians. Between these two synoptic systems, a second day of
    moist advection will continue along an axis from south Texas to
    central Kansas, and a dryline will remain in place on the western
    edge of the moist airmass from southwestern Kansas
    south-southwestward toward the Big Bend area of Texas.

    Showers and isolated thunderstorms ongoing at the beginning of the
    period from Kansas to north Texas should move northeastward toward
    the Missouri Ozarks and vicinity over the course of the forecast
    period, leaving a lull in precipitation in the afternoon across much
    of the southern Plains. Along the dryline, surface heating and weak convergence may be enough for isolated convection to form late in
    the afternoon, although weak forcing for ascent, weak buoyancy, and
    capping should limit the extent of any development.

    Lastly, lift associated with the northwestern U.S. shortwave and
    very cold -28 to -30C 500 hPa temperatures should support occasional
    lightning strikes in that area throughout the forecast period.

    ..Cook.. 03/21/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 22, 2019 08:06:07
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    ------------=_1553238369-1972-611
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220706
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220705

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CDT Fri Mar 22 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA...FAR SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...WESTERN
    ARKANSAS...AND FAR NORTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms capable of large hail and damaging
    wind gusts are possible across eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas
    Sunday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    Predominantly zonal flow is anticipated across the southern third of
    the CONUS on Sunday. A low-amplitude shortwave trough (and attendant
    belt of enhanced mid-level flow) is expected to move through
    northern portions of the southern Plains Sunday afternoon and
    evening. A modestly moist air mass will likely be in place ahead of
    this shortwave trough across eastern OK and adjacent portions of
    western AR and northeast TX. Warm low to mid-level temperatures
    aloft resulting from persistent southwesterly flow aloft and
    antecedent precipitation will likely keep the region free of
    convection until the late afternoon/early evening. At that time,
    forcing for ascent tied to the approaching shortwave trough and a
    surging surface cold front will provide the lift necessary to
    initiate convection.

    Overall thermodynamic environment appears marginally supportive of surface-based storms with temperatures in the 70s, dewpoints in the
    upper 50s/low 60s and steep mid-level lapse rates (i.e. 700-500 mb
    lapse rates over 7 deg C per km). Flow aloft will be strengthening
    throughout the day, supporting moderate vertical shear (i.e. 0-6km
    bulk shear around 50 kt).

    All of these factors indicate a risk for severe thunderstorms
    beginning in the late afternoon and continuing through the evening.
    Severe threats are large hail and damaging wind gusts. A quick
    transition towards a more linear mode will limit the tornado
    potential.

    ..Mosier.. 03/22/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 23, 2019 08:01:14
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1553324477-1972-1243
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    ACUS03 KWNS 230701
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230700

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CDT Sat Mar 23 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Lower Mississippi
    Valley and Southeast States on Monday. Severe thunderstorm
    probability is currently less than 5%.

    ...Synopsis...
    Overall upper pattern is expected to amplify during the period as
    phased shortwave troughs drop southeastward through the middle and
    lower MS Valleys into the Southeast. Shortwave ridging should build
    while moving across the Intermountain West towards the Plains.
    Enhanced mid-level flow associated with the phased shortwaves will
    spread eastward across the Southeast with the jet maximum extending
    across the Lower MS Valley and central Gulf Coast.

    At the surface, a weak low will move southeastward across TN, the
    southern Appalachians, and the Carolinas while an associated cold
    front sweeps across the Southeast.

    ...Lower MS Valley/Southeast...
    A modestly moist and unstable air mass will be in place across the
    region ahead of the approaching front, with the best low-level
    moisture located across the Lower MS Valley. Thunderstorms are
    possible along the length of the front, but convective inhibition
    and limited frontal convergence amidst the weak instability will
    likely keep coverage isolated. Vertical shear is expected to be
    stronger across the Lower MS Valley, leading to a greater potential
    for a few strong storms. Severe probability is currently less than
    5%.

    ..Mosier.. 03/23/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 24, 2019 08:00:50
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    ------------=_1553410853-1972-1681
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240700
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240659

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0159 AM CDT Sun Mar 24 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not currently expected across the CONUS on
    Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Preceding frontal passage on Monday scoured out the favorable
    low-level moisture across much of the southern Plains and Southeast,
    with offshore flow preventing any return moisture. A shortwave
    trough will traverse the Southeast but this limited moisture and
    instability will preclude thunderstorm development. Some low-level
    moisture remains across FL and deep south TX but warm temperatures
    aloft and the lack of forcing for ascent should temper thunderstorm
    chances.

    Farther west, shortwave ridging will move across the Plains, while
    several low-amplitude shortwave troughs move through the strong
    southwesterly flow extending from off the central CA coast into the
    northern Rockies. Surface lee troughing will deepen across the
    central and southern High Plains and some modest moisture return is
    possible within the strengthening southerly/southeasterly winds.
    This increasing low-level moisture coupled with convergence along
    the lee trough and orographic enhancement will result in
    thunderstorm development during the afternoon and evening.

    A lightning strike or two is also possible across the interior
    valley of CA during the afternoon and evening and along the northern
    CA coast overnight. However, thunderstorm coverage is currently
    expected to be less than 10%.

    ..Mosier.. 03/24/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, March 25, 2019 08:26:31
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    ------------=_1553498799-1972-2082
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Mon Mar 25 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Pacific Northwest
    and northern California Wednesday. Isolated thunderstorms are also
    possible across the southern High Plains and central Plains
    Wednesday evening and overnight.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Overall upper pattern is not expected to undergo any significant
    changes on Wednesday. A compact shortwave trough extending from just
    off the Carolina coast through the central FL Peninsula at the
    beginning of the period will continue eastward farther offshore.
    Farther west, strong southwesterly flow will persist from CA across
    the Great Basin as upper low off the northern CA/Pacific Northwest
    coast remains largely in place. Several low-amplitude shortwave
    troughs will move within this southwesterly flow, providing the
    impetus for thunderstorm development within the steep-lapse-rate
    environment in place from central CA through western OR. Modest
    instability is expected to limit overall updraft strength and
    persistence. Even so, the strong vertical shear may compensate for
    the weak instability and a few more-organized storms may develop.
    These storms may be able to produce small hail. Limited coverage and anticipated sub-severe hail size preclude delineated any outlook
    areas.

    Lee troughing will continue to deepen across the central and
    southern High Plains, with eventual cyclogenesis across eastern CO.
    Large-scale ascent will be weak but convergence along the lee trough
    and near the surface low may provide enough lift for isolated
    thunderstorms during the afternoon and evening. Primary forecast
    uncertainty is the extent of air mass destabilization. Modest
    moisture advection will be ongoing, but mixing will likely keep
    dewpoints in the low 50s. Steep lapse rates over the region would
    promote hail within any persistent updrafts. Isolated thunderstorms
    are also possible later in the evening and overnight as warm-air
    advection strengthens. Uncertainty remains too high to delineate any
    areas with this outlook but areas may be needed in subsequent
    outlooks, if confidence in sufficient storm coverage increases.

    ..Mosier.. 03/25/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, March 26, 2019 07:59:04
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    ------------=_1553583548-1972-2443
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260658
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260658

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CDT Tue Mar 26 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A strong thunderstorm may occur over parts of Kansas and Oklahoma on
    Thursday evening or Thursday night but an area of organized severe thunderstorms is not currently expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid-level trough over the western U.S. will gradually move
    east on Thursday. An associated belt of strong flow will extend
    through the base of the trough from the eastern Pacific through the
    Four Corners and into the central High Plains. In the low levels, a
    frontal zone associated with a disturbance moving across the Upper
    Great Lakes into Ontario will become draped across the southern
    Great Lakes west-southwestward to a low/triple point over northwest
    OK. Southerly low-level flow over the southern Great Plains will
    contribute to moistening with upper 50s to near 60 degrees F
    dewpoints east of a dryline and south of the front. A stout capping
    inversion will likely inhibit convective development during the day
    in the warm sector to the east/southeast of the triple point.
    Thursday night storm development seems more probable, both in an
    upslope regime into the central High Plains and near/north of the
    surface front, as a warm advection regime develops over the central
    Plains. Steep 700-500mb lapse rates may contribute to a stronger
    updraft capable of hail growth within this corridor, but the
    marginal character/limited coverage precludes an outlook area at
    this time.

    ..Smith.. 03/26/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, March 27, 2019 08:21:10
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    ------------=_1553671277-1972-2676
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    ACUS03 KWNS 270721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Wed Mar 27 2019

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    CENTRAL AND EASTERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible over parts of Oklahoma beginning
    Friday afternoon and persisting into Friday night. Large hail and
    severe gusts are the primary threats.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough over the Central Rockies Friday morning will move
    east to the Ozark Plateau by Saturday morning. An attendant speed
    max is forecast to nose eastward into the southern High Plains by
    the late afternoon, however, models have generally tended slower
    with this feature compared to previous guidance. In the low levels,
    a frontal zone will extend northeast from a triple point forecast to
    be located over OK during the late afternoon.

    ...OK vicinity...
    Southerly low-level flow and moistening of the boundary layer may
    result in an area of showers and thunderstorms Friday morning over
    eastern KS/MO within a zone of warm advection. Models indicate the
    possibility for low clouds over eastern OK delaying or inhibiting
    greater surface heating as a stout capping inversion thwarts
    surface-based development through mid afternoon over OK. However,
    the arrival of weak mid-level height falls by the 21-03z period will
    seemingly favor convection preferentially developing near and north
    of the front, with storm coverage in question south along the
    dryline. Very steep 700-500mb lapse rates in excess of 8 degrees
    C/km and cool mid-level temperatures will promote hail growth with
    any sustained/robust storm early in the convective life cycle.
    Additional storm development is expected during the evening as a LLJ intensifies over eastern OK with the severe hazard transitioning to
    wind.

    ..Smith.. 03/27/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, March 28, 2019 07:48:47
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    ------------=_1553755730-1972-2989
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    ACUS03 KWNS 280648
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280648

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0148 AM CDT Thu Mar 28 2019

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    NORTHERN HALF OF MISSISSIPPI AND EASTERN ARKANSAS NORTH INTO WESTERN KENTUCKY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Saturday
    from parts of the lower Mississippi Valley and lower Ohio Valley.
    Damaging gusts appear to be the primary hazard.

    ...Lower MS Valley into western KY...
    A mid-level trough over the Ozarks will phase with a northern
    stream, larger-scale trough digging into the Great Lakes on
    Saturday. A surface low initially over the OH Valley will rapidly
    develop northeast into Quebec by early Sunday as an elongated cold
    front pushes east across portions of the Mid South/MS Valley.
    Surface ridging in the northeast Gulf of Mexico suggests moisture
    quality will be lacking in the pre-frontal warm sector.
    Nonetheless, showers and thunderstorms are forecast to continue
    through the morning over the Ozarks into the OH Valley with other
    diurnal development possible farther south in the lower MS Valley.
    Strong west-southwesterly mid-level flow may contribute to some
    convective line organization. Isolated damaging gusts may accompany
    the stronger storms.

    ..Smith.. 03/28/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, March 29, 2019 07:41:54
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1553841717-1972-3309
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    ACUS03 KWNS 290641
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290640

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0140 AM CDT Fri Mar 29 2019

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe threat appears low Sunday.

    ...Discussion...

    Large-scale pattern is not expected to favor organized severe
    thunderstorms Sunday. Even so, isolated thunderstorms are expected
    to develop across portions of the US from the Four-Corners region of
    the interior west, across southwest TX, and the Gulf
    Coast/Southeast.

    Early in the period, weak buoyancy is expected to reside along the
    Gulf Coast into the Carolinas ahead of a pronounced cold front.
    Entrance region of mid-level jet could enhance convective potential
    along/just behind the wind shift as it surges into the northern Gulf
    basin and off the southeastern coast.

    Upstream, strong mid-level speed max is forecast to dig southeast
    across AZ into the Big Bend region of west TX during the overnight
    hours before approaching south-central TX late. Along/north of this
    jet, steepening lapse rates will contribute to instability
    sufficient for convection. Lightning should be noted with the
    strongest updrafts. As the jet approaches the Edwards Plateau over
    TX, strengthening warm advection profiles suggest elevated
    thunderstorms will evolve after midnight within exit region of the
    jet.

    ..Darrow.. 03/29/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, March 30, 2019 07:29:33
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1553927379-1972-3558
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300629
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300628

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 AM CDT Sat Mar 30 2019

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected near the Gulf Coast and the
    northern California Coast Monday.

    ...Gulf Coast...

    Strong mid-level short-wave trough is forecast to dig southeast
    across the southern Plains to the upper TX Coast by 02/00z.
    Subsequently, this feature should eject along the central Gulf Coast
    by the end of the period. In response to this feature, a surface low
    should evolve over the central Gulf basin during the latter half of
    the period which will then track northeast along a stalled synoptic
    boundary and remain well west of the FL Peninsula through sunrise
    Tuesday morning. Even so, isolated thunderstorms are expected to
    develop near the coast along the cool side of the boundary.
    Large-scale forcing for ascent will be enhanced within the exit
    region of a pronounced mid-level jet which is expected to aid
    elevated convection from west to east through the period.

    ...Northern CA Coast...

    Notable short-wave trough is expected to approach the northern CA
    Coast Tuesday evening. A corridor of moisture/weak buoyancy should
    extend across northern CA ahead of this feature in conjunction with
    a weak frontal zone. Forecast soundings suggest the strongest
    convection could produce a few lightning strikes.

    ..Darrow.. 03/30/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, March 31, 2019 07:39:08
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554014354-1972-3963
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    ACUS03 KWNS 310639
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310638

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CDT Sun Mar 31 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE FL
    PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe threat will increase across the Florida Peninsula Tuesday
    morning into mid afternoon.

    ...FL Peninsula...

    Strong short-wave trough will approach the FL Peninsula early in the
    day3 period. Large-scale forcing for ascent will spread across the
    eastern Gulf basin ahead of this feature and a plume of higher PW
    and buoyancy is forecast to spread across the peninsula early
    Tuesday. Most significant destabilization will occur prior to
    deepening westerly flow ahead of a pronounced cold front. Latest NAM
    model guidance suggests mid-upper 60s surface dew points will return
    to regions south of a stalled synoptic front. This should result in
    ample surface-based instability for robust thunderstorm development.
    Forecast soundings suggest environmental shear/buoyancy will prove
    favorable for organized rotating updrafts and possible supercell
    development. The introduction of 5% severe probs appears warranted
    to account for early-day supercell threat that should linger into
    the mid afternoon hours. Westerly flow is expected to
    deepen/strengthen ahead of a surging cold front as surface low
    refocuses off the northern FL Atlantic coast.

    ..Darrow.. 03/31/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 01, 2019 07:45:12
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    ------------=_1554101114-1972-4211
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010644
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010643

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0143 AM CDT Mon Apr 01 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN
    OK...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are expected across western Oklahoma
    Wednesday afternoon and evening. A few strong storms may develop
    overnight across eastern Oklahoma into Arkansas, and perhaps extreme
    north Texas.

    ...OK/AR...

    Strong mid-level speed max is forecast to dig into the TX south
    Plains Wednesday afternoon as associated short-wave trough shifts to
    the NM/TX border region. In response to this feature, lee surface
    low is expected to shift into the eastern TX Panhandle as dryline
    mixes to near the OK border shortly after peak heating. Seasonally
    cold 500mb temperatures (<-20C) are associated with this feature and
    a pronounced exit region of aforementioned jet will overspread the
    dryline by late afternoon. Latest model guidance is in reasonable
    agreement that lower-mid 50s surface dew points will advance across
    north TX into western OK prior to expected convective development.
    Forecast soundings near the dryline exhibit shear favorable for
    rotating updrafts and isolated supercells should develop as
    post-dryline low-level lapse rates approach dry adiabatic. Storms
    should mature across western OK with the primary threat being large
    hail. This activity is expected to spread east across OK toward AR
    as exit-region support shifts into AR. Southern-most extent of this
    activity could spread south of the Red River into north TX. Elevated
    convection may be strong during the overnight hours with some threat
    for hail given the steep lapse rates and gradual moistening at the
    top of the boundary layer.

    ..Darrow.. 04/01/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 02, 2019 07:31:20
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    ------------=_1554186681-1972-4386
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020631
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020630

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 AM CDT Tue Apr 02 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER
    MS VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe threat is expected to focus across the lower Mississippi
    Valley Thursday.

    ...Lower MS Valley...

    Low-latitude short-wave trough that is expected to progress across
    the southern Rockies toward the Arklatex region by 04/12z should
    deamplify a bit as it ejects toward the southern Appalachians during
    the overnight hours. Pronounced day2 lee trough will be dislodged
    east to a position from western AR into northeast TX during the
    afternoon. This boundary should serve as the focus for potential
    severe thunderstorm development as surface temperatures warm into
    the mid 70s near the wind shift. Prior to this scenario, early-day
    low-level warm advection should focus ascent across the northern
    half of the SLGT Risk region ahead of the short wave. Steep
    mid-level lapse-rate plume will overspread this region early and
    elevated convection that roots atop the boundary layer could produce
    hail. Latest model guidance suggests thunderstorm clusters will be
    the predominant mode early within the warm advection regime. Ample
    shear should support the possibility for at least isolated
    supercells. Per earlier reasoning, surface-based thunderstorms may
    develop near/just in the wake of ejecting short wave along weakening
    surface boundary. This activity would tend to spread southeast
    during the evening hours as mean flow becomes more westerly.

    ..Darrow.. 04/02/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 03, 2019 08:05:56
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554275161-1972-4653
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030705
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030704

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Wed Apr 03 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF WEST TX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong/severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of
    west Texas Friday.

    ...West TX...

    Southern stream is expected to remain fairly active through the day3
    period with a notable short-wave trough forecast to eject across
    northern Mexico into far west TX Friday evening. In response to this
    feature, old surface boundary that stalls over central TX will lift
    north toward the Red River by the end of the period. Higher quality boundary-layer air mass is expected to loiter across central/south
    TX with 60s surface dew points likely surging into portions of
    west-central TX to the east of a developing dryline. Strong
    boundary-layer heating from the Big Bend region into the TX South
    Plains suggest convective temperatures will be breached by late
    afternoon. Isolated supercells are possible along with some elevated
    strong storms after dark.

    ..Darrow.. 04/03/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 04, 2019 07:39:36
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554359979-1972-4937
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 040639
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040638

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CDT Thu Apr 04 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM TX INTO THE
    LOWER MS VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Broad corridor of potential severe will be noted across Texas,
    Louisiana, Arkansas, and southeast Oklahoma. Hail, wind, and
    tornadoes are possible. A few strong storms may also develop across
    the central High Plains.

    ...TX to Mid-South...

    Low-latitude short-wave trough is forecast to eject across northern
    Mexico into south-central TX by the start of the day3 period. Latest
    NAM and FV3 agree on the general timing of this feature, though the
    FV3 is a bit farther north. Considerable amount of convection is
    expected Friday night across portions of TX and storms will likely
    be ongoing at the beginning of the period. Latest thinking is
    steepest mid-level lapse rates will be overturned Friday night into
    Saturday morning but ample moisture/buoyancy will lift north across
    the ArkLaTex as a warm front advances north in response to the
    ejecting short wave. Strong 500mb speed max is forecast to translate
    across central TX into AR which will encourage organized convection
    and embedded supercells within a larger complex of storms. Forecast
    soundings favor deep rotating updrafts and while supercells should
    evolve, organized line segments may be common, along with clusters
    due to warm advection. Overall, day3 convective scenario appears
    complex and should generate a diversity of severe threats, including
    hail, wind, and tornadoes.

    ...Central High Plains...

    Modified boundary-layer moisture will return across the central High
    Plains as a sharp lee trough/front materializes from south-central
    SD into eastern CO by late afternoon. Latest guidance suggests
    strong boundary-layer heating will be noted from the Black Hills
    region into eastern NM. Heating near the surface trough should allow
    surface parcels to reach their convective temperatures and isolated thunderstorms are expected by late afternoon. Hail is the primary
    risk with this diurnally driven convection.

    ..Darrow.. 04/04/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 05, 2019 08:25:43
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554449146-1972-5195
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Fri Apr 05 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM A PORTION OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...LOWER TO MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND
    TENNESSEE AND OHIO VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible Sunday from a portion of the Southern
    Plains through the lower and middle Mississippi Valleys into the
    Tennessee and Ohio Valleys.

    ...Southern Plains, the Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio Valleys...

    By 12Z Sunday a large warm sector will reside south of a warm front
    that will extend from eastern KS Through MO and the southern OH and
    TN Valleys. A cold front should stretch from the upper MS valley to
    northwest TX with a dryline southward through the western portions
    of central TX into the Big Bend region. A northern-stream shortwave
    trough initially over the central Plains will deamplify as it moves
    more rapidly eastward through the Great Lakes and OH Valley, while a southern-stream shortwave trough moves slowly from TX into the lower
    MS Valley.

    Areas of clouds, showers and thunderstorms will likely be ongoing
    within a broad zone of warm advection downstream from these
    features. This is resulting in considerable uncertainty regarding
    where the best destabilization will occur during the day. Model
    differences also exist with details regarding placement of upper
    speed maxima and low-level jet features. Nevertheless, pockets of destabilization and diabatic heating will be possible over portions
    of the warm sector where vertical wind profiles will support storm organization. It is likely that additional storms will develop
    within the warm sector during the day as well as along the cold
    front/dryline farther west across a portion of TX and OK. Activity
    will spread east and northeast during the period. While vertical
    wind profiles with 35-45 kt effective bulk shear should promote some
    organized storms, mixed storm modes are likely including potential
    for clusters, lines and some supercell structures. Given the
    considerable uncertainty regarding impact of potential early
    convection along with mesoscale model differences, will introduce a
    broad slight risk area this outlook and refine in later updates as
    mesoscale details become more evident.

    ..Dial.. 04/05/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 06, 2019 08:17:52
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554535076-1972-5420
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    ACUS03 KWNS 060717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Sat Apr 06 2019

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A PORTION
    OF THE SOUTHEAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms will be possible over the southeastern U.S. on
    Monday with damaging wind the main threat.

    ...Southeast States...

    A split-flow regime will persist over the eastern Half of the U.S.
    on Monday, with primary feature of interest being a southern-stream
    shortwave trough that should be situated over the lower MS Valley
    Monday morning. Models continue to show run to run inconsistency
    with regard to the speed and strength of this feature, with the
    recent run of the ECMWF trending considerably weaker. A large, moist
    warm sector with surface dewpoints generally in the mid to upper 60s
    F will reside over the Southeastern States. It is likely that areas
    of showers and thunderstorms will be ongoing over the lower MS
    Valley within corridor of deeper ascent. Moreover, widespread clouds
    are also likely downstream across much of the warm sector. Mid-level
    lapse rates will remain modest, but pockets of heating could boost
    MLCAPE to 1000-1500 J/kg. The stronger low to mid-level wind fields
    advertised in the NAM and GFS suggest a greater severe threat as
    storms develop eastward during the day. However, latest ECMWF would
    indicate minimal severe risk due its much weaker trough and
    associated winds/vertical shear. Given these model differences and
    the anticipated modest thermodynamic environment, will introduce
    only a marginal risk area for this outlook.

    ..Dial.. 04/06/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 07, 2019 07:29:59
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554622203-1972-5766
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    ACUS03 KWNS 070729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sun Apr 07 2019

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    GEORGIA INTO THE FLORIDA PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms will be possible from southern GA into
    the FL Peninsula Tuesday with damaging wind the main threat.

    ...Southeastern Georgia through the Florida Peninsula...

    Southern-stream upper trough will continue east through GA, north FL
    and off the southeast Atlantic seaboard later Tuesday. Models differ
    on timing of this feature with NAM being slower than the ECMWF and
    GFS. In either case a cold front will accompany the trough into the
    northern FL Peninsula. With surface dewpoints from the mid 60s to
    near 70 F, the pre-frontal warm sector should become moderately
    unstable with 1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE. A low-mid level jet
    accompanying the shortwave trough will spread through northern FL
    during the day with wind profiles sufficient for some organization
    as storms develop southeast along the conveyor belt. Primary risk
    should be isolated damaging wind gusts into the afternoon. Will
    introduce marginal risk category this outlook, but continue to
    evaluate for a possible slight risk in future updates.

    ..Dial.. 04/07/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 08, 2019 07:34:08
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    ------------=_1554708853-1972-6252
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 080734
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080733

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Mon Apr 08 2019

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER A SMALL
    PORTION OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms with large hail and damaging wind the
    main threats will be possible Wednesday afternoon and evening from
    northeast Kansas into southeast Nebraska.

    ...Northeast Kansas through southeast Nebraska...

    Consensus among models is that the strong shortwave trough now over
    the eastern Pacific will to emerge over the central High Plains
    inducing a deep cyclone. Wednesday morning the surface low should be
    over western KS, and will develop east and northeast during the
    period within a strong upper jet exit region, reaching northeast KS
    later Wednesday night. A Pacific front will merge with the dryline
    over western KS during the afternoon, while a quasi-stationary or
    warm front extends east near the KS/NE border. It still appears
    limited low-level moisture with 50-55 F dewpoints will serve as a
    limiting factor for a more significant and widespread severe threat.
    But cold air aloft and steep lapse rates may still support 500-1000
    J/kg MUCAPE. Warmer air in base of an eastward-expanding elevated
    mixed layer should cap the warm sector and limit thunderstorm
    development southward along the dryline. However, strong forcing
    within upper jet exit region and convergence near the triple point
    might promote a severe storm (supercell or two) by early evening
    near and northeast of the surface low. During the evening a
    low-level jet strengthening to in excess of 60 kt will promote
    strong isentropic ascent, and storms will develop along and north of
    the warm front with large hail the main threat into early-mid
    evening.

    ..Dial.. 04/08/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 09, 2019 07:20:47
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    ------------=_1554794449-1972-6701
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    ACUS03 KWNS 090720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090719

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CDT Tue Apr 09 2019

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    ILLINOIS AND INDIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms capable of damaging wind gusts are possible
    in Illinois/Indiana and western Kentucky Thursday afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...
    A vigorous mid-level disturbance - initially centered over Nebraska
    at the start of the period - will maintain its intensity while
    lifting northward toward the western Great Lakes region Thursday.
    On the southern and eastern periphery of this disturbance, a belt of
    very strong (80-100 kt) mid-level flow will shift eastward,
    overspreading portions of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys.
    Meanwhile at the surface, a deeply occluded low will migrate from
    eastern Nebraska into southern Minnesota. A low-level moist axis - characterized by 50s F dewpoints - will shift eastward just ahead of
    a cold front that should reach western Illinois, southeastern
    Missouri, and eastern Arkansas by the early evening.

    ...Portions of the Midwest southward to western Kentucky...
    The combination of strong forcing/ascent associated with the
    mid-level disturbance and cold front will likely result in evolution
    of a linear convective complex that should progress
    eastward/northeastward across the Marginal and Slight Risk areas
    Thursday afternoon. Surface-based instability should be marginal
    owing to poor mid-level lapse rates, although very strong wind
    fields aloft (exceeding 90-100 kts above 650 mb across the region)
    will enhance convective downdraft potential and result in a risk of
    damaging wind gusts. This threat should mainly be diurnally driven,
    with weakening buoyancy limiting the severe threat with eastward
    extent overnight.

    ..Cook.. 04/09/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 10, 2019 07:30:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1554881457-1972-7040
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 100730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed Apr 10 2019

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe hail is possible early Saturday morning across
    portions of Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A vigorous mid-level system centered initially over Minnesota will
    gradually shift northeastward toward Lake Superior. As this occurs,
    a belt of strong mid-level flow will shift northward and generally
    extend from areas north of the Ohio Valley into southeastern Canada.
    As this occurs, another deep trough will amplify southeastward into
    the southern Rockies. Between these two systems, shortwave ridging
    will take hold from Oklahoma toward the Lower Mississippi River
    Valley.

    At the surface, a front will extend from IN/OH south-southwest
    toward southern LA/southeast TX initially. This front will make
    some eastward progress toward the Appalachians throughout the day,
    but begin to stall across the Deep South as an occluded low near the
    Great Lakes and mid-level forcing move toward Canada away from the
    boundary. Upstream, this boundary will begin to retreat northward
    late in response to the approaching southern Rockies mid-level wave,
    with upper 60s F dewpoints becoming common across the warm sector in
    TX/LA through 12Z Saturday.

    ...Central and Southern Appalachians...
    Convection should be ongoing at the beginning of the period across
    IN/OH and will likely be tied to the front given relatively poor
    mid-level lapse rates across the region. With time, models depict
    that bands of convection will evolve eastward toward the central
    Appalachians, with limited surface heating resulting in only modest surface-based instability. With forcing for ascent lifting away
    from the region and poor mid-level lapse rates, it appears that any
    severe risk will be tied to any linear complexes that can develop
    toward the Appalachians during peak heating. This risk appears
    limited enough to withhold any probabilities for now.

    ...Texas...
    The approaching mid-level wave and attendant cyclogenesis near the
    Rio Grande will result in a northward-moving warm front late in the
    period, with mid 60s to near 70F dewpoints becoming common beneath a
    stout elevated mixed layer. Models develop scattered convection
    along and north of the front along an axis from west-central Texas
    into northern LA/southern AR in an environment containing steep
    mid-level lapse rates (8-8.5 deg C/km) and strong deep shear
    supporting organization. A risk of hail will probably exist with
    the strongest storms, although the extent of convection will likely
    be tied to timing of the approaching mid-level wave and associated
    ascent. Surface-based development south of the front appears
    unlikely through the end of the forecast period at this time, though
    any faster trends with mid-level wave timing may result in
    warm-sector development and a heightened risk of all modes of
    severe.

    ..Cook.. 04/10/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 11, 2019 07:21:03
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    ------------=_1554967269-1972-7874
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    ACUS03 KWNS 110720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Thu Apr 11 2019

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    TEXAS INTO LOUISIANA...SOUTHERN ARKANSAS...AND FAR WESTERN
    MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous severe thunderstorms are expected across portions of east
    Texas, Louisiana, southern Arkansas, and Mississippi Saturday and
    Saturday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A vigorous mid-level trough initially over west Texas will shift
    eastward toward the Lower Mississippi Valley Saturday while taking
    on a slight negative tilt. As this occurs, a belt of strong (70-90
    kt) mid-level flow will overspread areas from the Sabine River
    Valley toward the Lower Mississippi River Valley. At the surface,
    an organizing low will migrate from central Texas toward the
    ArkLaTex through the afternoon as a warm front lifts northward
    toward southern Arkansas and the Mid-South region. South of this
    front, a warm, moist airmass (characterized by upper 60s to 70F
    dewpoints) will become established. South of the low, a cold front
    will shift eastward - potentially reaching western Alabama by 12Z
    Sunday.

    ...East Texas through western Alabama...
    Models indicate ongoing convection at the start of the period across
    north Texas, which may pose a risk for hail given steep mid-level
    lapse rates in that area. Through the day, storms will gradually
    become more widespread across Arkansas and Louisiana through midday
    and toward evening. Weak to moderate buoyancy, strong deep shear,
    and backed low-level winds will favor all modes of severe, with
    tornadoes and damaging wind gusts being the primary threats.
    Particularly concerning is the hint in nearly all guidance that
    convection will develop within the free warm sector well removed
    from any fronts during peak heating hours. This scenario would
    likely result in potential for several tornadoes (a few significant)
    and damaging wind gusts assuming instability profiles verify as
    currently progged. Concerns remain regarding timing of the wave and
    subsequent convective development, with an overall westward trend
    apparent in convective evolution compared to yesterday's runs. Some
    continued disagreement also exists in most recent guidance with
    regard to eastward progression of convection. Instability may also
    become a limiting factor if too many storms form and result in
    unfavorable storm-scale interactions. Nevertheless, a synoptically
    evident severe weather episode appears likely to unfold - especially
    within the Enhanced Risk area.

    ..Cook.. 04/11/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 12, 2019 07:31:41
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    ------------=_1555054303-1972-8760
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    ACUS03 KWNS 120731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Apr 12 2019

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    OHIO AND WEST VIRGINIA SOUTHWARD INTO THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/severe thunderstorms are anticipated Sunday -- centered over
    the mid and upper Ohio Valley, and central and southern
    Appalachians.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid- and upper-level trough exiting the Plains early in the
    period is expected to advance steadily east across the Mississippi/Tennessee/Ohio Valleys and central Gulf Coast states,
    reaching a position from the lower Great Lakes to the southern Appalachians/Southeast late in the period.

    At the surface, a deepening low is forecast to shift east-northeast
    across the Ohio Valley through the day, and then across the central Appalachians to the Hudson Valley vicinity by the end of the period.
    Widespread thunderstorms -- and a broad severe risk -- will
    accompany this system.

    ...The Ohio Valley and central Appalachians south to the
    Southeast...
    Showers and thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing in a
    north-south band from Indiana to Alabama early in the period, ahead
    of the advancing cold front. As modest heating of a moistening
    pre-frontal warm sector commences, 500 to 1000 J/kg mixed-layer CAPE
    is expected to evolve ahead of the ongoing band of convection, from
    the Ohio Valley to the Gulf Coast. This should result in a gradual intensification of storms through the afternoon, aided by a very
    strong deep-layer wind field accompanying this storm system --
    including 80 to 100 kt south-southwest flow at mid levels.

    Primary storm mode is progged to be banded/loosely linear, with embedded/complex bows and rotating updrafts. Damaging winds will
    likely be the primary threat, though tornadoes will also be possible
    across much of the area -- particularly near and west of the
    mountains. Risk should diminish gradually through the evening,
    though local wind risk may persist through the end of the period.

    ..Goss.. 04/12/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 13, 2019 07:24:47
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555140292-1972-9358
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    ACUS03 KWNS 130724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sat Apr 13 2019

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected across the U.S. Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    As an upper trough sweeps off the East Coast on Monday, a
    flat/quasi-zonal flow field will prevail across much of the country
    for most of the period. However, short-wave troughing over the
    northeast Pacific reaching/crossing the West Coast states through
    the second half of the period will result in some amplification of
    the upper flow field over the West through Tuesday morning.

    At the surface, a cold front will vacate most of the Eastern
    Seaboard Monday morning, likely lingering only over parts of New
    England and south Florida/the Keys by noon. Later, a second cold
    front will move into the interior western U.S. during the second
    half of the period, as the aforementioned western upper trough
    shifts inland.

    Ahead of the western system, showers and sporadic lightning will be
    possible over portions of the Intermountain West. Later, some
    increase in warm advection will begin over the Plains, which may
    support some elevated convective development overnight -- possibly
    as far east as the Upper Midwest by the end of the period.

    In the East, thunderstorm activity may linger across parts of south
    Florida, the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Region, and New England early in
    the day, before clearing the coast entirely during the afternoon.
    In all areas, no severe weather is expected.

    ..Goss.. 04/13/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 14, 2019 07:30:55
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555227057-1972-9948
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 140730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Apr 14 2019

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not expected across the U.S. Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Relatively low-amplitude flow aloft will prevail across the eastern
    U.S. Tuesday, while in the West, an upper trough is expected to dig east-southeastward across the Great Basin and into the Four Corners
    states.

    As the upper system advances, a lee surface low is expected to
    develop over the central High Plains, and then migrate gradually
    eastward into the central Plains late in the period.

    Showers and isolated thunderstorms -- with lightning coverage
    greatest through the period of diurnal peak heating -- will spread
    across the a sizable portion of the Intermountain West ahead of this
    trough. Overnight, the development of a southwesterly nocturnal
    low-level jet will increase warm advection north of a roughly
    west-to-east warm front extending from the Central Plains into the
    Midwest. Resulting development of scattered/elevated storms may
    occur from the Nebraska vicinity eastward across Iowa, but at this
    time, the CAPE/shear parameter space appears insufficient for
    appreciable large hail risk. Elsewhere, severe storms are not
    expected.

    ..Goss.. 04/14/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 15, 2019 07:29:34
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    ------------=_1555313377-1972-11034
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 150729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Mon Apr 15 2019

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN ARKANSAS SOUTHWEST ACROSS PARTS OF
    CENTRAL AND EASTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/severe storms are forecast Wednesday afternoon and evening,
    from the Iowa vicinity south-southwest into the southern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    A gradually strengthening upper trough will move out of the Rockies
    and into the Plains Wednesday, and will be the primary feature of
    interest this period. Flanking the trough, ridging will encompass
    the western and eastern portions of the country.

    At the surface, a weak low initially over Kansas is forecast to
    shift northeastward to Iowa by sunset, and then into the northern Illinois/Wisconsin area overnight. Along a trailing cold front,
    models forecast weak secondary/frontal low development over the
    southwest Oklahoma vicinity during the afternoon -- likely near the intersection of the front an a southward-extending dryline. This
    cold front and dryline should focus late afternoon development of strong/locally severe storms.

    ...Portions of the central and southern Plains east to the lower
    Missouri/mid Mississippi Valleys...
    As low-level moisture spreads gradually northward on southerly flow
    ahead of the advancing storm system, steep lapse rates associated
    with eastward advection of an elevated mixed layer will result in
    development of a moderately unstable but capped warm sector.

    Capping should hinder convective development -- particularly over
    the southern Plains -- until late afternoon, but expect storms to
    eventually develop along the cold front, and southward along an
    eastward-mixing dryline as ascent increases in advance of the
    strengthening upper system.

    With flow aloft forecast to gradually strengthen as the trough
    advances, shear sufficient for supercells will reside across much of
    the area by afternoon. As such, developing storms will likely
    become quickly severe given the degree of CAPE expected, with very
    large hail likely to be the primary severe risk. Greatest risk for
    the largest hail appears to exist across the southern Plains, near
    the axis of steepest lapse rates associated with the elevated mixed
    layer advecting northeastward from northern Mexico/New Mexico.
    Damaging wind gusts will also be possible locally, and a tornado or
    two cannot be ruled out. Convection will continue overnight --
    spreading eastward toward the Mississippi River, but severe risk
    should gradually diminish overnight.

    ..Goss.. 04/15/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 16, 2019 07:30:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555399856-1972-11644
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 160730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue Apr 16 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE LOWER/MIDDLE MS VALLEYS...TN VALLEY...AND SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Thursday across the Lower and
    Middle Mississippi Valleys as well as across the Southeast and
    Tennessee Valley.

    ...Mid/Lower MS Valley...Southeast...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    from the mid MS Valley to the TX Gulf Coast along a cold front
    gradually pushing eastward/southeastward. Moist and moderately
    unstable air mass ahead of the cold front coupled with strong flow
    aloft supports the potential for occasionally strong updrafts
    capable of damaging wind gusts and isolated hail. Severe threat will
    exist throughout the entire period, from southeast TX early Thursday
    morning to western GA early Friday morning.

    The cold front will exist just ahead of a deep upper trough
    extending the length of the central CONUS. Some deepening of this
    upper trough is anticipated as an embedded shortwave trough drops
    through the central Plains towards the lower MS Valley. Progression
    of this shortwave will cause the lead southern-stream shortwave
    trough to quickly eject through the lower MS Valley and Southeast
    ahead of it. Resulting mass response and increase in large-scale
    ascent may result in a corridor of higher severe potential from
    southeast LA across southern/central MS into west-central AL.
    However, uncertainty regarding speed of the front as well as
    questions regarding the extent of diurnal heating currently preclude delineating any probabilities higher than 15%.

    ..Mosier.. 04/16/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 16, 2019 19:20:32
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    ------------=_1555442435-1972-11755
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    ACUS03 KWNS 161920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook AMEND 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Tue Apr 16 2019

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF
    LOUISIANA INTO CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...

    AMENDED TO ADD ENHANCED RISK FOR LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected Thursday across the Lower and
    Middle Mississippi Valleys as well as across the Southeast and
    Tennessee Valley. Damaging winds and a few tornadoes are possible,
    especially from Louisiana into Mississippi.

    ....Louisiana and Mississippi upgraded to Enhanced Risk for
    Thursday...
    Models are in good agreement with the general setup for Thursday,
    indicating a deepening upper trough across the lower MS Valley. Wind
    profiles will increase throughout the period, ahead of a developing
    squall line. Models indicate substantial low-level moisture will
    surge northward early through midday across LA, with cells possibly
    developing ahead of the ongoing frontal convection to the west. Any
    cells ahead of the line could be supercells capable of tornadoes.
    With time, a consolidation into a severe QLCS is expected.
    Hodographs will be supportive of supercells and/or embedded
    corridors of significant wind and a few tornadoes. A strong tornado
    is possible.

    -- Previous Discussion --

    ...Mid/Lower MS Valley...Southeast...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    from the mid MS Valley to the TX Gulf Coast along a cold front
    gradually pushing eastward/southeastward. Moist and moderately
    unstable air mass ahead of the cold front coupled with strong flow
    aloft supports the potential for occasionally strong updrafts
    capable of damaging wind gusts and isolated hail. Severe threat will
    exist throughout the entire period, from southeast TX early Thursday
    morning to western GA early Friday morning.

    The cold front will exist just ahead of a deep upper trough
    extending the length of the central CONUS. Some deepening of this
    upper trough is anticipated as an embedded shortwave trough drops
    through the central Plains towards the lower MS Valley. Progression
    of this shortwave will cause the lead southern-stream shortwave
    trough to quickly eject through the lower MS Valley and Southeast
    ahead of it. Resulting mass response and increase in large-scale
    ascent may result in a corridor of higher severe potential from
    southeast LA across southern/central MS into west-central AL.
    However, uncertainty regarding speed of the front as well as
    questions regarding the extent of diurnal heating currently preclude delineating any probabilities higher than 15%.

    ..Jewell.. 04/16/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 17, 2019 07:23:30
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555485813-1972-11852
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    ACUS03 KWNS 170723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Wed Apr 17 2019

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    NORTHEAST SC...CENTRAL/EASTERN NC..AND SOUTHEAST VA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Numerous thunderstorms are possible from the Mid-Atlantic States
    southward in Florida on Friday. Some of these storms will be capable
    of producing damaging wind gusts. A few tornadoes are also possible.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Deep upper trough extending along the MS Valley early Friday morning
    is expected to continue eastward, maturing into a well-formed
    mid-latitude cyclone centered over the southern Appalachians by the
    end of the period. Very strong flow aloft will exist throughout the
    base of the upper trough, with the strongest flow developing within
    its eastern periphery Friday afternoon and continuing into Saturday
    morning. 500-mb flow could exceed 100 kt, which is near record
    values across the Carolinas and into the mid-Atlantic based on SPC
    sounding climatology. In contrast to these impressive dynamics,
    overall thermodynamic environment will be marginal. Given that ample
    low-level moisture will be in place (i.e. dewpoints in the mid 60s
    to low 70s and 100-mb mean mixing ratios over 12 g/kg), the modest
    instability is largely a result of warm temperatures aloft and
    consequent poor lapse rates.

    A convective line is expected to traverse much of the Southeast on
    Thursday and will likely extend from far western NC through the
    central FL Panhandle early Friday morning. The strength and
    organization of this line at the beginning of the period is
    uncertain but potential exists for the line to be strong enough for
    sporadic damaging wind gusts. This line will likely continue
    eastward across GA and SC throughout the day while its far southern
    extent moves across FL.

    Given the strong forcing for ascent and little to no convective
    inhibition, additional thunderstorm development is possible across
    the Carolinas and much of the mid-Atlantic as early as the late
    morning. Widespread thunderstorm coverage is anticipated with a
    generally messy convective mode. Bowing line segments capable of
    damaging wind gusts appear to be the primary severe threat although
    tornadoes will be possible as well, particularly in areas of
    slightly better low-level moisture and backed surface winds. Highest
    coverage of severe is currently expected from the northeast SC coast
    into southeast VA where the best overlap between favorable low-level
    moisture, southeasterly surface winds, and a strong low-level jet
    exists.

    ..Mosier.. 04/17/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 18, 2019 07:12:15
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555571540-1967-425
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 180712
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180710

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 AM CDT Thu Apr 18 2019

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No severe thunderstorms are expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A deep upper trough will cover much of the eastern CONUS early
    Saturday morning with an associated mid-latitude cyclone centered
    over the southern Appalachians. The cyclone is expected to gradually
    lift northeastward while its parent upper trough drifts eastward,
    becoming increasingly negatively tilted and losing amplitude.
    Surface low attendant to the mid-latitude cyclone is also expected
    to gradually shift northeastward from the upper OH Valley towards
    the Lower Great Lakes while gradually filling. Warm-air advection
    across a weak front extending northeastward from this low may
    provide the impetus for isolated thunderstorms. Limited instability
    should keep the severe threat very low.

    Farther west, an antecedent front will likely extend from northern
    CA into central WY for much of the day. Southwesterly flow into this
    front coupled with increasing ascent attendant to an approaching
    shortwave trough and cool mid-level temperatures will support
    isolated thunderstorms from northern CA through WY. Limited
    low-level moisture and weak instability should prelude any severe
    threat.

    ..Mosier.. 04/18/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 19, 2019 07:04:53
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555657499-1967-1033
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    ACUS03 KWNS 190704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Fri Apr 19 2019

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe thunderstorms with a potential for hail and strong
    wind gusts will be possible across parts of the central Plains on
    Sunday afternoon and evening.

    ...Central Plains...
    An upper-level low is forecast to move eastward across the
    Intermountain West on Sunday. West southwest mid-level flow should
    be in place across the south-central states. At the surface, a cold
    front is forecast to move southward across the central Plains. The
    models generally have surface dewpoints in the mid 50s to near 60 F
    ahead of the front which would result in an axis of instability by
    afternoon. Although a cap is present across the instability axis,
    isolated thunderstorms could initiate along the front where
    low-level convergence will be maximized. Forecast soundings along
    and just ahead of the front late Sunday afternoon show moderate
    deep-layer shear profiles and steep mid-level lapse rates suggesting
    a severe threat will be possible. Due to the cap, convection should
    struggle helping to keep the overall threat marginal during the late
    afternoon and early evening.

    ..Broyles.. 04/19/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, April 20, 2019 07:11:59
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    ------------=_1555744325-1967-2135
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    ACUS03 KWNS 200711
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CDT Sat Apr 20 2019

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal hail and wind damage threat
    may develop across parts of the southern High Plains late Monday
    afternoon into the evening.

    ...Southern High Plains...
    An upper-level low will move southeastward across the Desert
    Southwest on Monday as southwest mid-level flow remains in place
    across the southern Rockies and southern High Plains. At the
    surface, a front is forecast to stall in west Texas attendant from a
    low in southeast New Mexico. A moist airmass will be in place along
    and to the south of the front where some destabilization should
    occur during the day. Thunderstorms appear most likely to develop in
    eastern New Mexico during the late afternoon, spreading
    east-northeastward across west Texas and the southern Texas
    Panhandle during the evening. A marginal wind damage threat could
    develop with surface-based storms along the front. Elevated storms
    north of the boundary may have a hail threat. At this point, model
    spread and front positioning is too uncertain for slight risk
    issuance.

    ..Broyles.. 04/20/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 21, 2019 07:07:08
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    ------------=_1555830434-1967-2454
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    ACUS03 KWNS 210707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210706

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 AM CDT Sun Apr 21 2019

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF WEST...CENTRAL AND NORTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with an isolated wind damage and hail
    threat are expected to develop across parts of Texas on Tuesday
    afternoon and evening.

    ...Southern Plains...
    An upper-level low will move southeastward from the Desert Southwest
    into northern Mexico on Tuesday. Southwest mid-level flow will
    remain over the southern Plains. At the surface, a cold front is
    forecast to move southeastward across central and northeast Texas.
    The models suggest that surface-based thunderstorms will develop
    along the boundary during the afternoon and evening. NAM and GFS
    forecast soundings early Tuesday evening in the Texas Hill Country
    suggest that moderate instability and deep-layer shear will be in
    place. For this reason, a severe threat is expected to develop along
    the front during the late afternoon and early evening. However,
    confidence in the forecast front position is not great enough to
    issue a slight risk at this time.

    ..Broyles.. 04/21/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Monday, April 22, 2019 07:13:17
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1555917203-1967-2636
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    ACUS03 KWNS 220713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220712

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CDT Mon Apr 22 2019

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTH-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a wind damage and large hail threat
    are expected to develop across parts of south-central and southeast
    Texas on Wednesday.

    ...Southern Plains...
    An upper-level low is forecast to move from northern Mexico into
    west Texas on Wednesday. West-southwesterly mid-level flow will
    remain across much of the eastern half of Texas. At the surface, a
    cold front is forecast to advance southeastward across central and
    southwest Texas. Ahead of the front, a moist airmass should be in
    place with surface dewpoints in the mid to upper 60s F. In response,
    moderate instability appears likely to develop by Wednesday
    afternoon from the lower Rio Grande River east-northeastward across south-central Texas. The NAM and ECMWF are somewhat in agreement,
    showing convective potential along this corridor along and just
    ahead of the front. In addition to moderate instability, NAM
    forecast soundings at 21Z Wednesday for San Antonio show 0-6 km
    shear in the 50-60 kt range. This combined with steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates will be favorable for large hail and isolated
    damaging wind gusts. The severe threat is expected to develop in the
    early afternoon and persist into early evening.

    ..Broyles.. 04/22/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 23, 2019 07:09:27
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556003373-1967-2895
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 230709
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230708

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CDT Tue Apr 23 2019

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND CENTRAL GULF COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal wind damage and hail threat
    will be possible across parts of the lower Mississippi Valley and
    central Gulf Coast States on Thursday.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/Central Gulf Coast States...
    An upper-level low will move eastward across the southern Plains and
    into the Arklatex region on Thursday. At the surface, a cold front
    is forecast to move from the southern Plains eastward into the lower Mississippi Valley. A moist airmass should be in place ahead of the
    front with surface dewpoints in the mid to upper 60s F. In response, instability is forecast to develop along and ahead of the front from
    southern Louisiana into southern Mississippi. Thunderstorms may be
    ongoing along the front at the start of the period with this
    convection moving eastward across the lower Mississippi Valley
    during the late morning and early afternoon. The models are now in
    decent agreement concerning the timing of the cold front. Strong
    deep-layer shear and steep low-level lapse rates, evident on
    forecast soundings, should be sufficient for severe storms. An
    isolated tornado threat along with potential for wind damage and
    hail would exist with the stronger cells. Linear MCS development
    will be possible during the afternoon.

    ..Broyles.. 04/23/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 24, 2019 07:14:02
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556090046-1967-3243
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    ACUS03 KWNS 240713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240713

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CDT Wed Apr 24 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE FLORIDA PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal wind damage threat are
    expected across parts of the Florida Peninsula on Friday.

    ...Florida Peninsula...
    An upper-level trough along with an associated cold front are
    forecast to move eastward to the eastern Seaboard on Friday. Ahead
    of the front, a moist airmass will be in place across the Florida
    Peninsula where surface heating will result in some destabilization
    by afternoon. The models suggest that thunderstorms will initiate
    along the front in the Florida Panhandle and eastern Gulf of Mexico,
    with this convection moving eastward onto the western Florida
    Peninsula during the afternoon. Forecast soundings at Tampa Bay for
    21Z on Friday show veered southwest to westerly wind profiles with
    steep low-level lapse rates and about 30 kt of deep-layer shear.
    This should be sufficient for marginally severe wind gusts
    associated with the stronger multicells. The severe threat is
    expected to remain isolated mainly because instability and
    deep-layer shear are expected to be marginal for severe storms.

    ..Broyles.. 04/24/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, April 24, 2019 19:19:37
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556133579-1967-3389
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 241919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Wed Apr 24 2019

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS A PORTION
    OF THE FLORIDA PENINSULA...THE CAROLINAS AND VIRGINIA...

    AMENDED TO INTRODUCE A MARGINAL RISK CATEGORY FOR THE CAROLINAS AND
    VIRGINIA

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with mainly a wind damage threat are
    expected across parts of the Florida Peninsula, the Carolinas and
    Virginia on Friday.

    ...Carolinas through Virginia...

    Models have converged on similar solutions regarding evolution of
    synoptic environment. Southern-stream shortwave trough is forecast
    to deamplify over the Carolinas and become absorbed within an
    amplifying northern-stream trough. Moistening warm sector with
    dewpoints in the low 60s F will advect inland resulting in marginal instability, and storms may develop in warm sector as well as along
    cold front as it advances eastward during the day. Strengthening
    low-mid level winds will support sufficient vertical shear for
    organized storms with damaging wind and a couple tornadoes the main
    threats. A SLGT risk might eventually be needed over a portion of
    this area, but due to lingering uncertainties regarding details of
    the convective evolution, will introduce a MRGL risk category this
    update.


    ...Florida Peninsula...
    An upper-level trough along with an associated cold front are
    forecast to move eastward to the eastern Seaboard on Friday. Ahead
    of the front, a moist airmass will be in place across the Florida
    Peninsula where surface heating will result in some destabilization
    by afternoon. The models suggest that thunderstorms will initiate
    along the front in the Florida Panhandle and eastern Gulf of Mexico,
    with this convection moving eastward onto the western Florida
    Peninsula during the afternoon. Forecast soundings at Tampa Bay for
    21Z on Friday show veered southwest to westerly wind profiles with
    steep low-level lapse rates and about 30 kt of deep-layer shear.
    This should be sufficient for marginally severe wind gusts
    associated with the stronger multicells. The severe threat is
    expected to remain isolated mainly because instability and
    deep-layer shear are expected to be marginal for severe storms.

    ..Dial.. 04/24/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, April 25, 2019 07:25:41
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556177145-1967-3570
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    ACUS03 KWNS 250725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Thu Apr 25 2019

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    NORTH TEXAS AND SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with a marginal wind damage and hail threat
    may develop across parts of north Texas and southern Oklahoma on
    Saturday.

    ...North Texas/Southern Oklahoma...
    A west-northwest mid-level flow pattern will be in place across most
    of the CONUS on Saturday. A shortwave trough is forecast to move
    quickly east-southeastward into the mid Mississippi Valley as a cold
    front advances southeastward across the southern Plains. The front
    is expected to be positioned around the Red River by late afternoon.
    Surface dewpoints ahead of the front in the lower to mid 60s F
    should contribute to a pocket of moderate instability across north
    Texas by afternoon. Forecast soundings across north Texas show a
    capping inversion in place for much of the day, which could weaken
    by around 00Z/Sunday. This may be enough to allow for isolated
    convective initiation along the front. If this occurs, then the
    moderate instability combined with 30 to 40 kt of 0-6 km shear and
    steep mid-level lapse rates would be favorable for isolated damaging
    wind gusts and hail. Due to the conditionality of this scenario,
    will keep the threat level at marginal across north Texas and
    southern Oklahoma for Saturday.

    ..Broyles.. 04/25/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, April 26, 2019 07:44:20
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    ------------=_1556264666-1967-3975
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    ACUS03 KWNS 260744
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260743

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CDT Fri Apr 26 2019

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CENTRAL/SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS TO MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms will be possible mostly Sunday
    afternoon and evening from the central/southern High Plains to
    Missouri.

    ...Synopsis...
    A northern-stream trough will continue to amplify as it spreads
    generally eastward over the northern Plains toward the Upper
    Midwest, all while a southern-stream upper low slowly approaches
    southern California and Baja Mexico.

    ...Eastern Colorado to Kansas/Missouri...
    Influenced by weak height falls and strengthening winds aloft via
    the northern Plains upper trough, a southeastward-advancing front
    across the central Plains will intercept a modestly moist air mass
    late Sunday afternoon and night. Initial thunderstorm development/intensification could occur across the central High
    Plains including northeast Colorado/northwest Kansas Sunday
    afternoon/early evening near and north of a deepening surface low
    and triple point. A few surface-based severe storms appear possible
    across this region. By Sunday night, increasing forcing for
    ascent/warm advection will influence an increasing number of
    elevated storms across Kansas into Missouri, the strongest of which
    could produce severe hail.

    ...Northwest/western-north Texas to far western Oklahoma...
    As upper heights slowly rise, overall forcing for ascent will likely
    be weak/nebulous coincident with the north/south-oriented dryline.
    While most available guidance features little if any convectively
    related development, sufficient convergence and mixing near the
    dryline in conjunction with near 60F surface dewpoints could be
    sufficient for isolated deep convective development by late
    afternoon/early evening. If so, very steep lapse rates, upwards of
    2000+ J/kg MLCAPE and ample effective shear would exist for a couple
    of supercells, with large hail the most probable hazard. Although
    questions currently exist regarding the likelihood/coverage of
    storms, low severe probabilities appear prudent for at least a
    conditional-type severe risk given the otherwise supercell-favorable environment.

    ..Guyer.. 04/26/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, April 28, 2019 07:25:11
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    ------------=_1556436314-1967-5165
    Content-Type: text/plain

    ACUS03 KWNS 280723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Sun Apr 28 2019

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY AFTERNOON
    INTO TUESDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE
    LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible in a corridor across parts of the
    southern Plains into the lower Missouri Valley Tuesday afternoon
    into Tuesday night. This will include a risk for large hail,
    locally damaging wind gusts and a few tornadoes.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of an increasingly prominent mid-level blocking high,
    becoming centered near the northern Alaskan Arctic coast, a deep
    mid-level low is forecast to continue a retrogression into western
    Canada, and contribute to the evolution of large-scale troughing
    encompassing much of western North America. Within the evolving
    cyclonic regime across the western into central U.S., the
    increasingly sheared remnants of another mid-level closed low are
    forecast to accelerate northeastward through the Plains/Mississippi
    Valley region Tuesday through Tuesday night. This may be
    accompanied by a developing wave along a stalled/northward
    retreating surface frontal zone, across eastern portions of the
    central Plains into the middle Mississippi Valley. However, sizable
    spread has been and remains evident among the models and various
    model ensemble output concerning these developments.

    In general, though, guidance does suggest that moderate
    boundary-layer instability (CAPE of 1500-3000 J/kg) may develop by
    late Tuesday afternoon in a corridor east of Interstate-35, from
    Kansas City to Dallas. It appears that this will coincide with
    low-level moistening near a 30-50 kt southerly 850 mb jet, beneath
    steepening lower/mid tropospheric lapse rates and seasonably strong southwesterly mid/upper flow. This could potentially become
    conducive to considerable organized strong to severe storm
    development, including supercells with a risk for tornadoes, in
    addition to large hail and damaging wind gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 04/28/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tuesday, April 30, 2019 07:26:48
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    ------------=_1556609214-1967-6033
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    ACUS03 KWNS 300726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Tue Apr 30 2019

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THURSDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS A CORRIDOR EXTENDING FROM THE LOWER RIO
    GRANDE VALLEY NORTHEASTWARD THROUGH THE OZARK PLATEAU...OHIO VALLEY
    AND NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong thunderstorms may impact a corridor from Texas through the
    Ozark Plateau and Ohio Valley, into the the northern Mid Atlantic
    Coast states Thursday afternoon and evening, accompanied by at least
    some risk for severe weather.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that blocking will remain prominent across the
    eastern Pacific during this period, with split belts of westerlies
    continuing to converge into broad downstream troughing inland of the
    Pacific coast. However, it does appear that the remnants of a broad
    and deep mid-level low may undergo considerable further deformation
    near/east of the Canadian Rockies, and the axis of the large-scale
    mean troughing over the U.S. may gradually shift east of the
    Rockies. As it does, downstream subtropical ridging may gradually
    begin to weaken, and lose influence on at least parts of the
    Southeast.

    One significant short wave perturbation within this regime is
    forecast to continue to progress northeast of the Canadian/U.S.
    border, near/northwest of the upper Great Lakes region. Associated
    mid-level height falls and stronger southwesterly mid-level flow may
    remain well to the north of a quasi-stationary front, initially
    extending from parts of the northern Mid Atlantic region through
    portions of the southern Great Lakes/Ohio Valley, into the central
    and southern Plains. However, it may still provide support for a
    weak frontal wave migrating across the middle Mississippi Valley
    through the lower Great Lakes region by late Thursday night.

    Another significant short wave impulse is forecast to dig across the
    northern Rockies into the central Plains, and may be accompanied by
    the continuing southward surge of seasonably cool/cold air to the
    lee of the Rockies, as far south as the Texas South Plains by 12Z
    Friday.

    A continuing southerly return flow around the western/northwestern
    periphery of remnant Southeastern low-level ridging will maintain
    seasonably moist conditions along and south of the front, from the
    southern Plains into the Mid Atlantic. Models suggest that this may
    contribute to weak to modest boundary layer destabilization in the
    presence of modest shear along much of this corridor. It is
    possible that this environment could support storms capable of
    producing hail and strong wind gusts, though the extent of this
    potential remains unclear at this time.

    Seasonably moderate to strong destabilization may mostly become
    confined to Texas and the lower Rio Grande vicinity, where
    large-scale forcing for ascent and vertical shear supportive of
    organized convection also remain unclear.

    ..Kerr.. 04/30/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wednesday, May 01, 2019 07:25:22
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556695526-1967-6670
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    ACUS03 KWNS 010725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Wed May 01 2019

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF TEXAS AND THE NORTHERN MID ATLANTIC COAST REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    There appears at least some risk for the development of severe
    storms across parts of Texas and the northern Mid Atlantic Coast
    region Friday.

    ...Discussion...
    Blocking appears likely to persist within the mid-latitude
    westerlies across the eastern Pacific through this period, with the
    split branches of stronger flow remaining broadly confluent
    downstream, inland of the Pacific coast through the Atlantic
    Seaboard. Models indicate a number of short waves progressing
    through the two streams, but they are forecast to remain out of
    phase.

    In association with these features, a surface frontal zone,
    initially extending from the lower Great Lakes region into the
    central Plains, may advance southward through the Ohio Valley, and
    into portions of the northern Mid Atlantic Coast and southern New
    England. This may be preceded by a stalling or stalled frontal zone
    initially to the lee of the central Appalachians, across the
    northern Mid Atlantic Coast region at the beginning of the period.
    Another surge of cooler air may continue southeast of the southern
    High Plains, through much of Texas by 12Z Saturday.

    ...Texas...
    Southern branch troughing, with one or two embedded smaller-scale perturbations, appears likely to develop east-northeastward across
    the region Friday through Friday night, although considerable
    variability is evident within the various model output. Models do
    generally indicate that moderate boundary-layer destabilization may
    occur ahead of the southward advancing surface front, across the
    lower Rio Grande Valley and south central Texas, with sufficient
    shear to support at least some potential for organized thunderstorm
    activity capable of producing severe hail and wind.

    ...Northern Mid Atlantic...
    Models suggest that a weak surface low may develop within surface
    troughing to the lee of the central Appalachians, and become a focus
    for weak to moderate boundary-layer destabilization which could
    become supportive of vigorous thunderstorm development Friday
    afternoon. Activity may tend to develop southeastward along the
    remnant initial frontal zone, where vertical shear may become
    enhanced and supportive of organized thunderstorm development,
    perhaps including an isolated supercell.

    ..Kerr.. 05/01/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thursday, May 02, 2019 07:28:32
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556782118-1967-7348
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    ACUS03 KWNS 020728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Thu May 02 2019

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY INTO
    SATURDAY NIGHT NEAR AND EAST OF THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL
    APPALACHIANS...AS WELL AS ACROSS PARTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    There appears at least some risk for the development of severe
    storms Saturday into Saturday night, mainly near and east of the
    southern and central Appalachians. A few strong to severe storms
    are also possible across parts of the central High Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Models indicate that the blocked regime across the eastern
    mid-latitude Pacific may undergo at least some transition during
    this period. It appears that the mid-level high may begin to
    weaken, and the closed low to its southeast may begin to accelerate
    eastward toward the southern California coast. However, the split
    downstream westerlies likely will remain more or less zonal, and
    broadly confluent inland of the Pacific coast through the Atlantic
    Seaboard.

    After digging across the Canadian Prairies, the most significant
    embedded short wave impulse is forecast to turn eastward, within the
    northern branch, through much of northern Ontario by late Saturday
    night. It appears that this will be accompanied by a fairly
    significant surface cyclone, with a trailing cold front advancing
    through much of the northern Plains and Upper Midwest.

    This front will be preceded by another front, along which at least
    modest surface cyclogenesis may commence, from portions of the
    Tennessee Valley into the Mid Atlantic, as a broad southern branch
    trough progresses east-northeast of the lower/middle Mississippi
    Valley.

    ...Southern into central Appalachians and Piedmont...
    On the southern periphery of the southern branch troughing, it
    appears that a plume of at least modestly steep mid-level lapse
    rates may advect east-northeastward across the region, coincident
    with a belt of sheared, 30-50 kt 850-500 mb flow. Despite somewhat
    modest boundary layer moisture for the time of year, models suggest
    that this may contribute to mixed-layer CAPE up to around 1000 J/kg.
    This environment may become at least marginally conducive to
    organized thunderstorm development, potentially capable of producing
    damaging wind gusts Saturday into Saturday night.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Models indicate that moistening southeasterly flow into lee surface
    troughing will contribute to modest destabilization (including CAPE
    up to around 1000 J/kg) beneath steep mid-level lapse rates. In the
    presence of favorable shear, due to veering profiles with height
    beneath seasonably weak to modest northwesterly mid-level flow,
    isolated supercell development appears possible late Saturday
    afternoon and evening.

    ..Kerr.. 05/02/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Friday, May 03, 2019 07:19:38
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556867981-1967-7795
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    ACUS03 KWNS 030719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Fri May 03 2019

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHEAST AND PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong thunderstorms, a few severe, are expected across
    portions of the Southeast Sunday. Isolated severe thunderstorms
    should develop across the High Plains from west Texas into western
    Iowa.

    ...Southeast...

    Southern-stream short-wave trough will progress across the Gulf
    States during the day2 period then eject across the Middle
    Atlantic/Southeast early Sunday. Weak surface low is forecast to
    translate northeast along a weak boundary ahead of this feature and
    off the Middle Atlantic Coast by early afternoon as strongest
    forcing shifts east. While primary corridor of large-scale forcing
    for ascent should shift offshore early, trailing wind shift across
    the Carolinas into the FL Panhandle is expected to provide adequate
    low-level convergence for isolated convection. Given the presence of
    modest mid-high level flow, any storms that evolve across the
    Southeast may be sustained in the wake of the short wave.
    Thunderstorms should prove isolated in nature and the most likely
    threat will be gusty winds.

    ...Plains...

    Latest model guidance continues to suggest broad west-northwesterly
    flow along the front side of weak short-wave ridging across the central/southern Plains. In the absence of any appreciable
    disturbance, which does not seem likely, boundary-layer heating is
    expected to prove instrumental in convective development Sunday.
    Isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop along the dryline
    from west TX into southwest NE by late afternoon. Scattered
    convection may become more concentrated along a synoptic front that
    settles into the mid-MO Valley, though heights are actually forecast
    to rise across this region. Any storms that develop across the
    Plains into western IA will do so within favorable shear for
    sustaining updrafts as northwesterly bulk-shear vectors should be at
    least 35-40kt across this region.

    ..Darrow.. 05/03/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Saturday, May 04, 2019 06:55:46
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1556952948-1967-8163
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    ACUS03 KWNS 040655
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040654

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CDT Sat May 04 2019

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MID MO VALLEY...CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS TO THE TEXAS COASTAL PLAIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of
    the Plains, Coastal Texas, and the Mid Missouri Valley.

    ...Discussion...

    Large-scale pattern will not change appreciably during the day2-day3
    time frame. Split-flow regime is expected to persist into the early
    part of next week which will result in a sharp demarcation of
    buoyancy settling south into the I-70 corridor.

    ...Mid-MO Valley to southern High Plains...

    Mid-level heights are forecast to rise across the central/southern
    Plains Monday as a pronounced upper trough migrates into the lower
    CO River Valley and upper troughing dominates the Hudson Bay region.
    This flow regime will allow a sharp front to plunge south across the
    central Plains where it should orient itself from MO-KS-CO by late
    afternoon. Short-wave trough will likely aid convective development
    along the front draped across IA and this activity should spread
    southeast along the northeastern extent of more appreciable
    instability. Of potentially more concern will be the trailing
    boundary across the central Plains. This wind shift will likely
    struggle to focus thunderstorm development due to weak forcing, but thermodynamic profiles are expected to be modestly unstable with
    adequate shear for organized severe. Frontal convergence will be
    stronger across the High Plains and robust convection should evolve
    over eastern CO which will spread east toward KS during the evening.
    It's not clear how extensive thunderstorms will develop south along
    the dryline into west TX due to weak forcing, but cool temperatures
    aloft and strong heating should be adequate for convection.

    ...Coastal TX...

    Low-latitude short-wave trough is forecast to eject across Mexico
    toward deep south TX during the day3 period. This feature should
    induce a weakness within the surface pressure field near the TX
    coast such that warm advection is expected to increase ahead of the
    short wave. Latest NAM/GFS/ECMWF all agree that a short wave should
    eject into this region which should generate a fair amount of
    convection. Depending where the boundary ultimately establishes
    itself, severe probs may need to be increased as low-level shear
    will be pronounced across this region.

    ..Darrow.. 05/04/2019

    $$


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sunday, May 05, 2019 06:46:55
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    ------------=_1557038820-1967-8547
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    ACUS03 KWNS 050646
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050646

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0146 AM CDT Sun May 05 2019

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across the southern Plains
    Tuesday. Hail, wind, and tornadoes are possible.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Late-evening model guidance is in general agreement regarding the
    evolution of a pronounced upper trough as it migrates toward the
    southern Plains day3. 500mb speed max is forecast to eject across
    the northern Baja Peninsula Monday then into the TX South Plains
    Tuesday evening. While models are in agreement in the large-scale
    upper features, considerable disagreement exists in the placement of
    a notable surface front. NAM suggests surface boundary will sag into
    western OK/TX Panhandle prior to the influence of the upper trough.
    ECMWF/GFS maintain lower surface pressure across the High Plains
    region and there are compelling reasons for both solutions. Have
    opted for the southern-most scenario based on expected precipitation
    across the central Plains during the day2 period and the possibility
    for cooler temperatures across this region.

    Early in the day3 period, a significant disturbance is expected to
    eject across east TX. This feature will likely generate substantial
    amount of convection/precipitation that may retard northward
    advancement of higher-PW air mass into OK. For these reasons it
    appears primary zone for convective initiation will be across the
    southern High Plains where strong boundary-layer heating should
    weaken the cap sufficiently for thunderstorm development along the
    dry line. Timing of the approaching trough favors western
    development. Supercells are expected to form by late afternoon south
    of the synoptic front then spread east as 500mb speed max ejects
    into northwest TX after midnight. While NAM forecast dew points may
    be a bit too high, moderate instability should exist just east of
    the dryline for robust convection. This activity should
    spread/develop east during the overnight hours with an attendant
    threat for all severe hazards.

    ..Darrow.. 05/05/2019

    $$


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