Hello JIM,
22 Apr 19 00:43 at you wrote to NANCY BACKUS:
berry, low bush cranberries, which are called lingonberrues in the Scandinavian and Baltic countries.
I love lingonberries. I was first exposed to them when I bought some lingonberry concentrate at the Atlanta IKEA when I lived there in 2007-2008. I haven't had it since then. I guess a trip to Atlanta is in order. :D
(NOTE: the following may be rather long. I used lynx, the text-based web browser, to format this webpage to text.)
Some interesting facts about lingonberries from
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lingonberry:
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14 Impressive Health Benefits of Lingonberries
Written by [2]Marsha McCulloch, MS, RD on January 14, 2019
Lingonberries are small, red berries that taste similar to cranberries
but are not quite as tart.
They grow on a small evergreen shrub -- Vaccinium vitis-idaea -- that
is native to the Scandinavian region of northern Europe.
The berry is known by many other names, including bearberry, redberry,
partridgeberry, foxberry, cowberry, and Alaskan lowbush cranberry.
Lingonberries have been called a superfruit based on their nutritional
value and potential health benefits, such as for weight control and
heart health ().
Here are 14 impressive health benefits of lingonberries.
Lingonberry [3]Share on Pinterest
1. High in Antioxidants
Nutritionally, lingonberries are most notable for their antioxidants
and other plant compounds.
A 3/4-cup (100-gram) serving of lingonberries supplies 139% of the
Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for [4]manganese, a mineral that is a
component of one of your body's major antioxidant enzymes -- superoxide
dismutase ([5]2, [6]3, ).
Additionally, a serving of lingonberries provides 10% and 12% of the
RDIs for vitamin E and C, respectively -- both of which also function
as [7]antioxidants ([8]2, [9]5, [10]6, [11]7).
What's more, like many berries, lingonberries are rich in plant
compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonoids (, , ).
In fact, the red color of lingonberries comes from anthocyanins, which
may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits (, , ).
Lingonberries also supply quercetin, a flavonoid that functions as an
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It may help reduce your risk
of high blood pressure, heart disease, and other conditions (, ).
Summary Lingonberries are rich in compounds that function as
antioxidants, including manganese, vitamin C, vitamin E, and certain
plant compounds, such as anthocyanins and quercetin.
2. May Promote Healthy Gut Bacteria
The bacteria and other microbes in your digestive tract -- called your
[12]gut microbiota -- may be a key factor when it comes to your health.
What you eat has a big impact on the makeup of your gut microbiota (,
).
Animal studies suggest that eating lingonberries may trigger changes in
the makeup of your gut microbiota that could help protect against
low-grade inflammation ().
Feeding mice on a high-fat diet lingonberries for 11 weeks helped
prevent low-grade inflammation and increased numbers of Akkermansia
muciniphila, bacteria that help keep your gut lining healthy (, ).
Chronic inflammation plays a role in many conditions, including heart
disease, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and
dementia ().
Thus, adding lingonberries to your diet may have [13]anti-inflammatory
and gut-health-promoting effects, though studies in people are needed
to confirm these benefits.
Summary Eating lingonberries may trigger changes in the makeup of
your gut bacteria, helping protect against low-grade inflammation.
This may reduce your risk of chronic diseases.
3. May Aid Weight Control
Like other berries, lingonberries are a weight-loss-friendly food,
providing just 54 calories per 3/4-cup (100-gram) serving ([14]2).
However, there may be more at play than just a low calorie count when
it comes to their potential role in [15]controlling weight.
In a three-month study in mice on a high-fat diet, those receiving 20%
of their calories from lingonberries weighed 21% less and had
significantly lower body fat than those eating an equal-calorie,
high-fat diet without berries ().
What's more, the lingonberry eaters also maintained their weight and
lean body better than mice eating high-fat diets that contained
[16]other berries ().
The reasons for the apparent anti-obesity effects of lingonberries
weren't assessed in this study but could be due to changes in gut
bacteria that favor leanness.
Another study found that feeding mice lingonberries reduced the gut's
abundance of Firmicutes bacteria, which are linked to higher body
weight. This may be because Firmicutes are better able to extract
energy from undigested food particles (, ).
Additionally, one test-tube study suggests that lingonberries may
inhibit the action of an enzyme needed to digest fat from food. If you
don't digest fat, you won't obtain its calories ().
Further research in humans is needed to verify the potential
anti-obesity effects of lingonberries and to determine the amount
needed to reap this benefit.
Summary Lingonberries are relatively low in calories, and animal
research suggests that eating them daily may prevent weight gain.
4. Promotes Healthy Blood Sugar Levels
Test-tube and animal studies suggest that lingonberries and lingonberry
extract may help [17]control blood sugar -- which may be partly due to
their polyphenol and fiber content (, , , ).
Preliminary human studies support these findings.
When healthy men ate sweetened yogurt with 1/3 cup (40 grams) of
lingonberry powder, their blood sugar and insulin levels were the same
as when they ate yogurt without lingonberry powder -- despite the
additional carbs from the fruit ().
Similarly, when healthy women ate 2/3 cup (150 grams) of pureed
lingonberries with about 3 tablespoons (35 grams) of sugar, their peak
insulin after eating was 17% lower compared to a control group who ate
the sugar without lingonberries ().
Managing insulin levels and minimizing insulin spikes can help preserve
your body's responsiveness to insulin, reducing your risk of type 2
diabetes and [18]obesity (, [19]29).
Summary Test-tube, animal, and preliminary human studies suggest
that lingonberries may help blunt your blood sugar and insulin
response to eating carbs. This may be due to their polyphenol and
fiber content.
5. May Support Heart Health
Many types of berries -- including lingonberries -- may promote heart
health. This benefit may be due to their polyphenol and [20]fiber
content ().
Test-tube and animal studies suggest that lingonberries may help relax
your heart's arteries to support blood flow, slow the progression of
atherosclerosis, lower triglycerides, and protect heart cells from
oxidative damage (, , ).
Feeding mice a high-fat diet with 20% of the calories from
lingonberries for three months resulted in total [21]cholesterol levels
that were 30% lower than those on an equal-calorie, high-fat diet
without berries ().
Additionally, mice on the lingonberry-enriched diet had significantly
less fat buildup in their liver. This suggests the berries may have a
protective effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- a
potential risk factor for heart disease ().
Still, research in humans is needed.
Summary Test-tube and animal studies suggest that lingonberries may
support blood flow, slow atherosclerosis progression, and lower
blood cholesterol and triglycerides. However, human studies are
needed to confirm possible heart health benefits.
6. May Protect Eye Health
Light can cause free radical damage in your eyes.
Your retina -- which converts light into nerve signals that your brain
interprets as vision -- is especially vulnerable to ultraviolet A (UVA)
light from the sun and [22]blue light, such as from sunlight and
digital devices like smartphones and computers ().
Test-tube studies suggest that lingonberry extract may protect retina
cells from free radical damage due to both blue light and UVA light.
This protection comes from plant compounds, including anthocyanins (,
).
Previously, animal and human studies have found that consuming berry
anthocyanins raises blood levels of these protective plant compounds,
which can be transported to your eyes (, ).
Though further research is needed to confirm [23]eye health benefits of
lingonberry extract, a longstanding recommendation for supporting
vision is to eat plenty of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables --
which could include lingonberries ().
Summary Preliminary research suggests that plant compounds in
lingonberry extract may protect your eyes from damaging blue and UVA
light, but human studies are needed.
7. May Reduce Cancer Risk
Fruit -- including lingonberries -- provides fiber, plant compounds,
and vitamins that may [24]reduce cancer risk ([25]40).
In a 10-week study in mice prone to intestinal tumors, those fed 10%
(by weight) of their high-fat diet as freeze-dried, powdered
lingonberries had 60% smaller and 30% fewer tumors than the control
group ().
Additionally, a test-tube study found that fermented lingonberry juice
inhibited the growth and spread of oral cancer cells. However, it took
30 times as much lingonberry juice to match the effectiveness of
[26]curcumin -- an anticancer compound in turmeric ().
An alternative option may be lingonberry extract supplements, which
concentrate the beneficial components.
Test-tube studies show that lingberry extracts may promote the death of
human leukemia cancer cells and inhibit the growth and spread of human
breast, colon, and cervical cancer cells (, , ).
Though these results are encouraging, further research is needed.
Summary Preliminary animal and test-tube studies suggest that
consuming concentrated amounts of lingonberries -- such as powdered
or extract forms -- may inhibit cancer cell growth. Still, more
research is needed.
8-13. Other Potential Health Benefits
Scientists are researching many other potential benefits of
lingonberries, including:
8. Brain health: Rodent studies suggest that lingonberries or their
extract may improve brain function, including[27]memory when under
stress. Test-tube analyses imply that the berries' antioxidants
protect brain cells (, , ).
9. Antiviral: In a test-tube study, lingonberry extract --
particularly anthocyanins -- stopped the replication of influenza
virus A and inhibited coxsackievirus B1, which is linked to an
increased risk of type 1 diabetes (, ).
10. Oral health: According to test-tube studies, lingonberries contain
plant compounds that may fend off bacteria that promote gum disease
and plaque accumulation on teeth (, , ).
11. Kidney protection: Feeding rats 1 ml of lingonberry juice daily for
three weeks prior to kidney injury protected them from loss of
kidney function. The juice's anthocyanins reduced damaging kidney
inflammation (, ).
12. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Women who drank a combination of
cranberry and lingonberry juice concentrate for six months had a
20% lower risk of recurrent [28]UTIs. However, lingonberry juice
needs to be tested alone (, ).
13. Food preservation: Lingonberry concentrate added to a reduced-sugar
fruit spread helped inhibit mold growth. Additionally, a
lingonberry extract strongly deterred the growth of bacteria that
commonly cause food poisoning (, ).
Summary Preliminary studies suggest that lingonberries may have
benefits for your brain, urinary tract, kidney, and oral health, as
well as for fighting viruses and preserving foods.
14. Brightens up Your Diet
These red berries can add vibrant color and sweet-tart flavor to
countless dishes.
Fresh lingonberries are only available in certain regions. You're most
likely to find them in Sweden, Norway, Finland, and nearby countries,
as well as in the Pacific Northwest and a few states in the
northeastern US. They may also grow wild in eastern Canada.
Besides fresh, you can purchase lingonberries [29]frozen or powdered.
You can also find them dried or in juices, sauces, jams, and preserves
-- but these are often sweetened with sugar, making them less healthy.
Here are some ideas for using lingonberries:
* Add lingonberry powder to yogurt, smoothies, or [30]protein shakes.
* Sprinkle fresh or thawed lingonberries on leafy green salads.
* Top pancakes or waffles with homemade lingonberry sauce sweetened
with stevia.
* Add lingonberries to scones, muffins, and other baked goods.
* Stir lingonberry powder into [31]oatmeal or cold cereal.
* Combine fresh or thawed lingonberries with other berries to make a
fruit salad.
* Add lingonberry powder to hot or cold tea.
Additionally, you can use lingonberries in place of cranberries or
blueberries in most recipes.
Summary Though fresh lingonberries may be hard to find, you can
still enjoy them frozen or powdered. Add them to beverages, baked
goods, or yogurt. Limit sugar-sweetened lingonberry products, such
as jams and sauces.
The Bottom Line
Lingonberries are small, red berries dubbed superfruits due to their
nutritional profile and antioxidant content.
Though more research is needed, studies suggest that they may promote
healthy gut bacteria, weight control, [32]heart health, and blood sugar
control -- among other benefits.
Berries of any kind have long been known to be [33]good for you, so if
you can find lingonberries in unsweetened forms -- such as fresh,
frozen, or powdered -- enjoy them as often as you like.
Written by [34]Marsha McCulloch, MS, RD on January 14, 2019
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=== Cut ===
Later,
Sean
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